英语必修5资料.docx

1、英语必修5资料2009-2010 学年度 第一学期 第二周第五册（必修5）【词汇】1、volunteer1)做可数名词“志愿者，义务兵”2）可做及物动词+to do和不及物动词(常与for sth 连用)“自愿做,自动请求去做”3) voluntary形容词“自愿的,无偿的”He is a volunteer who directs the traffic. 他是一个指挥交通的志愿者.Some students volunteered to keep discipline in the class. 一些学生自愿维护班里的纪律.He has volunteered for service fo

2、r 10 years. 他自愿参军10年了.My sister does a lot of voluntary work. 我妹妹做了大量的无偿的工作.2、show/have respect for: 尊重/尊敬某人/某物 = look up to反意词组:look down on /upon 轻视/看不起同根词: respectable adj. 受人尊敬的,恰当的 respectably adv.恰当地respectful adj.尊敬的/恭敬的; respectfully adv.尊敬地/恭敬地respecting prep.介词,“关于”in /with respect of/to:关

3、于 without respect of/to:不管He is a respectable teacher.他是一位受人尊敬的老师.We should have/show respect for the old.我们应该尊敬老人.3、apply1) apply to sb for sth: 向某人申请某物 2) apply sth to sth: 把某物贴/涂在某物上3) apply to sb /sth: 与某人/某物有关/有效4) apply oneself to sth/doing sth 集中精力到某事/做某事5) apply sth to sth 把应用到He applied to

4、the college for taking an exam again. 他向大学申请补考.You can apply something to your skin. 你可以在你的皮肤上抹些东西.These rules dont always apply to us. 这些规则对我们并非总有效.If you really apply yourself to your work, you will be successful.假如你真地专心于你的工作, 你就会成功.We should apply a theory to practice. 我们应该把理论用于实践.拓展:applicant:申请

5、人; application申请书;applied:应用的4、require1)require doing sth= require to be done :需要(被)做某事 （主语是物，用法同need,want）2) require sb to do：需要某人做某事3) require that sb(主格)(should ) do sth: 从句用虚拟语气4) require +名词The car requires washing=The car requires to be washed. 该车需要冲洗了.They required me to appear. 他们要求我出面.They

6、required that we should go at once. 他们要求我们立刻去.She requires medical care. 她需要治疗.拓展: requirement n. 需要/需求5、in +adj.+ condition:在状况 / 情况下, 介词短语,常做表语或状语He cant travel in that condition. 在那种状况下他不能去旅游.These old houses are all in good condition. 这些老房子都完好无损.相关词组:out of condition: 状况不佳 on condition that: 在条件

7、下,倘若on no condition: 在任何条件下都不,决不能做某事Since the accident, he has been out of condition.自从那次事故以来,他的健康状况一直不佳.You can use my computer on condition that you dont play computer games.倘若你不玩微机游戏,你可以用我的电脑.You are on no condition allowed to do that to your parents.在任何情况下，你都不能那样对你父母.6、have an effect on /upon 对产

8、生作用,发生影响have no /little/much/great effect on /upon: 对没有/有很小/有重大影响His grandfather has a great effect on him. 他的祖父对他有很大的影响.The medicine has a good effect on the disease. 这种药对这病很有效果.拓展: put/bring/carryinto effect: 实行实施;施行(法律)come/go into effect: 开始实施,开始生效 of no effect: 无效的,无用的have /produce an effect on

9、: 对产生影响/效果The new system will soon be put into effect. 新系统即将启用.The new seat-belt regulations came into effect last week. 新的安全带规则上周开始实施.My warning was of no effect. 我的警告无济于事.7、take sth for granted 想当然,认为是理所当然的拓展主语+take it for granted that+从句：想当然,认为是当然理所的。 it 做take的形式宾语，真正宾语that是引导的从句。I take it for gr

10、anted that everyone has read the book . 我想当然地认为每个人都读过这本书.take可表示对某人某物的反应,态度或怀有某种感情.take it easy 慢慢来,轻松点 take sth. seriously严肃地对待某物take ones time 不紧张,慢慢来 takefor granted 认为理所当然We always take everything our parents do for us for granted.我们总以为父母为我们所做的一切都是理所当然的.He takes it for granted that his mother wa

11、shes all his clothes.他想当然地认为妈妈应当为他洗所有的衣服.8、intellectual: adj 脑力的，思维的，需用才智的；n. 知识分子the intellectual faculties 智能 intellectual people 有才智的人intellectually 有才智地 intelligence U 智力，才智intelligent adj. 聪明的，有才智的9、salary: n 工资，薪水-salary, wage, feesalary 指按月发的薪水，领取薪水者通常是经过培训而具有特殊技能或专门知识的人He told me that the fi

12、rm could not afford to pay such large salaries.他告诉我说，公司付不起那么多薪水了。Teachers, government officials and clerks receive salaries. 教师，政府官员和职员接受薪水。wage一般指按星期甚至按天发的工资，领取工资者通常是做体力劳动的人His wages are high; prices are high, too. 工资高，物价也高。fee一词在英语中指付给医生、音乐师、美术工作者或律师的报酬。The doctors fee is 25 a visit. 那名医生每次门诊25美元。

13、10、sign: vt 签字，签署 n. 记号，符号, 姿势，告示，标语，牌示，迹象，征兆sign a letter在信件上签字I want all of you to sign. 我要你们全都签字。The firm signed on fifty more workers last week. 上星期该公司签约增雇了五十名工人。sign sb. to enter对某人打手势让他进来sign a street 给街道立标志The policeman signed (for) them to stop. 警察做手势叫他们停住。He signed to me to be quiet. 他做手势要我

14、安静。He made a sign for me to follow him. 他向我示意跟着他（走）。The sign by the road said No Parking. 路边的牌子上写着“禁止停车”。There are no signs of life in the house. 这房子没有有人住的迹象。11、staff: n 全体职员，员工 (本身做集合名词使用，一般不再使用复数形式)the staff of a school 学校的全体工作人员a staff member (=a member of the staff) 职员之一the teaching staff 全体教员 t

15、he domestic staff 佣人a military naval staff college 陆海军参谋学院12、earn vt 挣（钱）earn ones living 谋生earnings n.赚得的钱 (本身使用复数形式)His achievements earn him respect and admiration. 他取得的成就使他受到尊敬和钦佩。The money earns 7%interest. 这钱有七厘利息。13、stressful adj 有压力的 stress n 压力,重音in times of stress 在艰难时期 lay / place / put s

16、tress on / upon 把重点放在14、offer v. 提供；提出 n 提议; 出价；报盘-（与to do连用）表示愿意；试图offer to go 自愿前往 offer to help sb. 表示愿意帮助某人offer a few ideas提出几点意见I must offer them an apology for not going to attend their get-gathering.我没有去出席他们的聚会,必须向他们示歉意。He offered me 300 dollars for that television. 他出300美元向我买那部电视机。an offer

17、of 100 出价100 英镑Thank you for your offer of help. 感谢你提供的帮助。15、direct vt. 指挥，指引，命令 direct sb. to do sth.指挥某人干某事direct /show sb. to为某人指引。的路direct that sb. should do 命令某人干某事adj.直的， 直接的direct speech直接引语in a direct line成直线adv.直接地，一直direction 方向，指挥 in the direction of朝。方向director n.导演，主任 directly adv.直接地，立

18、刻，马上conj. =the moment=as soon asThe headteacher is directing his students to do a complete cleaning.Could you direct me to the Beijing Library?He directed that I should follow the rules to do the experiment.Feng Xiaogang and Zhang Yimou are both great directors of China, who havedirected many famous

19、 movies.16、demand vt. 要求，需求，询问 n.需求，需要 vi.询问，质问，命令demand sth. from /of sb. 向某人要求某物demand to do要求做某事demand that-clause(从句用should do)in demand=in need需求meet the demand满足需求辨析：demand 一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求，或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求。request是正式用词，指非常正式，有礼貌的请求或恳求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。require强调根据事业，需要或纪律，法律等而提出的要求。ask最普通用词，指向对方提出

20、要求或请求，长晚辈，上下级之间都可使用。Some citizens demand to have a talk with the mayor.The students demand an immediate reply of/from the headmaster.He demands that I should return his book before Friday.“Harry Potter” is in great demand at the moment.17、suffer vt./vi. 遭受Vt. 遭受，蒙受，常跟pain, loss, defeat, grief, insul

21、t, hardship, injustice,disappointment, poverty, hunger等作宾语。vi. suffer from受。之苦，受。损失, 常跟the war, the flood, a headache等作宾语。Suffering n.苦难His company suffered a great loss due to the heavy rain.Recently I often suffer from a headache.Suffering from the war in Iraq, many people fled abroad.18、in respon

22、se to作为。的回应Make /give no response to对。不做回应Have no response in sb. s heart对某人不起作用As a response to=in response toThe film star made no response to the question asked by that reporter.He thought of many reasons in response to his parents question “Why do youcome back so late?”He responded to his boss,

23、“I have given John a months notice.”【听说】When you are in a job interview -BASIC EXPRESSIONS 基本句型表达1) Do you have any questions you want to ask? 你有问题要问吗？2) When will I know your decision? 我何时能知道你们的决定？3) How can we get in touch with you? 我们怎样才能和你取得联系呢？4) I can be reached at my office during work hours

24、and at home in the evening.工作时间我在办公室，晚上我在家，你们都能找到我。5) Thank you for your interest in our company. 谢谢你来参加我们公司的面试。6) Id look forward to hearing from you. 我期待着你的消息。7) Well, thats all for the interview. 好了，面试到此结束。8) And do I need the second interview? 我还需要第二次面试吗？CONVERSATIONS 会话（A=Applicant I=Interviewe

25、r）Dialogue 1I: Do you have any questions you want to ask?A: Yes, Id like to know if there would be any future opportunities for specifictraining.I: If necessary there will be. Any other questions?A: When will I know your decision?I: Well give you our decision in a few days. How can we get in touch w

26、ith you?A: I can be reached at my office during work hours and at home in the evening.My office phone number and home phone number are in my resume (履历).I: Thank you for your interest in our company.A: Thank you, sir. I expect to hear from you as soon as possible.I: Would you please let the next app

27、licant come in on your way out?A: All right. Goodbye.I: 你有什么问题要问吗？A: 有，我想知道贵公司将来是否提供特殊培训的机会。I: 如果需要的话，会有的，还有问题吗？A: 我何时能知道最终结果呢？I: 我们会在几天内通知你我们的最终决定，我们怎样才能和你取得联系呢？A: 工作时间我在办公室，晚上我在家，你们都能找到我。我办公室和家里的电话号码都在我的简历里。I: 非常感谢你来我们公司面试。A: 谢谢你，先生。我期待着能尽快得到您的消息。I: 你出去的时候能通知下一个应聘者进来吗？A: 好的，再见。Dialogue 2I: Well, t

28、hats all for the interview. Thank you for your interest in this job.A: You are welcome. Thank you for taking time out of your busy schedule tointerview me.I: May I call you about our final decision?A: Yes, please. My telephone number is 2314-3818, and you can call me at anytime in the daytime.I: We

29、will get in touch with you by the end of next week.A: Great. I will look forward to hearing from you. And do I need the secondinterview?I: Well notify you if necessary. Goodbye.A: Goodbye.I: 好了，面试到此结束，非常感谢你来面试这份工作。A: 不用谢。也非常感谢你在百忙中抽出时间来面试我。I: 我可以打电话通知你我们的最终决定吗？A: 当然可以了。我的电话号码是：2974-5328，白天任何时候都可以打电话

30、给我。I: 我们会在下周末之前联系你的。A: 好的，我期待着你的消息。那我还需要第二次面试吗？I: 如果有必要我们会通知你的，再见。A: 再见。注解：get in touch with 和取得联系 reach 触及，联系schedule 日程安排表，时刻表 notify 通知 hear from 收到的消息招聘者往往会以以下这些话语结束面试：Im grateful for your concern about the job at our company.我很感激你对我们公司这项工作的关注。Thank you for your concern about our recruitment, We

31、 shall inform you as soon aswe have made our decision.谢谢你对我们招聘工作的关心。我们一做出决定就会立即通知你。We have known something about you. You know, we have to interview severalapplicants before we make our final decision.你的情况我们已经了解了。你知道，在做出最后决定之前我们还要面试几位申请人。面试结束时，应聘者应该礼貌告退。这时无论你心中有多么渴望这份工作，切记不要说“Ireally want this job. When can I contact you about your decision? Pleaseconsider it seriously.” 之类的话，这样只会造成对方的反感。通常典型的面试结束用语是：I look forward to hearing from you.