七年级英语冠词讲解+练习题.docx

1、七年级英语冠词讲解+练习题七年级英语冠词的用法1.冠词的分类冠词可以分为不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（不用冠词）。2.冠词的用法一. 不定冠词的用法不定冠词a (an)表示的意思是“一个”。a用于辅音音素开头的词前；而an则用于元音音素开头的词前。 注意:这里讲的音素指的是发音，不是指辅音字母。1.用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示“一”。 There is an apple on the plate.a. a (an) 虽表示“一个”，但不强调数量，而是强调类别；one则强调数量。例：I bought a computer. 我买了一台电脑。（不是收音机和电视机）I bough

2、t one computer. 我买了一台电脑。 （不是两台）Would you like an ice cream? 来一客冰淇淋好吗？（不是别的食物）She gave one ice cream to them each. 她给他们每人一客冰淇淋。（不是两根）b. 表示数量对比时，要用one, 不用a(an)。我有一支红铅笔，但是他有三支。I have a red pencil, but she has three. （误）I have one red pencil, but she has three. （正）我只需要一美元，但他给了我两美元。I only want a dollar,

3、but he has given me two. （误）I only want one dollar, but he has given me two. （正）2.表示一类人或物。A dog is a cute animal.3.第一次提到某人或某物。This is an English-Chinese dictionary.A girl wants to see you. 一位姑娘要见你。4.用于专有名词前，表示不认识某人A Zhang called you just now. 一位姓张的刚才给你打电话。A Mr. Smith wanted to see you. 有位史密斯先生想要见你。5

4、.表示身份、职业不定冠词用于单数名词前表示身份、职业，尤其用在作表语或补足语的名词前。例：She is a high school teacher. Her name is Li Fang. 她是一位中学教师，名叫李芳。The Whites wanted their daughter to be a musician. 怀特夫妇想要他们的女儿成为音乐家。提示表示某个职位在某一时期内只有一人担任，或表示某人的头衔，则不用冠词。例：He is captain of the team. 他是球队队长。Zhang Fei, monitor of their class, is good at Engl

5、ish. 张飞是他们的班长，英语很棒。6. 用在表示自然现象的名词前这类名词有：rain 雨，wind风, fog雾， snow雪, air空气, storm风暴, snowstorm 暴风雪这类名词前有形容词修饰时，可用不定冠词，表示“一场，一阵，一种”例：A cold wind is blowing from the north. 冷风从北方吹来。There was a heavy rain last night. 昨晚下了一场大雨。A heavy snow is falling outside. 外面正下着大雪。注意：这类名词表示一般物质时，不用冠词。例：Rain falls in su

6、mmer; snow falls in winter. 夏天下雨，冬天下雪。Man cant live without air. 没有空气人不能活。7. 在一些固定搭配中 a lot of/ a little/ a few/ a pair of/ a set of 等二、定冠词的用法定冠词（the）是 this/these/that/those的总称，放在名词前，表示特定的事物或人。定冠词the，在以辅音音素开头的词前读作， 在以元音音素开头的词前读作i。 例：the table 那张桌子 the animal 那只动物1.第二次提到某人或某物，用定冠词theLook! There is a

7、ball under the table. The ball is mine.2.用于指说话双方都知道的事物或人。Please close the door!3.表示世上独一无二的事物。The earth goes around the sun.4.定冠词放在姓氏复数前，表示“一家”。The Greens are from Australia.5.定冠词后接单数名词表示一类人或物。 The dog is a kind of cute animal. 提示 不定冠词+单数名词，不带冠词的复数名词也可表示一类人或物。 例：A car runs faster than a bus. 小汽车比公交车跑

8、得快。 Cars run faster than buses. A dog is a faithful animal. 狗是忠实的动物。 Dogs are faithful animals.6. 定冠词和形容词连用，也可以代表某类人或物。the poor the bad the rich the good7. 演奏某项乐器时，乐器前需加the。如：play the drums/play the piano/ play the violin8.用在表示方向、方位的名词前这类词有：the east东方，the west西方，the south南方，the north北方，the right右边，t

9、he left左边例：The birds are flying to the north. 这些鸟向北方飞去。The moon rises in the east and sets in the west. 月亮从东方升起，在西方落下。The wind was blowing from the south. 风从南方吹来。She lived to the west of the Summer Palace. 她住在颐和园的西边。Walk along the road and take the first turning on the right. 沿着这条路往前走，在第一个路口往右拐。He s

10、tood at the back of the door. 他站在门背后。提示方位词成对使用构成平行结构时，不用定冠词。例：The river is two thousand kilometers long from west to east. 这条河自西向2000公里长。They traveled through the country from south to north. 他们自南向北在这个国家旅行。9.在一些固定搭配中。如：in the morning in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上 all the year round 一年到头三. 名

11、词前不用冠词的情况1 专有名词前不用冠词专有名词前不用定冠词，包括人名、地名、月份、周日、节日等。例：月份January 一月May 周日Monday 星期一Friday 五月October 十月星期五Sunday 星期天季节spring 春天summer 夏天autumn 秋天winter 冬天节日Christmas Day 圣诞节New Years Day 元旦New Years Eve 除夕National Day 国庆节Teachers Day 教师节人名Mary 玛丽Jones 琼斯Mr. Brown 布朗先生Porfessor Smith 史密斯教授地名Asia 亚洲China 中

12、国Britain 英国Beijing 北京New York 纽约Shanghai Road 上海路Tian An Men Square 天安门广场Spring is coming. 春天就要到了。These birds fly to the south in winter. 这些鸟冬天飞往南方。She came on Friday. 她星期五来的。提示a 如果月份、季节名词带有修饰语，表示特定的时间，要加定冠词。季节名词在上下文中表示特定的一段时间，要加定冠词。例：They built the bridge in the spring of 2003. 他们是在2003年的春天修建这座桥的。T

13、he fire broke out on the Friday when they were not at home. 失火是在星期五，当时他们不在家。These animals eat nothing all through the winter. 这些动物整个冬天都不吃东西。b 但要说the Spring Festival（春节），以festival组成的节日名称前要加the.例：the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节the Dragon-boat Festival 端午节2 物质名词表示一般概念时，不用冠词例：Water boils at 100. 水在摄氏100度沸腾。

14、Rice is grown in the south. 南方种水稻。They are short of food. 他们缺少食物。提示a 如果物质名词表示特指或有定语修饰，则要加定冠词。比：Snow is falling hard. 雪正下得很大。The snow in the field has melted. 田里的雪已经融化了。She likes milk very much. 她非常喜欢喝牛奶。The milk in the bottle has gone sour. 瓶里的牛奶酸了。b 物质名词用于表示“一客、一杯、一份、一种、一阵”时，要用不定冠词。例：Id like an ice

15、 cream. 我要一客冰淇淋。A tea and two coffees, please. 请来一杯茶、两杯咖啡。There was a heavy rain this morning. 今天早上下了一场大雨。3 抽象名词表示一般概念时，不用冠词例： Does he like music? 他喜欢音乐吗？Knowledge is power. 知识就是力量。Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。提示a 抽象名词有定语修饰，表示特指时，要加定冠词。例：I like the music of the TV play. 我喜欢这部电视剧中的音乐。b 抽

16、象名词表示“一种，一类，一次，一番，一例”等概念时，要加不定冠词。例：Maths is a science. 数学是一门科学。He lives a happy life. 他过得幸福的生活。She has a good knowledge of English. 她精通英语。Lets go for a swim. 我们去游泳吧。He had a wash first. 他先洗了洗。4 表示一日三餐的名词前不用冠词例：I usually have breakfast at seven. 我通常在七点钟吃早饭。He doesnt have lunch at home. 他通常不在家吃午饭。Dinn

17、er is ready. 饭准备好了。提示a 三餐名词前有定语修饰时，特指某一餐，要用不定冠词。例：We had a wonderful lunch. 我们吃了一顿很丰盛的午餐。They had a nice dinner last night. 他们昨晚吃了一顿丰盛的饭。b 表示某一次具体的餐食，要用定冠词。例：The lunch was cooked well. 那顿午饭做得很好。Did you enjoy the dinner at his house? 他家的饭你喜欢吗？c meal 常同不定冠词连用，泛指一顿饭。例：She cooks a hot meal in the evenin

18、g. 晚上她总会烧一顿热饭。He had a big meal at his uncles. 他在叔叔家大吃了一顿。5 表示体育运动、棋牌的名词前不用冠词例：He plays football after school. 他放学后踢足球。The students are playing basketball over there. 学生们在那边打篮球。He is good at playing chess. 他象棋下得好。They play cards on Sundays. 他们常有星期天打牌。6 表示学科、语言的名词前不用冠词例：She teaches English in a middl

19、e school. 她在一所中学教英语。Chemistry is not easy to learn. 化学不容易学。Can you speak Japanese? 你会说日语吗？We have Chinese and mathematics in the morning. 我们上午学习语文和数学。7 表示称呼语、职位、头衔的名词前不用冠词例：Where are my shoes, mom? 我的鞋在哪里，妈妈？Tom, go and fetch some water. 汤姆，去弄点水来。Now children, listen to me carefully. 孩子们，请认真听我讲。Mr.

20、Xu teaches us maths. 徐老师教我们数学。President Li will come to our class. 李校长将来我们班。He was once mayor of the city. 他曾经是这个市的市长。They made him monitor. 他们让他当班长。John was captain of the team. 约翰是队长。8.某些个体名词，如：school, church, hospital, bed, prison, table等，表示抽象意义或相关的活动时，不加冠词；而如果表示具体地点，则要加定冠词。例：The children go to s

21、chool at seven every morning. 孩子们每天早晨7点钟上学。Father went to the school to see Mr. Chen. 父亲去学校看望陈老师。I go to bed at about eleven. 我大约11点钟睡觉。He sat on the bed and watched TV. 他坐在床上看电视。They are in church now. 他们正在做礼拜。I passed the church on my way home. 我回家的路上经过那个教堂。He was sent to prison for stealing. 他因偷窃

22、而坐牢。At the end of road you can see the prison. 在路的尽头，你能看见那所监狱。The Wangs are at table. 王家一家人在吃饭。Is this the table you bought yesterday? 这就是你昨天买的那张桌子吗？I went to town to do some shopping yesterday. 我昨天进城购物。He was born in the town fifteen years ago. 他15年前出生在那座小城里。He is seriously ill and must be sent to

23、hospital at once. 他病得很重，必须马上送医院。He is going to the hospital to buy some medicine. 他打算去医院买些药。go to college 上大学go to the college 去那所大学（办事）go to (the) market to buy food 上市场买菜on the market 出售提示a. 在cinema, theatre 前常要用定冠词。例：She went to the cinema (/movies) once a week. 她每周看一次电影。They went to the theatre

24、last night. 他们昨晚去看戏了。He prefers the cinema to the theatre. 他喜欢看电影，不喜欢看戏。b. in front of 表示“在前面”，相当于before, 而in the front of 则表示“在某物内部的前部”。例：The driver saw a boy standing in front of the bus. 司机看见一个男孩站在公共汽车的前面。The drive sat in the front of the bus. 司机坐在公共汽车的前部。9.表示一类人或物的复数名词前不用冠词例：Birds are our friend

25、s. 鸟是我们的朋友。We are fond of sports. 我们喜爱运动。Teachers should be kind to their students. 教师应该对学生友善。Boys are usually stronger than girls. 男孩子通常比女孩子力气大。提示表示某一类人或物时，可用下面三种方法：狗是忠实的动物。The dog is a faithful animal. （用定冠词）A dog is a faithful animal. （用不定冠词）Dogs are faithful animals. （用复数形式，不加定冠词）10.名词前有物主代词、指示代

26、词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词所有格时，不可再加冠词。例：这是我的书。This is a my book. （误）This is my book. （正）汤姆的母亲是一位医生。The Toms mother is a doctor. （误）Toms mother is a doctor. （正）Which bus did you take? 你乘哪路公交车？11. 家庭成员mother, father, uncle, aunt 等家庭成员名称前不用冠词.例： Mother is watering the flowers. 妈妈在浇花。Father has gone fishing. 父亲钓鱼去了

27、。Uncle bought a toy for me. 舅舅给我买了一个玩具。Nurse is kissing Baby. 阿姨在亲吻宝宝。零冠词的用法 12. 在固定搭配中，名词前不需要用冠词。如： go to school go to bed sit at table stay in bed趁热打铁一、单项选择。1. He often has _ egg and some milk for breakfast. A. / B. aC. the D. an2. -Whats the trouble with Lingling? -She does not go to_ school and

28、stay in _bed now.A. a; / B. the; theC. /; /D. /; a3. -Do you have _ dictionary?-No， but Lucy has _ new dictionary on the bookshelf.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; aD. a; a4. _ earth is round.A. A B. An C. The D. /5. There is _ “L” in the word “LUCK”.A. a B. the C. an D. /二. 句子改错。每句中有一个错误，请改正。1. We wai

29、t here for half a hour.2. Students often play the football after school.3. They often have a supper in a restaurant.4. Smiths are talking happily.5. Are you from the America? 6. Panda live in China.7. On the Sunday we dont go to school.专题训练。1. I hope you have _ happy day today.A. a B. an C. the D. /

30、2. _ Whites are having dinner together.A. A B. The C. An D. /3 There is _ orange and some pineapples in the basket.A. the B. / C. a D. an4. Lisa has _ hat. _ hat is very beautiful.A. a; A B. an; AC. a; The D. an; /5. Im watching_ movie. It is about_ interesting love story.A. a; anB. a; aC. the; theD.