动词知识点总结.docx

1、动词知识点总结动词知识点总结1.【非谓语动词学问点急用写作业啊 非谓语动词用法： （一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具出名词、描述词、副词的特征. 1.不定式的形式：（以动词write为例） 否定式：not + (to) do (1)一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后， 例如： Im glad to meet you. He seems to know a lot. We plan to pay a visit. He wants to be an artist. The patient asked to be operated on at onc

2、e. The teacher ordered the work to be done. (2)进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. (3)完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： I regretted to have told a lie. I happened to have seen the film. He is pleased to have met his friend. 2.不定式的句

3、法功能： （1）作主语： To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose your heart means failure. 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose your heart. (2)作表语： Her job is to clean the hall. He appears to have caught a cold. (3)作宾语： 常

4、与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer， 假如不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如： I have no choice but to stay here. He did nothing last Su

5、nday but repair his bike. 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如： He gave us some advice on how to learn English. (4)作宾语补足语： 在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite. 此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如： With a lot of wor

6、k to do, he didnt go to the cinema. 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to， 如： I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road. (5)作定语： 动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系： 动宾关系： I have a meeting to attend. 留意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词假如是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如： He found a

7、 good house to live in. The child has nothing to worry about. What did you open it with？ 假如不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词： He has no place to live. This is the best way to work out this problem. 假如不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用自动式也可用被动式： Have you got anything to send? Have you got anything to be sent？ 说明所修饰名

8、词的内容： We have made a plan to finish the work. 被修饰名词是不定式规律主语： He is the first to get here. (6)作状语： 表目的： He worked day and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 留意不定式放句首时，规律主语与句子主语要全都： wrong:To save money, every means has been tried. right:To save money, he has tried every

9、means. wrong:To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right:To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 表结果： He arrived late to find the train gone. 常用only放在不定式前表示强调： I visited him only to find him out. 表缘由： They were very sad to hear the news. 表程度： Its too dark for us to see anything. The q

10、uestion is simple for him to answer. (7)作独立成分： To tell you the truth, I dont like the way he talked. (8)不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词. If you dont want to do it, you dont need to. (9)不定式的并列：其次个不定式可省略to. He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. （二）动名词： 动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具出名词的句法功能. 1.动名词的形式： 否定式：not + 动名词 （1

11、）一般式： Seeing is believing. 眼见为实. （2）被动式： He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会. （3）完成式： We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影. （4）完成被动式： He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他遗忘五岁时曾被带到广州去过. （5）否定式：not + 动名词 I regret not following his advice.

12、我懊悔没听他的劝说. （6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词全部格）+ 动名词 He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次. His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来很多麻烦. 2.动名词的句法功能： （1）作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的. Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很好玩. 当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语. Its no use 。 2.【动词归纳动词的分类】 一.描述

13、词、副词的比较级和最高级在表示比较的时候，会消失三种状况：同级比较，差别比较和最高级比较.同级比较的结构是：as。 as。，意思是“和一样”. 例如： He is as tall as his father. 他和他的父亲一样高. He gets up as early as Tom every day. 他每天和汤姆起得一样早. Special tips: as。 as。的两头要用描述词或副词的原形. 这个句子结构的否定形式表达的意思是“不如后者”. 例如： The pen is not as dear as that one. 这支钢笔没有那支贵.差别比较的结构是：。 than。，意思是“

14、比更”. 例如： Today is colder than yesterday. 今日比昨天冷. Cars run faster than bikes. 汽车比自行车跑得快. Special tips： （一） 在指代两者当中的某个特征更明显的对象时，可以用the来特定化.例如：He is the taller of the twins.他是双胞胎中比较高的那个. （二） 某个描述词或副词的比较级形式可以通过and连接起来，表示“越来越”.例如：It becomes older and older.它变得越来越老.He walks more and more quickly.他走得越来越快.

15、（三） the + 某一描述词或副词的比较级 + the + 某一描述词或副词的比较级，表示“越，就越”.例如：The more exercise you do,the healthier you will be.熬炼得越多，你就越健康.The warmer it gets,the more people you can see in the street.天越温和，你就会在街上看到越多的人. （四） 固定结构like。 better than。表示的意思是指“与（后者）相比较更喜爱（前者）”.例如：I like ice water better than coke.与可乐相比我更喜爱冰水.最

16、高级比较的是表示在某个范围内（不少于三个对象）某个对象具有最突出的特征，它常和among,in,of连用. 例如： He works the most carefully among his classmates. 在他的同学当中他干活最细心. The red one is the best of all. 红色的是最好的.二.一般过去时态 一般过去时态表示在过去某个时间发生的事情或动作，强调与现在的对比.我们需要把动词变成过去时态.变成否定形式时，只需在动词前加一个didnt，然后把动词变成原形就可以了. 例如： He left 4 hours ago. 他在四个钟头前离开了. He didnt know how to say it in English. 他不晓得用英语怎样说. Special tips： 我们需要特殊留意不规章动词的过去式形式.三.一般将来时态 一般将来时态表示的是将要发生或准备要做的事情.结构有二种：1.主语+be going to + 动