404010239罗晶.docx

1、404010239罗晶20202021学年度第1学期期末考试嵌入式系统原理及应用任课教师：李永 姓 名：罗晶学 号：2017404010239班 级：17计算机科学与技术2班20202021学年度第1学期期末考试嵌入式系统原理及应用评分表姓名罗晶学号2017404010239评价项目评价指标分值得分文献内容、翻译、综述及课程总结文献信息量大、有一定难度、内容较新40翻译流畅，专业术语应用恰当40阅读体会与文献相关度高20总 分Research on Software and Hardware Design of Embedded System With the progress of the

2、times and the improvement of science and technology, computer technology is becoming more and more mature and perfect, and gradually developing towards embedded computer technology. In this case, embedded system has been paid more and more attention and widely used. In embedded system, collaborative

3、 design is one of the most important open ways. It can analyze the function of hardware and software synthetically, excavate its inherent potential, and promote the system to run efficiently.The description of embedded system is mainly from two aspects, one is performance, the other is function. In

4、the process of system description, not only one language can be used, but also many languages can be used. At the same time, this description process is also the establishment of software model and system hardware model. In the description of embedded system, in order to reduce the problems in the i

5、nitial stage of hardware and software collaborative design, it is necessary to do a good job of testing the behavior in the system. On the one hand, it can be unreasonable in the first time design; the other side provides guarantee for the safe and reliable operation of the system. The system descri

6、ption needs to be supported by the system model, and in order to describe correctly, it should be ensured that the model includes four elements. First, the functional characteristics, that is, the functions of embedded systems, should focus on the function and the system input and output relationshi

7、p. The second is the performance description. In the system model, the integration of this factor can comprehensively reflect the overall structure of the system, and need to explain the relationship between the input and output of the system. The third is the constraint condition, which not only ex

8、plains the performance defects of embedded system, but also reasonably prescribes the requirements in the working environment of the system. The fourth is the technical index, which can explain the problems and quality of the system, and lay a good foundation for the design work.Software and hardwar

9、e synthesis technology is one of the most important technologies in the software and hardware collaborative design of embedded system, and plays an important role in the general design of software and hardware system. On the basis of systematic inspection and evaluation of its design results, detail

10、ed system production can be carried out according to the design requirements, and hardware and software design can be carried out to ensure its coordination and consistency. It is of great significance to improve the efficiency of the whole system.The function division of hardware and software is ma

11、inly scientific and reasonable division of software and hardware and embedded system functions, and the relationship between them is clarified. Among them, cost function is one of the main bases of software and hardware function division. In the application of cost function, we need to consider many

12、 factors. For example, concurrency between modules, software execution time, etc.Collaborative simulation and system test verification need to use hardware description language to describe embedded system hardware system in coordinating simulation and system test verification. In order to effectivel

13、y complete the design work and meet the design requirements, it is necessary to apply the method of software and hardware reasonably in order to create a good environment for the next design work. It can not only improve the design efficiency and quality, but also reduce the design cost and ensure g

14、ood economic benefits.With the wide application of embedded systems, new system design methods emerge in endlessly, among which hardware and software collaborative design method is the most important one, which has been recognized internationally. It belongs to a standard software and hardware descr

15、iption method. It is helpful to meet the requirements of hardware and software collaborative design of embedded system at present. The design methods are as follows: first, based on finite state automata. In the collaborative design of software and hardware of embedded system, this method can not on

16、ly describe its own behavior effectively, but also describe the software model and hardware model in detail. At the same time, the method based on finite state automata can scientifically divide the hardware and software of embedded system, and then integrate it to explain the actual transformation

17、process. However, this method has some limitations, mainly because its applicability is not very strong, generally speaking, it is not suitable for the development of large-scale embedded control system. second, based on the VHDL approach. By contrast, it is convenient and quick to use this method t

18、o describe the hardware and software collaborative design of embedded system. In the actual description, the system function is usually described as a process affected by the VHDL characteristics, which also plays an important role in the evaluation of the system function, so it not only helps to im

19、prove the reliability of the embedded system, but also ensures that it has good maneuverability and can efficiently transform the research and development content. Third, the division method based on genetic algorithm. In the software and hardware system design of embedded system, the division metho

20、d based on genetic algorithm can be used to study group local optimization, spatial coding and so on from different aspects. Through scientific analysis and calculation, the software and hardware division can be carried out effectively. The completion of the division work requires the help of geneti

21、c operation and the system debugging through genetic algorithm, which can not only reduce the design cost, but also improve the scientific design. At the same time, in the process of division, once there is a division problem, the corresponding algorithm can be used to solve the problem in time. Fou

22、rth, formal verification method. Using this method, it is necessary to establish the corresponding mathematical model according to the requirements of hardware and software design of embedded system. In order to ensure the correctness of the system and make the performance within the qualified range

23、, it is necessary to apply the corresponding algorithm reasonably. The formal verification method has the unique advantage of accurate algorithm. However, in the design of embedded system hardware and software system, its utilization rate is not very high, mainly because it can not meet the hardware

24、 requirements. Therefore, in the design, it is only used as a system verification method to judge whether the system is correct or not.In short, the software and hardware collaborative design of embedded system is one of the widely used topics. Collaborative design methods mainly include formal veri

25、fication method, VHDL、 finite state automata method and genetic algorithm based partition method. In the design of all kinds of embedded systems, the use of collaborative design method is helpful to reduce the design cost, allocate the existing resources reasonably, ensure the scientific design, and

26、 promote the efficient operation of the system.嵌入式系统的软硬件设计研究随着时代的进步，科学技术水平提升，计算机技术日益成熟和完善，逐渐朝着嵌入式计算机技术方向发展。在这种情况下，嵌入式系统越来越受关注和重视，并得到了广泛应用。在嵌入式系统中，协同设计是最关键的开放方式之一，能够对软硬件的功能进行综合分析，挖掘其内在的潜能，促使系统高效运行。系统描述对嵌入式系统的描述主要是从两方面出发的，一是性能方面，另一种是功能方面。在系统描述过程中，不仅可以采用一种语言，也可以采用多种语言。同时，这一描述过程也是对软件模型和系统硬件模型的建立过程。在进行嵌入

27、式系统描述时，为了减少软硬件协同设计初期中问题的出现，需要做好系统内行为的测试工作。一方面，可以在第一时间发设计中不合理的地方；另一方为系统安全、可靠运行提供了保证。系统描述需要以系统模型为支撑，为了进行正确的描述，应该确保该模型包括四个元素。一是功能特点，也就是指嵌入式系统的各项功能，同时应该重点明确功能和系统的输入和输出关系。第二是性能描述，在系统模型中，融入这一因素，能够比较全面的反映系统的整体结构，并且需要说明系统输入与输出的联系。第三是约束条件，该要素不仅对嵌入式系统性能缺陷进行了说明，而且还合理的对系统工作环境中的要求进行了规定。第四是技术指标，其能够对系统存在的问题、质量好坏进行

28、说明，为设计工作开展奠定良好基础。软硬件综合技术在嵌入式系统的软硬件协同设计中，软硬综合技术是最重要的技术之一，在软硬件系统的大体设计方面发挥着重要作用。在对其设计结果进行系统检测评价的基础上，可以根据设计要求，有针对性的开展细致的系统制作工作，并且进行软硬件的设计，确保其协调一致，进而可提升设计的科学性，对整个系统运行效率提高具有重要意义。软硬件功能划分在进行软硬件功能划分工作中，主要是科学合理的划分软硬件和嵌入式系统功能，并对二者的关系进行明确。其中，成本函数是软硬件功能划分的主要依据之一。在运用成本函数方面时，需要考虑多方面因素。例如，模块之间的并发性、软件执行时间等。协同仿真和系统测试

29、验证在协调仿真和系统测试验证方面，需要借助硬件描述语言进行嵌入式系统硬件系统的描述工作。为了有效完成设计工作，满足设计要求，需要对软件搭配硬件的方法进行合理的应用，以便为接下来的设计工作创造良好的环境，不仅能够在整体上提高设计效率与质量，而且还能减少设计成本，确保良好的经济效益。在嵌入式系统广泛应用的今天，新的系统设计方法也层出不穷，其中软硬件协同设计方法是最主要的一种，得到了国际认可，它属于一种合乎规范的软硬件描述方法，有利于满足现阶段嵌入式系统软硬件协同设计要求。其具体设计方法主要有以下几种：第一，基于有限态自动机的方法。在嵌入式系统软硬件协同设计中，运用该方法，不仅能够对自身行为进行有效

30、的描述，而且还可以比较详细的描述软件模型和硬件模型。与此同时，基于有限态自动机的方法可以科学的进行嵌入式系统软硬件的划分，并在此基础上进行整合，对实际转化过程进行说明。但该方法存在着一定的局限性，主要是因为其适用性不是很强，一般来说其不适合应用于大规模嵌入式控制系统的开发。第二，基于VHDL方法。相对而言，运用该方法进行嵌入式系统软硬件协同设计的描述，具有方便快捷的优势。在实际描述中，通常情况下会将系统功能描述为VHDL特性影响的进程，在系统功能评估方面也发挥着重要作用，因此不仅有利于提高嵌入式系统的可靠性，而且还能确保其具有良好的可操作性，可以高效的进行研究开发内容的转换。第三，基于遗传算法

31、的划分方法。在嵌入式系统软硬件系统设计中，采用基于遗传算法的划分方法，可以从不同方面研究群体局部优化、空间编码等，通过科学的分析计算，能够有效进行软件和硬件划分。其划分工作的完成，需要借助遗传操作的方式，并通过遗传算法进行系统调试工作，既能促使设计成本降低，又能提高设计科学性。同时，在划分过程中，一旦出现划分问题，也可以运用相应的算法及时解决问题。第四，形式化的验证方法。运用该方法，需要依据嵌入式系统软硬件设计的要求，建立相应的数学模型。在进行系统判断时，还需要对相应算法进行合理的应用，以便确保系统的正确性，使各项性能在合格的范围之内。相对而言，形式化的验证方法具有算法精确的独特优势。但在嵌入

32、式系统软硬件系统设计中，其使用率不是很高，主要是因为其无法满足硬件需求。因此，在设计中，只是将其作为一种系统的验证方法，判断系统的正确与否。总之，嵌入式系统的软硬件协同设计是当前应用广泛的课题之一。协同设计具体方法主要有形式化的验证方法、基于VHDL、有限态自动机的方法和基于遗传算法的划分方法。在各类嵌入式系统设计中，运用协同设计方法，有利于降低设计成本，对现有资源进行合理配置，确保设计科学性，可以促使系统高效运行。Development and Application Analysis of Embedded SystemEmbedded system in the development process, must first develop process planning for development. Generally speaking, the process of embedded system basically includes the following steps: requirement analysis, specification, architecture design, software and hardware platform selection,