中考短文填空解题技巧.docx

1、中考短文填空解题技巧中考短文填空解题技巧I首字母填空题解题技巧字母填空题主要考察学生正确理解和书写英语单词。解答这种题需要平时扎实地打好根底，单词拼写要过关，擅长分析句子构造，纯熟各种词形首的变化，动词时态形式的变化，非谓语动词的运用等，另外，掌握必要的阅读技巧，也很重要。一 跳过空格，通读短文，理解大意根据首字母填空的题型，实际上相当于完形填空，必须先快速通读全文，尽量理解文章的主要内容，再仔细揣摩需要填词的句子，只有完全理解全句的意思，才能准确填写单词。二. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。1 利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义.2再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其

2、在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再根据词语搭配和语法规那么，判断所填的词的正确形式。例如，单，复数、形容词，副词的级别、时态、语态、语气及非谓语动词的形式等，要特别注意时态的照应及主谓一致。三.通读短文，检查答案。II、动词填空题解题技巧动词填空主要用来测试考生对动词和非谓语动词形式、语态及主谓一致等知识的掌握情况。因此，掌握好动词的各种形式及其用法是做此类题的关键。我们可以从以下几方面着手：一、确定正确的时态1根据句中的时间状语来确定时态。例如，如今完成时的时间状语：already, yet, ever, never, just, before, for, since+时间点；sin

3、ce+过去时态的句子, so far, by now, in/during the last/past few years etc2注意时态照应。在主从复合句中，主句谓语与从句谓语动词的时态是互相照应的。1在宾语从句中，假如主句是一般如今时，从句根据需要选用任何时态；假如主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去的某种时态；假如从句表达的是一个客观事实不管主句是何种时态，从句仍用一般如今时。2在状语从句中，假如主句是一般将来时，或是祈使句，或是含情态动词的句子，时间和条件状语从句中要用一般如今时表示将来发生的动作。3根据上下文确定时态。有时句子没有明显的时间状语，也不能用时态照应规那么来对照，这时就可以根

4、据上下文内容来判断时间关系，确定时态。如：如： “Youve certainly touched my heart with your choices. And Im sure the Five Friendlies_(touch) the heart of the world.句意是“你以你的选择已经震撼了我的心，我相信这五个福娃将会给世人带来震撼。后句是笔者对美妙事物的祝愿，所以应用一般将来时。二、确定正确的语态我们在考虑时态的同时，也要考虑语态。当句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者时，用被动语态；反之用主动语态。如：“They _(choose) carefully by Beijing

5、2021 to represent.注意：不及物动词或相当于不及物动词的短语动词如listen，sleep，take place, happen，get up，grow up，break out，come in等没有被动语态。如Great changes have taken place in the last few years.The war broke out many years ago但是，当“不及物动词介副词构成的短语动词其作用相当于及物动词时，那么有被动语态。The children are looked after well三、确定非谓语动词的形式假如所给的动词在句子中不作谓语

6、，就应该考虑用动词的非谓语动词形式。1 want，hope，wish，decide，would like，agree, learn, plan, choose, manage, offer to do2在enjoy，finish，mind，be busy，be worth，feel like，whathow about，cant help，practice，have funproblems ,miss, give up, suggest, look forward to, succeed in, pay attention to, keep, be worth, allow -ing3tell

7、, ask, order, encourage, advise, teach, want, wish, allow sb to do4.remember, forget, stop, try, mean, love, like, need, go on, continue, be used to do/doing5.感官动词和使役动词feel sb do/doinglisten to, hear sb do/doingmake, let, have sb do (have sth done)look at, watch, see, notice sb do/doing在被动语态中用to do例

8、题讲解Step1：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。(1) 对主语的判断1. _ are helpful to students. ( teach )2. _ is more important to me than money. ( healthy )3. Some famous _ are going to give lectures in our university in August. ( science)4. _ is my favorite sport. ( fish )5. _ stam

9、ps is my hobby. ( collect )Key: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. scientists 4. Fishing 5. Collecting分析：以上练习中，所填的词均为句子的主语。主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词(1-3);动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或动名词(4-5)。此外，形容词前加the以及带连词的句子也可作主语。例如：The rich are not always happy. 句中the rich 指“有钱人，因此可以作主语。What I wanted was just your help. 句中What I wa

10、nted是一个带有连词what的句子，因此也可以作主语。 (2) 对谓语的判断John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c_ over to him. “My boy, she a_ , “Is your father at home? “Yes, a_ John. The woman b_ ringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_ back to John and s_ angrily, “Didnt you s_

11、 that your father was at home? “I did, answered John, “but this i_ my house.Key: came asked answered began turned said say isnt分析：语篇中的所缺词均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，而且在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓构造中同时出现两个或两个以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的互相关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在纯熟掌握相关知识的根底上，才能作出正确的判断。平时练习和周练中，我经常让学生做些“用动词的适当形式填空练习，有助于对动词形式的判断。(3) 对宾

12、语的判断1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast _ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city. ( develop )2. The front is in great need of medical _.( work )3. Thank you for your _. ( kind )4. At last he sold his _. ( invent )Key: 1. development 2. workers 3. kindness 4. invention(s)分析：宾语是动作的承受者，

13、分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同和主语的词性一样，单是假如代词作宾语时就必须用其宾格。(4) 对表语的判断1. It is _ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible)2. The sick man is getting _. ( ill )3. Patrick is going to be a(n) _ when he grows up.(engine)4. Such cold weather is quite _ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again. (

14、 usually )5. Its a _ to have a picnic with all the members. (please )Key: 1. impossible 2. worse 3. engineer 4. unusual 5. pleasure分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词, 介词短语。假如是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。(5) 对定语的判断1. The _ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally)2. On a _ night,

15、 you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly)3. In _ weather, the old had better stay at home. (freeze )4. The French artist said, “It is my _ time to visit Shanghai. I lovethis city so much. ( one )5. Most people dont like _ food. ( freeze )6. Who is your _ teacher? ( chemical )Key: (1) fi

16、nal (2) clear (3) freezing (4) first (5) frozen (6) chemistry分析:定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用处。如：stamp show / physics teacher。假如是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。(6) 对状语的判断1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to HongKong so _ (easy)2. Wat

17、ch _, and you will find the difference between the two pictures.( care )3. After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed _ at last. ( safe )Key : (1) easily (2) carefully (3) safely分析：状语是说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，条件和伴随情况的成分。词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语。假如是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 d

18、one 的形式。(7) 对连词的判断1. Work harder, _ youll make great progress in English.2. My job is to protect the innocent _ find the guilty.3. _ you _ he can go to the cinema, but you cannot go together because I have only one ticket.4. Can you tell me _ you are from?5. Ill give you a call _ I get to Japan.Key:

19、 (1)and (2) as well as (3) Eitheror (4) where (5) as soon as分析：在英语中, 并列连词and, but, or, so , not onlybut also, either or, neithernor, as well as, both and等连接并列的词,词组和句子; 而附属连词那么连接主句与从句。Step2：在牢记了七种句子成分与十种词性的对应关系之后，多做综合的“用所给单词的正确形式填空，有利于进步对句子成分的判断才能。纯熟掌握词性转化的技巧是通向首字母填空的第二步。Step3：锻炼自己的发散和归纳思维的才能，或称为“猜谜的

20、才能。Exercise : Guess the missing word.1. _ are helpful to students.2. _ are helpful to students. They give them knowledge.3. _ are helpful to students. In class they teach them knowledge and afterclass they care for them like parents.4. _ are helpful to students. They keep them healthy.分析：按顺序做你会不假思索地

21、得出答案，1-4均为Teachers，全部解完后再考虑，似乎第一题答案不仅仅只有Teachers。按判断主语的结论，凡名词，只要符合逻辑，都可作为第一题的答案，你会发现Books也可，继而得出结论：“一切有益于学生的复数名词均为正确答案，如：Exercises、Doctors、Police、Parents。第二题受后一句knowledge的限制，答案要少一些，如：Teachers、Books，第三题限制更多，从“care for判断主语只能是人，即: Teachers。第四题受healthy的限制，最好填Doctors / Nurses。以上练习说明解短文填空需要如下技能：1. 对所缺词的句子

22、成分必须作出准确判断，然后填入正确的词性，即必须纯熟掌握句子成分与词性的对应关系。2. 必须训练自己扩散性思维才能，如同猜谜，因为词义确实定依靠着对句中限制性信息的判断得出。3. 良好的语法根本功。在确定完词性与词义后，名词单复数、形容词的比拟等级和动词时态确实定等等建立在良好的语法根本功之上。Step4：对词性、词义、词形的准确判断阶段，即综合运用阶段Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_ the school soon. The s_ in his class have given h_ a lot of p_. Among t_ are cards, note-b

23、ooks, photos and books. Most of the cards are m_ by the students themselves.Photos will h_ Mr. Wu remember the happy t_ when he was with his students. Next week, t_ will have a p_ to s _ goodbye to him.分析：通读短文以后发现Mr. Wu 是一位教师。从old 可推断他不久要退休了,所以“l_ 应为谓语动词 leaving ;“s_ 是第三句的主语, 结合 have 判断为 students; “

24、h_是give 的宾语, 判断为him ;“p_ 的内容是 cards, note-books , 所以判断为名词presents; “t_ 是介词among 的宾语, 应为them ; “m_ 处于be done by 的构造中, 应为过去分词made;“h_ 位于情态动词will 之后, 应为动词原形help;“t_ 是remember 的宾语, 并且受到happy 的修饰应为 time;“t_ 是主语, 名词或代词 teachers / they;“p_ 是have的宾语, 前面有冠词, 所以是名词party;“s_ 前有 to, 分析成分为目的状语 to do 即 to say。Ste

25、p5：熟能生巧阶段。 要做到举重假设轻，必须在前四步的根底上作长期系统的训练，把上述知识演化为解题技能。【2021上海】C. Fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词， 使其内容通顺， 每空格限填一词，首字母已给 14 分Its a common school day at Southern Cross School near the famous Kruger National Park in South Africa. Teachers and pupils dont sit in a classroom. I 81 , the

26、y go through the forest or sit under the trees.The school teaches students all the same s 82 as the rest of the countrys schools, but the teaching methods are completely different. Southern Cross uses nature as a teaching tool. The teachers and their pupils go out into nature and work with animals a

27、nd plants. These can be used to study a 83 from maths and social sciences to languages. The school is in an area where animals live wild and can be hunted. To get to class, students travel a road through the forest that wild animals use as well.The classroom for small preschoolers is a little differ

28、ent from the rest of the school. For example, the first lesson of the day is maths, but the teaching method is very s 84 . In this school you wont hear a teacher saying “Count how many apples Jane has in her basket. Actually, the children visit a nearby river to count the number of marks left by ani

29、mals. This way they can see how many different animals come to d 85 during the night.The students are encouraged to take care of the injured and small animals. If they find a dead animal in the area, they study where the animal fits in the foot chain and how and why it d 86 .The headmaster says, “We

30、 must make people understand what we are doing to the e 87 . We need to care for our planet.81.Instead 82.subjects 83.anything/all 84.special 85.drink 86.died 87.earth/environment 【2021 湖北武汉】先阅读短文，再在其后空白处写出各单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母已给出。 I wanted to buy a pair of sports shoes for a long time. I had spent months saving up the money to buy them and I finally had e 76 . Last Saturday my friend Jack wanted to buy