中考现在完成时总结突破.docx

1、中考现在完成时总结突破中考现在完成时总结【突破】【现在完成时】一、现在完成时的基本机构： 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词二、动词的过去分词的构成规则：1.规则动词的过去分词的构成方式：(1)大多数动词加edfinished(2)以-e结尾的动词加dchanged(3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的动词去掉y加iedcarried(4)最后三个字母是辅元辅的动词双写最后一个辅音字母加edstopped2.不规则动词的一般过去式与过去分词：【必须要牢记下来！】动词的基本形式一般过去式形式过去分词形式1)amwasbeen2)arewerebeen3)beatbeatbeaten4)becomebe

2、camebecome5)beginbeganbegun6)betbetbet7)blowblewblown8)breakbrokebroken9)bringbroughtbrought10)buildbuiltbuilt11)burnburntburntburnedburned12)buyboughtbought13)catchcaughtcaught14)choosechosechosen15)comecamecome16)costcostcost17)cutcutcut18)dealdealtdealt19)digdugdug20)dodiddone21)drawdrewdrawn22)d

3、reamdreamtdreamtdreameddreamed23)drinkdrankdrunk24)drivedrovedriven25)eatateeaten26)fallfellfallen27)feedfedfed28)feelfeltfelt29)fightfoughtfought30)findfoundfound31)flyflewflown32)forgetforgotforgotten33)getgotgot34)givegavegiven35)gowentgone36)growgrewgrown37)hang(悬挂)hunghung38)have/hashadhad39)he

4、arheardheard40)hidehidhidden41)hithithit42)holdheldheld43)hurthurthurt44)keepkeptkept45)knowknewknown46)laylaidlaid47)leadledled48)learnlearntlearntlearnedlearned49)leaveleftleft50)lendlentlent51)letletlet52)lie(躺)laylain53)lightlitlitlightedlighted54)loselostlost55)makemademade56)meanmeantmeant57)m

5、eetmetmet58)mistakemistookmistaken59)paypaidpaid60)putputput61)readreadread62)rideroderidden63)ringrangrung64)riseroserisen65)runranrun66)saysaidsaid67)seesawseen68)sellsoldsold69)sendsentsent70)setsetset71)shakeshookshaken72)shineshoneshone73)showshowedshowedshowedshown74)shutshutshut75)singsangsun

6、g76)sitsatsat77)sleepsleptslept78)smellsmeltsmeltsmelledsmelled79)speakspokespoken80)speedspeededspeededspedsped81)spellspeltspeltspelledspelled82)spendspentspent83)spreadspreadspread84)standstoodstood85)stealstolestolen86)stickstuckstuck87)sweepsweptswept88)swimswamswum89)taketooktaken90)teachtaugh

7、ttaught91)telltoldtold92)thinkthoughtthought93)throwthrewthrown94)understandunderstoodunderstood95)wakewokewoken96)wearworeworn97)winwonwon98)writewrotewritten三、现在完成时涉及到的四大句型：1.肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+宾语(或者其他).2.否定句:主语+have not/has not+动词的过去分词+宾语.3.一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+宾语(或者其他)?肯定回答：Yes, 主语+hav

8、e/has.否定回答：No, 主语+havent/hasnt.4.特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+have或者has引导的一般疑问句四、现在完成时的用法：1.表示某个动作对现在所产生的影响或结果。如：I havent had my breakfast yet. 我还没吃早饭呢。2.表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，延续到现在，也许还要延续下去。这时往往和表示一段时间的状语连用，并且for+时间段，since+过去的时间点。如：He has taught in this school for over 20 years. 他在这个学校教书已经二十多年了。He has taught in this sc

9、hool since 1985. 从1985年以来他就一直在这所学校教书。注意：如果短暂性动词在现在完成时中想要与一段时间连用，表达这个动作或状态延续了多长时间的话，我们要将这些短暂性动词转化为延续性动词。 【常用的一些短暂性动词的转化】动词表达延续性的状态例句begin/starthave/has been onThe film has been on for 20 minutes.finish/stophave/has been overThe parade has been over for e/go/arrivehave/has been in/atKitty has been in

10、Hong Kong for two days. leavehave/has been awayShe has been away from home since last Tuesday.borrowhave/has keptShe has kept this book since last week.join have/has been inhave/has been a member ofhave been members ofSimon has been a member of the Football Club since last year.marryhave/has been ma

11、rriedThey have been married for 15 years.diehave/has been deadThe fish have been dead for some time.catch a coldhave/has had a coldI have had a cold for two days.buyhave/has hadShe has had this car since .openhave/has been openThe shop has been open for seven hours.closehave/has been closedThe shop

12、has been closed for thirty minutes.fall illhave/has been illHer grandfather has been ill since three days ago.fall asleephave/has been asleepThey have been asleep for two hours.3.我们也使用现在完成时来谈论到现在为止一个动作发生了几次。如：I have been to Japan once.我去过一次日本。I have already read this book many times.这本书我已经读过许多遍了。五、现

13、在完成时的时态中容易出现的几个标志词：副词词义例句(1)already已经I have already done my homework. 我已经做完作业了。(2)yet否定句: 放在句末 “还(没)”疑问句: 放在句末 “已经” I havent had breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早饭呢。Have you had breakfast yet? 你已经吃早饭了吗？(3)ever曾经Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗？(4)never从来没有Ive never been to Shanghai. 我从来没有去过上海。(5)just刚刚Iv

14、e just had breakfast. 我刚刚吃完早饭。(6)before放在句末, 表示“以前”Ive seen it before. 我以前见过这个。六.辨析：【have/has been to have/has gone to have/has been in/at】 （1）have/has been to意为“曾经去过某地”，现在已不在那里了，后可接次数，如once, twice, three times等，表示“去过某地几次了”。如：My father has been to Beijing twice. 我父亲去过北京两次了。I have never been here bef

15、ore. 我以前从未来过这里。（2）have/has gone to 意为“到某地去了”，说话时该人不在现场。如：Mr Wang isnt there. He has gone to Qingdao. 王先生不在这里，他去青岛了。（3）have/has been in/at表示“在某地待了多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。注意：in后面接大地点 at后面接小地点如：I have been in Shanghai for three years. 我待在上海已经有三年了。My mother has been at this company since 2016. 我妈妈自从2016年就在这

16、家公司了。七、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1.侧重点不同：(1)一般过去时侧重于过去的动作，与现在无关。如：I read this book last weekend.(仅仅说明昨天看了这本书，与现在没有关系。）(2)现在完成时侧重于过去的动作对现在的影响。如：I have read this book. （说明现在我已经了解了这本书了。）2.连用的时间状语不同：(1)与一般过去时连用的时间状语是：。just now, yesterday, last., .ago, in+年份等。(2)与现在完成时连用的时间状语是：already,yet,still,so far,in the last/p

17、ast., before,ever, never,since,for等。二、英语书面表达专项训练2马上要初中毕业了，大家都是依依不舍的。班主任决定在下周举办一场“My Life At School” 主题 班会 , 邀请全班同学参加。请你根据以下提示，写一篇发言稿。美好的回忆1.与同学融洽相处； 2.得到老师的帮助；3.获得交换生机会； 4.参加志愿者活动。不开心的事情1.好朋友李华转学； 2.不擅长语文写作。未来展望1. 升上理想的学校；2. 能结识更多朋友；3. 请你补充(至少两点)My Life At SchoolHow time flies! Its unbelievable that

18、 Im going to graduate from my beloved school. 【答案】My Life At SchoolHow time flies! Its unbelievable that Im going to graduate from my beloved school. There are many things to remember. In the junior school, I got along well with my classmates. The teachers are very friendly and they are ready to hel

19、p me. The most unforgettable thing is that I got a chance of becoming an exchange students and spent two months in Australia. I learned a lot from the experience. I also remember I served as volunteer to help others. Certainly, there were also unhappy things. My good friend Li Hua went to another sc

20、hool. I was very sad. Luckily, we kept in touch with each other through emails. Besides, I was not good at Chinese writing. I hope I can go to a dream school and make more new friends. I also wish I can do better in all subjects when I am in high school and can go to a good college.【解析】【详解】这篇作文要求我们以

21、My Life At School为题，写一篇发言稿。题目中利用表格的形式，展示了文章的具体内容，学生们可以此为提纲进行写作。审题可知，这篇短文应主要使用一般现在时和一般过去时，注意根据表达需要使用正确时态，并注意谓语动词的正确形式。内容应主要包括三部分：首先是初中三年里的美好回忆；然后是不开心的事情；最后展望自己未来的高中生活。表格中有非常具体的提示，但不能逐词翻译表格中的短语，应把他们变成自己的话，并用英语表达出来。写作时应注意：文章中应包括表格中的所有信息，不能遗漏要点；第三部分的内容中还需要自己发挥想象力进行补充，注意应合情合理，与上文很好地衔接。另外注意句式结构要符合英语的表达习惯，

22、用完整的句子表达。句式结构可以简单句为基础，穿插并列句、复合句以及其他复杂句式的使用，提升作文档次。同时语句之间使用适当的连接成分，使文意连贯、自然。【点睛】这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求，回忆了自己的初中生活，并展望了未来。短文有以下几个特点：首先文章内容完整，结构清晰。短文分三段，第一段基本是题目中给出的开头，作者使用一句话引出下文；第二段是主体，介绍了过去美好的回忆以及不开心的事情；最后一段对未来进行了展望。各部分内容安排合理，有层次、有条理。其次短文中使用了正确的时态和人称，语法规范，用词准确，注意了动词正确形式的变化。句式结构完整，符合英语的表达习惯。语言准确、得体，表达自

23、然、流畅。短文中使用了丰富的句型和短语，如The teachers are very friendly and they are ready to help me. The most unforgettable thing is that I got a chance of becoming an exchange students and spent two months in Australia.Luckily, we kept in touch with each other through emails. Besides, I was not good at Chinese writi

24、ng.I also wish I can do better in all subjects when I am in high school and can go to a good college.等。3手机在生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色，许多中学生沉迷于手机无法自拔，比如你的好友Miller.请根据以下提示点写一篇短文：1. 去年，Miller对手机游戏非常入迷，而且花大量时间用手机聊天看电影；2. Miller与家人和朋友交流甚少，离开手机会很焦虑；3. 昨天还因为走路看手机被自行车撞了，膝盖受伤；4. 你的建议参考词汇：mobile games手机游戏anxious焦虑be craz

25、y about对入迷要求：1字数80-100个2开头已经给出不计入总词数3要点齐全，行为连贯，适当发挥Today more and more people are addicted to(沉迷）playing the mobile phones. Last year, My friend Miller was 【答案】Today more and more people are addicted to(沉迷）playing the mobile phones. Last year，My friend Miller was crazy about mobile games as well. He

26、 spent too much time in chatting and watching films on the phone. Miller hardly talked with his family and friends. He lived in his own world. He felt very anxious without mobile phones. Yesterday he was hit by a bike, because he was watching his phone at that moment. As a result, he hurt his knees

27、badly.In my opinion, I think we cant use the mobile phones for a long time, I mean, no more than half an hour a day. Dont take mobile phones to school. A mobile phone is just a kind of tool, not our whole life.【解析】【详解】这是一篇给材料作文。首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；再紧扣要点，动笔写作，可适当发挥。在写作时，注

28、意连句成篇，保持文章的连贯性，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。4假如你是班长李华，今天你们班对即将到来的暑假计划进行了讨论。你们班的外教David对此很感兴趣。请你根据以下信息，给 David写一封电子邮件，告诉他讨论的情况及你自己本人的计划及原因。比例计划原因50% 去国内外旅游1.放松;2.欣赏美景30% 多读一些书1.增长知识；2.培养兴趣20% 参加社会实践1.锻炼自己;2.结识朋友你的计划? (至少一个)？（请你补充）注意：(1)邮件应包含所有要点(2)词数80个左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数)；(3)不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分注：社会实践 social practice activitiesDear DavidIm writing to tell you something about our discussion today._