浅析《小妇人》中的女性主义.docx

1、浅析小妇人中的女性主义Contents浅析小妇人中的女性主义 摘 要路易莎梅奥尔科特的小妇人是在19世纪的美国所创作出的众多歌颂女权主义的文学作品之一。随着时间的推进，女性解放运动在世界上的众多国家与地区都取得巨大的发展，女性的社会地位也有极大的进步。而小妇人一书在其中起着重要作用。本文将结合小妇人的创作环境及背景，深入剖析这本小说所蕴含的女权主义思想。在众多同类书籍中，路易莎的小妇人可以说是其中典范。小说中诠释了女性的美丽品质和独特精神，书中角色都有强烈的情感，她们追求自由与平等，严格自律。小妇人是在美国内战期间创作的，当时的女性对男性的生活方式和价值观有着浓厚的兴趣，而那时社会认可传统的女

2、士形象无法进入主流社会，要想改变自己的社会地位，只能通过社会唯一认可的方式-婚姻。女性必须遵循父权制社会为其设定的价值观和道德规范，这时的妇女没有任何社会权利，也没有受到社会的尊重。关键词：小妇人；女性主义；19世纪A Brief Analysis of Feminismin Little WomenAbstractLittle Women by Louisa May Alcott is one of many feminist literary works created in the 19th century in the United States. Countries and regi

3、ons have achieved great development and womens social status and spiritual aspirations have also made remarkable progress. And Little Women plays an important role in it. This article will combine the creative environment and background of Little Women to deeply analyze the feminist ideas contained

4、in this novel. Counting numerous American feminist books, Louisas novel Little Women can be said to be a model of feminism. In her work, Louisa interprets the beautiful qualities and unique spirit of women in her characters and her novels. The characters in it all have a very strong enthusiasm. They

5、 pursue freedom, advocate equality, and are strict with self-discipline. Little Women was created during the American Civil War. At that time, American society recognized that traditional women were attached to mens lifestyle and values. Society recognized traditional lady images. Women could not en

6、ter the mainstream society. They can only change their social status through marriage, the only way recognized by society. Women must follow the values and moral standards set by patriarchal society. At that time, women did not have any social rights and were not respected by society.Key words: Litt

7、le Women; feminism；19th century1.Introduction Little Women was written by American writer Louisa May Alcott in 1868 and is considered one of the feminist masterpieces for its strong feminist appeal. The novel is mainly based on the emotions and lives of the four daughters of the March family, Joseph

8、ine, Meg, Beth and Amy. The novel describes the ups and downs of the lives of four sisters of an ordinary family in New England. The novel has a deeper meaning in the description of ordinary life and expresses a profound theme through simple narration. At present, the academic circles comments on th

9、is novel mainly focus on the character of the four protagonists and the analysis of the plot of the novel. In fact, the feminist connotation involved in the text is worthy of attention. Feminism runs through the whole plot of Little Women, which makes this novel unique to attract readers. In the nov

10、el, the author puts forward some thoughts and ideas, which reflect the importance of womens dignity and individual freedom and equality.During the American Civil War, womens active participation in various social movements slowly raised their status in society and challenged the traditional concept

11、of family. No longer were men working outside in the family, and women were given job opportunities and they no longer depended on them. For women, they have gained the same rights to education, voting and other rights as men. It is the background of Little Women.2.Literature ReviewLittle Women is t

12、he product of social thought transformation. On the one hand, it is influenced by the traditional moral standards of women, that is, submissiveness and family-related, in the late 19th century. On the other hand, it is also inspired by the early feminism movement. It supports women to have a spiritu

13、al outlook of self-reliance, independence and the pursuit of freedom. Therefore, women in this period have dual attributes and some women hesitate, cower, and receive good enlightenment to try to escape from the contradiction with tradition (王晓丰, 2011). However, it is not easy for women to take ever

14、y step forward; it can be described as difficult, because womens words and deeds are under the watchful eye of men. We can also understand this kind of gaze as a kind of surveillance, which is a restraint on womens behavior, in case women overstep the limitations. It can be imagined that womens lite

15、rature produced under this background will always be subject to various restrictions, and it is difficult for the establishment of womens subjective consciousness to escape the influence of patriarchy.Louisa May Alcott completed the creation of Little Women in 1868. She was in the second industrial

16、revolution (late 1960s-1870s). At that time, the rapid development of science and technology, the human desire to control nature expanded unprecedentedly, confusing nature with the real problems facing human beings themselves, trying to conquer nature through the use of technology, and meeting the n

17、eeds of human development as the ultimate goal (Lee J, 2006: 21). The Civil War is a classic example. Technological rationality embraces the belief that history will always progress. When slavery in the south impeded the development of northern capitalism, war as a certain sense of rationality, the

18、use of science and technology, and utilitarianism, brought great changes to American society and at the same time, those changes progressively turned into the dominant forces restricting people especially women (莫亚文, 2013). At that time, the United States was a patriarchal country. It was customary

19、that men enjoy higher status than women. Women had no subjective consciousness and were severely restrained and dominated by traditional Victorian ideas.The first wave of the womens liberation movement from the end of the 18th century to the 1920s made feminist ideas widely spread. The goal of the w

20、omens liberation movement at that time was to strive for equal rights with men, such as the right to vote, the right to education, property rights, and the right to work. The contradiction between womens pursuit of freedom and patriarchy has intensified, and feminist ideas have emerged at the histor

21、ic moment, breaking the electoral system exclusively for men, and womens right to vote has greatly improved womens social status. Feminists are trying to modify the mindset of people and launch an unprecedented impact on traditional gender role concepts. Women in Little Women changed the traditional

22、 female image, germinated the female subjective consciousness, and strove for their own value (Lee J, 2006: 21). They were no longer affiliated with men and became representatives of new women.3.Writing Background and Content Introduction 3.1 Writing Background Born in Philadelphia, USA, Louisa spen

23、t her life in Concord, New England. Concord is the city which Emerson and the great philosopher Thoreau lived. Therefore, when she was writing Little Women, Louisa always cast those heroic mens thoughts into the lines of the novel without leaving a trace. At the same time, she integrated Concords be

24、autiful natural scenery and harmonious life into her mind. In addition, the author was influenced and nurtured by her self-taught father as a child and developed a strong interest in writing. In the novel, Louisa also revealed that her parents had advanced and unique education for the four of their

25、sisters, that is, advocating nature, paying attention to the inner education of their sisters, and learning the book knowledge on the basis of maintaining truth, goodness and beauty. And these wonderful memories of living in Concord, Louisa used the creation of Little Women to present them one by on

26、e to the readers, and drew a picture of the peaceful life in the beautiful natural landscape .Luisa May Alcott created Little Women during the period of patriarchal rule in American Society.At that time, the society respected the traditional moral standard of real woman, and the core of its creed wa

27、s to ban womens natural instincts from family life, to play the role of good wives and good mother stipulated by society for women, and to hinder womens personality liberation with this invisible shackle(王欣欣, 2014). The societys oppression of women made her aware of the constraints society imposed o

28、n women. She determines to follow the independent path and arrange her destiny according to her ideal pattern.She works hard to create literature so that she can improve herfamilyeconomicconditions. She writes, I will get to make a battering-ram of my head and make my way through this rough and tumb

29、le world.During the American Civil War, womens active participation in various social movements slowly raised their status in society and challenged the traditional concept of family. Not only were men working outside in the family, but also women were given job opportunities and no longer depended

30、on their husbands. For women, they have the same rights as men to education, voting, etc. Little Women was created in this context.3.2 Content Introduction The story of Little Women takes place during the American Civil War and it tells the life of an ordinary family in New England. The main thread

31、of the novel is the emotional conflict between family members. The four daughters of the March family struggle for love and life, and each persons personality a different ending in life. Meg is extravagant and vanity when she is young. But in order to pursue the love in her heart, she marries a poor

32、 boy and lives a poor but happy life after mature. The housewife later becomes a writer after hard work; Beth shows more philosophies about life and death and existence. Beth is tough and brave, does not fear of death, and can face life calmly. Amy is willing to help the weak and set up a charity. She and her husband respect each other after marriage. In the novel, the four sisters have different pursuits in life. They love their families, value the family and love, but in the process of chasing their ideals, they show an independent and strong side, self-discipline and self-relia