1、数据库系统基础教程答案SolutionsChapter 4 4.1.1 4.1.2a)b)c)In c we assume that a phone and address can only belong to a single customer (1-m relationship represented by arrow into customer). d)In d we assume that an address can only belong to one customer and a phone can exist at only one address.If the multipl
2、icity of above relationships were m-to-n, the entity set becomes weak and the key ssNo of customers will be needed as part of the composite key of the entity set.In c&d, we convert attributes phones and addresses to entity sets. Since entity sets often become relations in relational design,we must c
3、onsider more efficient alternatives. Instead of querying multiple tables where key values are duplicated, we can also modify attributes: (i) Phones attribute can be converted into HomePhone, OfficePhone and CellPhone. (ii) A multivalued attribute such as alias can be kept as an attribute where a sin
4、gle column can be used in relational design i.e. concatenate all values. SQL allows a query like %Junius% to search the multiple values in a column alias. 4.1.3 4.1.4 a)b)c)The relationship played between Teams and Players is similar to relationship plays between Teams and Players. 4.1.5 4.1.6 The i
5、nformation about children can be ascertained from motherOf and fatherOf relationships. Attribute ssNo is required since names are not unique.4.1.74.1.8a)(b)4.1.9AssumptionsA Professor only works in at most one department.A course has at most one TA.A course is only taught by one professor and offere
6、d by one department.Students and professors have been assigned unique email ids.A course is uniquely identified by the course no, section no, and semester (e.g. cs157-3 spring 09).4.1.10Given that for each movie, a unique studio exists that produces the movie. Each star is contracted to at most one
7、studio. But stars could be unemployed at a given time. Thus the four-way relationship in fig 4.6 can be easily into converted equivalent relationships.4.2.1Redundancy: The owner address is repeated in AccSets and Addresses entity sets.Simplicity: AccSets does not serve any useful purpose and the des
8、ign can be more simply represented by creating many-to-many relationship between Customers and Accounts.Right kind of element: The entity set Addresses has a single attribute address. A customer cannot have more than one address. Hence address should be an attribute of entity set Customers.Faithfuln
9、ess: Customers cannot be uniquely identified by their names. In real world Customers would have a unique attribute such as ssNo or customerNo4.2.2Studios and Presidents can be combined into one entity set Studios with Presidents becoming an attribute of Studios under following circumstances:1. The P
10、residents entity set only contains a simple attribute viz. presidentName. Additional attributes specific to Presidents might justify making Presidents into an entity set.4.2.3 4.2.4 The entity sets should have single attribute.a) Stars: starNameb) Movies: movieNamec) Studios: studioName. However the
11、re exists a many-to-many relationship between Studios and Contracts. Hence, in addition, we need more information about studios involved. If a contract always involves two studios, two attributes such as producingStudio and starStudio can replace the Studios entity set. If a contact can be associate
12、d with at most five studios, it may be possible to replace the Studios entity set by five attributes viz. studio1, studio2, studio3, studio4, and studio5. Alternately, a composite attribute containing concatenation of all studio names in a contact can be considered. A separator character such as $ c
13、an be used. SQL allows searching of such an attribute using query like %keyword%4.2.5From Augmentation rule of Functional Dependency,givenB - M (B=Baby, M=Mother)then BND - M (N=Nurse, D=Doctor)Hence we can just put an arrow entering mother.a) Put an arrow entering entity set Mothers for the simples
14、t solution (As in fig. 4.4, where a multi-way relationship was allowed, even though Movies alone could identify the Studio). However, we can display more accurate information with below figure. b)c) Again from Augmentation rule of Functional Dependency,givenBM - DthenBMN - D Thus we can just add an
15、arrow entering Doctors to fig 4.15. Below figure represents more accurate information however.4.2.6a)b) Transitivity and Augmentation rules of Functional Dependency allow arrow entering Mothers from Births. However, a new relationship in below figure represents more accurate information.c)Design fla
16、ws in abc above 1. As suggested above, using Transitivity and Augmentation rules of Functional Dependency, much simpler design is possible.4.2.7 In below figure there exists a many-to-one relationship between Babies and Births and another many-to-one relationship between Births and Mothers. From tra
17、nsitivity of relationships, there is a many-to-one relationship between Babies and Mothers. Hence a baby has a unique mother while a birth can allow more than one baby.4.3.1a)b)A captain cannot exist without a team. However a player can (free agent). A recently formed (or defunct) team can exist wit
18、hout players or colors.c)Children can exist without mother and father (unknown).4.3.2a)The keys of both E1 and E2 are required for uniquely identifying tuples in Rb)The key of E1c)The key of E2d)The key of either E1 or E24.3.3Special Case: All entity sets have arrows going into them i.e. all relatio
19、nships are 1-to-1 Any KiOtherwise: Combination of all Kis where there does not exist an arrow going from R to Ei.4.4.1No, grade is not part of the key for enrollments. The keys of Students and Courses become keys of the weak entity set Enrollments.4.4.2 It is possible to make assignment number a wea
20、k key of Enrollments but this is not good design (redundancy since multiple assignments correspond to a course). A new entity set Assignment is created and it is also a weak entity set. Hence the key attributes of Assignment will come from the strong entity sets to which Enrollments is connected i.e. studentID, dept, and CourseNo. 4.4.3a)b)
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