北欧设计及其理念对中国现代设计的启示硕士论文.docx

1、北欧设计及其理念对中国现代设计的启示硕士论文（此页为外封面，由专业复印室制作）分类号： 密 级： UDC： 硕士学位论文北欧设计及其理念对中国现代设计的启示硕士生：XXX学科专业：设计艺术学指导教师：XXX 教授 所在学院：机械与电子信息学院二九年五月学校代码：10XXX 研究生学号：120XXX662 X硕士学位论文北欧设计及其理念对中国现代设计的启示硕 士 生：XXX学科专业：设计艺术学指导教师：XXX 教授二九年五月北欧设计及其理念对中国现代设计的启示硕士生：xxx 导师：xxx摘 要高科技的迅猛发展，正逐步改变着人类生产生活的方方面面，它在展示人类伟大的征服力量和无与伦比的聪明才智的同

2、时，也带给人新的苦恼和忧虑，那便是人情的孤独、疏远和感情的失衡。现代社会导致人文因素失落的原因有很多，其中主要有：工具理性的泛滥、科技崇拜的盛行、商品经济的发展、大众化社会的形成、快节奏高效率的时代特点等。产品中人文因素的失落造成了冷漠、无人情味的、理性的、道德败落的社会局面。随着现代社会人们对“补偿性高情感”要求越来越强烈，未来设计中设计伦理学必将越来越受到重视。作为设计和造物的道德哲学，它在表层上涉及以人为本、环境与发展诸问题；在深层上，其表述涉及设计意志的合理性、人作为目的自身的无限价值与设计价值以及设计的自律诸问题。如果说北欧设计以诗一般的形式美来消除当今社会上不自然的成分的话，那么，

3、北欧的人文功能主义无疑是把对人类人生价值和意义的关怀和思考以实物的形式表现出来，并通过这种优质的设计给人以思考甚至反思的空间。二十一世纪是“非物质”世纪也是情感世纪。现在国际社会最前沿的设计理论都在宣扬设计的非物质性和情感性、艺术性。从强调物质实用性转向强调易用性和情感性；从强调功能性转向强调生活体验性和文化性；从强调全球性转向强调本土性；强调生活实在性转向强调生活艺术性；从急功近利的商业性转向关注整个生存环境的可持续发展性是未来社会对设计工作者提出的要求，而北欧设计既关注人的情感又注重产品功能；即强调现代性又不抛弃传统；既重视现在又注重可持续发展。北欧设计对人的关怀、对整个环境的关注、对生活

4、的热情使其既是未来社会的设计宣言又是对现代商业、大众社会的良好讽刺，这使得越来越多的人开始从不同角度来研究北欧设计。北欧设计基本精神就是：讲求功能性，设计以人为本。北欧现代设计风格，起步于20世纪初期，形成于二次世界大战期间，一直发展到今天，是世界上最具影响力的设计风格流派之一。通过研究北欧设计的历程，我发现有几个方面对北欧设计风格的形成起着重大作用，第一，北欧海盗时期的这段历史。这段历史成为后来民族浪漫主义时期北欧人寻求民族自豪感、认同感和设计灵感的源泉，而民族浪漫主义时期是北欧设计风格形成的关键时期；第二，民族浪漫主义运动。这一时期基本上奠定了北欧设计民族风格的基础；第三，20世纪各时期的

5、设计思潮，加速了北欧设计风格和理念的发展；第四，20世纪50年代的各种北欧设计展，把北欧设计推向全世界。值得注意的是，各发展时期北欧设计都能在吸收外来资源的同时保持自己独特的发展思路和设计风格。通过研究北欧设计历程，可以初步得出结论，北欧设计其实是设计师在高尚的职业道德和深重的社会责任心的支配下进行的“用心设计”，而达到的结果就是“合谐设计”这是北欧设计的真谛。“合谐设计”就是本文通过研究北欧设计及其理念而得出的重大启示。以北欧设计为参照，我们的“合谐设计”应该是：第一，设计产品本身的和谐，这叫合（物）理【中国古代设计理念是：天时地利人和物宜工巧。所谓天时，是指顺天行，应时变；地利，之地是指地

6、理环境，下面的“合（地）理”的就是来自于这层意思；物宜，之物是指人工物，指材料、结构、技术等，物在设计中所要遵循的规律和内在联系，称为物理。物宜就是要：宜物性，循物理。】【1】；第二，设计产品与人的和谐，这叫合情；第三，设计产品与民族文化的和谐，这叫合意；第四，设计产品与自然、环境的和谐，这叫合（地）理。因此，本文的“合谐设计”其实就是要设计做到合情合理合意。设计产品本身的和谐合（物）理。产品本身的和谐除了结构以外还体现在材质特性的发挥上。注重研究各种材质的特性，并令其完美发挥出来，这是北欧设计成功的一个重要方面。现代材质设计中我们应该做到：第一，发掘材质情感性；第二，注重材质真实感；第三，体

7、现材质工艺美；第四，推敲材质设计美。设计产品与人的和谐合情。设计只有以人为中心，为了人身心获得健康的发展、为了健全和造就高洁完美人格精神而倾心服务，才能为大众设计出友好的产品，而友好产品的特性应该包括：功能良好的；有机、仿生的；富有情感的；简洁、纯粹的；体现审美的。设计产品与民族文化的和谐合意。合意就是设计的产品能体现的民族文化意味。民族文化可分为两个方面来讨论，第一，民族文化元素在设计中的运用，它包括元素的直接运用和元素的变化、发展式运用；第二，民族文化传统在设计中的运用，比如：“回家”的感觉、含蓄的意味、和谐的再现。设计产品与自然的和谐合（地）理。现代设计中与环境的和谐主要体现在：自然物模

8、仿设计、生物体模仿设计、“天人合一”设计。而竹材和木材可作为我国的绿色环保材料进行设计运用。本文期望通过北欧设计及其理念对中国设计的启示，找出符合中国国情的、具有民族文化意味的、可持续发展的中国现代设计理论，从而推动产生具有我国民族文化特点的、具有普遍国际威望的设计产品。关键词：北欧设计、现代设计、“合谐设计” Apocalypse for China modern design from the North Europe design and its principleMaster Candidate：xxx Supervisor：xxxABSTRACTThe rapid developme

9、nt of high-tech is gradually changing all aspects of production and human everyday life, but it also brings new worries and anxieties, when displaying its unparalleled strength and intelligence, that is the loneliness, alienation and feelings imbalance.There are many reasons to lead to humanity lost

10、 in modern society, the most are: the instrumental rationality deluge, the worship of science and technology, the development of commodity economy, the public societys formation and the fast rhythm of efficient,etc.The loss of human factors caused inhospitality, no feelings、rational and ethical ruin

11、ed social characteristics.As people of modern society request repairing of normal emotion more and more mightiness, more and more attention will be paid on design ethics in future designing. As moral philosophy of design and building it sees people of the center, environment and development problems

12、 on the surface. Deeply, it involves the rationality of design minds; people as purpose itself have infinite value and design value and the self-discipline of design. If the North Europe design cancels the unnatural composition with the Poetry form，so, the humanities function of the North Europe dou

13、btless perforates the concern and thinking of mankind life value and meaning in the form of real object and passes this kind of superior quality of design to person with thinking even introspect space.21 century is famous for “non- material” and emotion. in the international society today, the most

14、front design theories are publishing “non- material”, emotion and art; from emphasizing material function change to emphasizing easily use and emotion; from function to life experience and cultural; from global to mainland; from substantiality life to art life; business near benefit to keeping the d

15、evelopment of whole existence environment are the request of designers in the future society，but North Europe design concern not only the persons emotion but also pay attention to product function; not only emphasize modernity but also dont abandon tradition; Since value nowadays again pay attention

16、 to keep on development, concerning about person, the whole environment and the enthusiasm to life make the North Europe design not only a declaration of the future society but also some good irony to the modern business and the public society, this makes more and more people to research the North E

17、urope design from different angle.The basic spirit of the North Europe design are：Stressing function and designing with people the center. The North Europe modern design style, which started in 20 centuries initial stage, formatted during the World War II, is the most influence design style of the w

18、orld until today. Through researching the North Europe design, we found a few aspects are very important to form the North Europe design style。the first，North Europe pirate period history。This history become the source of the North Europe looking for the race proud, approbation and design inspiratio

19、n during The race romance doctrine period, which is the key period for the formation of the North Europe design style; the second, The race romance doctrine. this period basically established the North Europe design style; the third, design thoughts of the 20 century , accelerated the North Europe d

20、esign style and theory development; the forth, various design exhibition of North Europe in 20 century 50s,pushed the North Europe design style toward the whole world. What is remarkable is that every time when absorbing foreign resources the North Europe design can meantime keep itself special deve

21、lopment way and design style.Through the research of North Europe design process, we can get conclusion in the first step. the North Europe design in fact is the design with heart of designer, which under the classic occupation morals and deeply heavy society responsibility, and the result is all ma

22、tch designthis is the core of the North Europe design.All match design is the graveness apocalypse through researching North Europe design. take North Europe design as example, our all match design should be: the first, the design must match with itself, which called match (material) reason; the sec

23、ond, the design must match with people, which called match feelings; the third, the design must match with race culture, which called match meaning; the forth, the design must match with the natural environment, which called match (geography) reason. so, the all match design in this text is match fe

24、elings、reasons and meanings.The match of design itselfmatch (material) reasons. In addition to structure, harmony of design also showed from the characteristic of material. Pay attention to the characteristic of various materials and make it perfectly come out, are important aspects for the success

25、of the North Europe design. We should attain in the modern material design: firstly, discover the material emotion; secondly, pay attention to the material truly characteristic; thirdly, show material special craft characteristic; fourthly, deliberation material design.The match of design with peopl

26、ematch feelings. only with people the core、for the sake of the Human body and heart acquire、for the sake of sound and perfect personality, the product will be amity design, and the amity design should include: the good function; organic and imitate; full of feelings ;simple and pure; appreciate beau

27、ty.The match of design with race culturematch meanings. Match meanings means product can show the race culture meaning. The race culture can be divided into 2 aspects. The first, the race cultural chemical element usage in design, it includes the elements direct usage and the elements varietals usag

28、e; the second, the cultural tradition usage in design, it will show: the feeling of back home、reserved meaning and harmony reappear.The match of design with natural environmentmatch (geography) reasons. In modern design the match of design with natural environment mainly showed in: Natural things mi

29、micry; living creature body mimicry; the nature and man unite as one design. We can use bamboo and timber material from our country as green and environmental protection material in our design.This text expect that through the apocalypse of North Europe design and its principle to China design, we c

30、an find out some modern design theory that match our nation、have race culture meanings、keep on develop, thus push our designers to create some design works with our cultural characteristics、have widespread and international prestige.Key Words: North Europe design, modern design, all match design第一章

31、绪论1.1课题背景北欧设计从民族浪漫主义时期就开始表现不俗，经过工业革命及后来工艺美术运动、新艺术运动等设计思潮的影响，到20世纪20、30年代，北欧设计开始崭露头角，并开始在设计界以一种新面孔迅速崛起。北欧设计以其独特优雅的风格，显现出其对自然与社会的亲和力，满足了人们生理和心理的需求。这种人文功能主义既遵循功能主义原则，同时又具有北欧设计深厚的人文特点，成为20世纪50年代以后国际上优秀设计的代名词，一直到今天，其为大众设计美好生活的设计理念、不抛弃民族传统的设计精神、手工艺和现代工业完美结合的设计才能、注重绿色设计的设计态度、人文功能主义的完美表现等仍然是设计界争相效仿和学习的对象。20

32、世纪80、90年代现代设计（本文的现代设计主要指工业设计）进入多元化时期，这时，在现代主义的功能主义、理性主义的主流风格下，呈现出了多种风格和探索并存的多姿多彩的局面。此时的现代设计表现为两大特征：一是，对现代主义、国际主义风格的反思、批判。人们试图在现代主义设计的基础上找到一条适合新时代和人们审美心理的发展之路，因而，各种设计风格层出不穷，但最终只是在形式上做做文章，设计仍然是以现代主义风格为内核的。而这时期的北欧各国却依然“谨慎”的发展着人文功能主义风格，这使其在热闹的大环境中独树一帜。二是，对设计观念和设计理念更深层次的探索。健康、安全、舒适和发展成为人们对现代设计的新要求，关注人和关注环境成为现代设计的两大主题。绿色设计、本土设计、为人设计、环保设计等成为现代设计的主要内容，并引发了众多的设计潮流和趋势的出现。人们经过了物质“极大丰富”后开始冷静的反思人类自身的价值观、寻找个人的生存本质。在本土设计和绿色设计的思潮影响下世界各国设计师都在努力寻找符合自己民族发展方向的可持续发展的设计理论和设计出路。中国现代设计发展之初虽然没有经过各种设计思潮的影响，但在今天的“大众化社会”中正赶上了设计风格的“大爆炸”，在这种背景下中国现代