雅思英语作文和词汇.docx

1、雅思英语作文和词汇作文材料第一章 词汇一、利与弊的词汇Advantages & disadvantagesStrengths & weaknessesThe upside & the downsidePros & consBenefits & drawbacksMerits & demeritsBooms & banes二、同义词汇替换Popular=prevalentThereby=thus=thereforeIn fact=As a matter of factIn general=GenerallyIn spite of=DespiteConcede=acknowledgeBelieve

2、=convinceFor example=For instance=To illustrateExtremely immensely=enormouslyIn sum =To sum up=Overall=To conclude-In the final analysisIt is obvious that=UndoubtedlyMain=prime=elementalFactors=elements=causes=reasons=contributors三、近义词辨析1) expand、prolong、extend、stretchExpand:vt扩张，膨胀（体积，面积，数量；企业、生意）P

3、rolong:延长，拉长，拖延（空间，时间）Extend：扩充，延伸（vi 空间、土地延展，时间延续）（vt. 舒展身体某部位） Stretch：延展,延长（事物长度，宽度；规定或者时间超出规定的范围&限度）、（v.伸展肢体）2)locate、lieLocate:vt位于，使坐落于（用于被动语态 be located in）Lie：vi 位于3) capacity、abilityCapacity:能力，才干（先天、理解、接受、忍受）；也指物体容纳能力 capacity for ; capacity to doAbility:能力，才干（先、后天；脑、体力；实际应用） Ability to do

4、或in/for sth4) establish、build、construct、foundEstablish:建立，建设（强调稳固建成；具体/抽象物品）Build:建筑，建造（建筑物；理论、体系抽象事物）Construct:与build通用，更正式些Found:建立，创立（奠基，打下基础）5)injure、hurt、harm、damage、destroyInjure:伤害，损害（健康，名誉，情感，智力）Hurt:伤害，损伤，损害（肉体，精神痛苦）Harm:伤害，损害（肉体，精神；抽象，具体事物）Damage:损伤，损害（无生命物体）Destroy:破坏，损坏（彻底损坏，不能或很难修复）6）in

5、cident、accident、affair、case、event、matterIncident:事件、事变（一般指与重大事件相关的次要事件，尤指不寻常、激烈 暴力的事件，如 border incident 边境事件）Accident:意外事件，事故 如traffic accidentAffair:事件，事务;私事 （公共事件，政治事务，个人事务，如foreign affairs 外交事务）Case:事件，事例（强调典型的实例，事例，实情）Event:事件，事变（重要，值得关注的大事，多用于历史，政治事件）Matter:事情，事件（应该处理，考虑的具体事情）7）significant、cons

6、iderable、enormous、numerousSignificant:相当数量的，意义重大的（强调数量上非常大，或者有重要影响的） 英文解释：large enough to be noticeable or have noticeable effectsConsiderable:相当大的，相当多的（大小，范围，数量，程度） 英文解释:fairly big in amount or size,especially large enough to have an effect or be important Enormous:巨大的，庞大的（大小，范围，数量程度） 英文解释：very big

7、 in size or in amountNumerous: 众多的，许多的 英文解释：very many 8)continuous、continualContinuous:连续的，持续的（时间，顺序上无间断）Continual:连续的，频繁的（重复，可能有间隔，但会重新开始）9)elderly、old、elder、olderElderly: 年长的，年老的（只修饰人，人已过中年；对人尊敬、礼貌） Old:年老的，老的（修饰人时，只强调年龄大；修饰事物 the old society）Elder:年长的，old比较级,只做定语；不能与than连用引导比较状语从句Older:年长的，old比较级

8、，常作表语，可与than连用引导比较状语从句10)besides、in addition、except、except forBesides:除了.：除了.，还. Besides English,we study French.In addition:用法同上Except:除了，除.之外（强调不包括）出去的与没除去的为同类 We all went the zoo last Sunday except BillExcept for:除.之外（肯定全部，局部否定；出去的和没除去的不是同类事物） Your essay is good,except for some spelling mistakes.

9、11)excessive、additionalExcessive:过多的，过分的，过度的（超过了所需，有“泛滥”的意思）Additional:额外的，另外的12)unique、peculiar、strangeUnique:独一无二的，绝无仅有的Peculiar:独特的，不寻常的；怪异的（人，物）Strange:令人感到奇怪的，出人意料的；难以解释的，难以理解的13)alter、change、shift、transform、varyAlter:改变（事物局部改变，如形式，外观，细节等轻微的方面）Change:变化，改变，转变（数量，质量，外表或本质）Shift:改变（位置、方向改变，立场、态度改

10、变）Transform:改变，转换，改造（强调彻底改变形状，外观，性质）Vary:变化，改革（事物有各种变化或在不同时间有不同变化）14)basis、base、basicBasis:基础，基本，根据（抽象事物，如学说，讨论，信念）Base:基，底；基础；基地（具体事物，军事基地）Basic: 基本要素，基本原理，基础（常复数）15)favorite、favorableFavorite:喜爱的，钟爱的；特别喜爱的人（事物）Favorable:赞成的；有利的；讨人喜欢的16)neglect、ignore、overlookNeglect:忽视，疏忽（无意识的）+ to do .Ignore:忽视（有

11、故意的含义）Overlook:疏忽，没注意到；无视，忽略（有无意识均可）17)slight、trivialSlight:程度小的，数量小的Trivia:不重要的，没有价值的18)strain、tensionStrain:紧张（疲劳；困难）Tension:紧张（人、关系、局势）19)delivery、transmissionDelivery:递送，传送（信件，货物）Transmission:传送，传播；传输（电波，信息发送，以及把某物从某处传送至另一处的过程）20)fee、fare、costFee:费，费用（学费，会费；给脑力劳动者，医生的酬金）Fare:费用（车费，如汽车，电车，计程车的费用、

12、票价）Cost:费用，价格（购买物品、接受服务的花费；付出精力）21)location、position、sceneLocation:位置，场所（强调固定位置；外景）Position:位置，职位（具体所处的位置；抽象职位）Scene:位置，发生地点（侧重真实事件的发生地、现场）22)preserve、maintain、retainPreserve:保持，保护（使完整，不受破坏）Maintain:维持，保持（维持下去；保持良好状态）Retain:包；保留，保存（继续保留、保存原来的东西）23)proportion、rateProportion:比，比例（物体在大小、数量的比例）Rate:比率（部

13、分占整体的比例，比率）24)undergo、tolerateUndergo:经历，遭受（强调忍受）Tolerate:经历（强调默认存在，强制自己接受，可能没有经历过）三、关系词（一）因果关系(cause and effect) 1、原因 1)as=since 因为这两个词只能跟从句，不能跟词 2) Due to Owing to=thanks to=as a result of 只能接名词，不能跟动词 2、结果 1) 因此Hence=thus=therefore 因此句首句中均可，如果用于句中，则需分号，后面跟着被引导的从句。 2)作为结果As a consequence=as a resul

14、t=consequently用在句首较多，后面用句号。 3)因此So that 用于句中 4)以此达到.目的Thereby 不能用于句首，而且正是英语中后面接动名词。EXAMPLES:1. 汉：因此，对工作的感觉一定会体现出一个人是如何看待自己的人生的。 英:So feelings about ones job must reflect how an individual feels about his or her life as a whole.2. 汉：生态环境正在被恶化；因此，我们必须采取措施解决环境污染。 英:The ecological problems are being agg

15、ravated;therefore,it is significant/imperative that we take measures to combat the pollution in the environment.3. 汉：政府应当提高公众的环境保护意识；以此来促进可持续发展并且创造一个更适合人类生存的环境。 英:The government should raise public awareness of environmental preservation,thereby promoting sustainable development & creating a more li

16、vable environment.（二）举例关系(exemplification)1、以.为例 Take.for example 省略号中只能填名词2、比如. For instance=for example 3、This point is best illustrated with the example of.这个观点可以用.的例子最有力的证明This point can be confirmed by the example of. 这个观点可以被.例子支持（二者后面接名词）4、以.为例consider.for example 省略号中填入名词或者that从句均可5、.是一个恰当的例子

17、。.is a case in point 省略号中填名词EXAMPLES:1.汉：普遍认为，一些人天生就有一定的才能，比如对于运动和音乐的天赋，而另一些人没有。英:It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents,for instance,for sports or music,and others are not.2.汉：亚洲国家正以惊人的速度变得西方化。以中国为例，当青少年去看电影的时候，他们一般都选择好莱坞大片而不选择国产电影。英:The Asian countries are getting

18、westernized at a staggering rate.Take China for example,when youngsters go to the movies,it is common for them to choose Hollywood block busters over domestic films.（三）对比关系(comparison and contrast)1.While=whereas=whilst用在句首和从句中，表示主句和从句的对比（句内对比）2.By/in contrast 用在句首，表示前一个句子和它引导的句子之间的对比（句间对比）EXAMPLE:1

19、. 汉：现代人类生活压力很大，而我们的祖先却可以比较悠闲地从事他们的事务。 英:While/whilst modern man leads a stressful life, our ancestors could often perform their business in a leisurely fashion.2. 汉：大城市的教育和医疗设施多数很先进。相比之下，他们在乡村的对应设施多半质量较差。 英:The educational & medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced.In/By contrast,th

20、eir counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality.（四）让步关系（concession）1.尽管Despite=in spite of=not with understanding 后面跟名词或者代词。2.尽管如此Nonetheless=nevertheless 后面跟完整句子。3.尽管Even though 很多时候可替换although,后面跟从句，表示已经存在的状况让步。4.即使Even if 后面跟从句，表示对还没有发生的状况让步5.只要 As long as 用在句子中间，口语、写作很常用 I dont ca

21、re who you are,where youre from or what you did as long as you love me. -Backstreet Boys6.尽管Albeit 一般用于句子中间，后跟形容词。EXAMPLES:1. 汉：尽管让所有员工都满意并不太可能，但我认为提高任何工作中的满意度都是现实的 英:Even though,it is likely that all workers do feel happy in their work,I think it is not unrealistic to promote more job satisfaction

22、in any job.2. 汉：政府在科学研究中起关键作用；尽管如此，私人公司在从事科学研究方面还是有特定的优势。 英:The government plays a crucial role in scientific research;nonetheless,private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research.（四）假设关系(supposition)如果 Provided that. 后面结果一般是希望看到的 If 后面结果也可以是我们不希望看到的EXAMPLES:1. 汉：如果我们可以尽可能

23、减少实验动物的痛苦，那么动物实验应当继续。 英:Provided that we should minimize the pain of the test animals,animals experimentation should be continued.2. 汉：如果大公司被搬到乡村，城市里的交通堵塞将被显着的缓解。 英:If large companies are move to the countryside,the traffic jam in the cities will be alleviated substantially.第二章 作文的句型模板一、report 模板1.开

24、头段：介绍背景并引出话题1)In this day age, the issue of has drawn widespread attention. In this essay, I will analyze some possible causes of this phenomenon and the propose solutions.2)Currently, Is causing great concern. In this essay, I intend to explore the causes and the solutions of this issue.2.主体段1：写原因，

25、三个原因丙并写一个支持句1) It is obvious that the causes of are diverse. In the first place for example in the second place Specifically thirdly It seems that 2)Obviously, the causes of are highly complex. Firstly, It is evident that Secondly, for instance Thirdly, It seems that3.主体段2：写解决方案，三个解决方案并各写一句支持句1)Acco

26、rdingly, the solutions to this issue should also be varied. First, For example, then ,Indeed, Above all, research has proved that2) In light of the above factors, I am convinced that immediate action should be taken to combat this situation. Priority should be given to For instance Besides, this is

27、due to the consideration that most importantly, clearly, 4.结尾段：总结1)To conclude,several factors contribute to I am convinced that we should take immediate measures (including ) to solve this disturbing problem.2)In summary, the reasons of are complicated ; therefore, we should take a wide range of me

28、asures (including ) to address this problem before the damage caused by this trend becomes irreversible.二、Argumentation 开头1)介绍背景的经典句式(1) is playing a significant role in the contemporary society.(positive)(2) There is a growing tendency for somebody to do something.(3) In the present age, the issue

29、of is increasingly disturbing.(negative)2)直接点题的经典句式(1) In this contemporary society, whether is a blessing or a curse has sparked much debate.(2) In this day and age, there has been much discussion surrounding the issue of (whether) (3) People still have mixed/divergent consensus on (whether) (4) Pe

30、ople are having a hard a hard time reaching consensus on (whether)(5) Concerning, the issue of whether(6) A topic now under debate/discussion is that3)转述原题经典句型(1) Some people argue that while many others contend that(2) Some people argue that , on the other hand, many others contend that4)表达观点经典句式(1

31、) Personally, I am in favor of this viewpoint. (support)(2) For my part, I agree with the former/latter view. (support)(3) As far as I am concerned, I am inclined to be on the side of the former/latter view.(4) From my own perspective, I do not think this viewpoint is justified. (object)(5) I can hardly share consent to this proposal be