《新编简明英语语言学教程》16章复习题集.docx

1、新编简明英语语言学教程16章复习题集新编简明英语语言学教程1-6章复习题集英语语言学概论课程复习题集 (1-6章)2012-5-16更新Chapter I Introduction2012II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given: 1. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be d_escriptive_.(p

2、rescriptive /lay down rules)2. Chomsky defines “ competence”(语言能力) as the ideal users knowledge_ of the rules of his language. 3. Langue(语言) refers to the a_bstract_ linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions（惯例） and appl

3、ication of the rules. 43. D_uality_ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: a lower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of meaningful units. 5. Language is a system of a_rbitrary_ vocal symbols used fo

4、r human communication. 6. S ocialinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.7. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called s_yntax_. 8. Human capacity for language has a g enetic_ basis, but the details of l

5、anguage have to be taught and learned. 9. Performance _(语言能力)_ refers to the realization of langue in actual use. 10. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems. The study of such applications is generally known as a_pplied_ linguistics.11. Langu

6、age is p_ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard be12. Linguistics is generally defined as the s cientific_ study of language.13. To

7、 help define and maintain interpersonal relations is the s ocial function of language. III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement. 1. The description of a language in a fixed instant (时刻)is a _ study.A. synchronic B. diachronic C. presc

8、riptive D. systematic2. The application of linguistics principles and theories to language teaching and learning is called _. A. sociolinguistics B. Psycholinguistics C. computational linguistics D. Applied Linguistics3. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use,

9、it is said to be _. A. prescriptive B. analytic C. descriptive D. linguistic 4. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language? A. Arbitrariness B. Displacement C. Duality D. Meaningfulness 5. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _. A. primary B. correct C. secondary

10、D. stable 6. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because _. A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writing B. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyed. C. speech is always the way in which every native speaker a

11、cquires his mother tongue D. All of the above 7. Many modern linguists have criticized traditional grammarians for adopting a _ approach to language study.A. synchronic B. diachronicC. prescriptive D. descriptive 8. A historical study of language is a _ study of language. A. synchronic B. diachronic

12、 C. prescriptive D. comparative 9. According to F. de Saussure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. A. parole B. performance C. langue D. Language 10. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _ and meaning

13、s. A. sense B. sounds C. objects D. ideas 11. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate （当前）situations of the speaker. This feature is called_, A. displacement B. duality C. flexibility D. cultural transmission12. The distinction between langue and parole was made by _ ear

14、ly last century. A. American linguist N. Chomsky B. Swiss linguist F. de Saussure C. American linguist Edward Sapir D. British linguist J. R. Firth 13. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is .A. arbitrary B. rational C. logical

15、 D. cultural2. What are the main features of human language that have been specified by C. Hockett to show that it is essentially different from animal communication system?Chapter 2：PhonologyII. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given: 27 Affricate_(破差音

16、)_ refers to a strong puff of air stream in the production of speech sounds. 28A_rticulatory_（发音）_ phonetics describes the way our speech organs work to produce the speech sounds and how they differ. 29 The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/ have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b_ilabial_ soun

17、ds. 30Of all the speech organs, the t _ongue_ is the most flexible, and is responsible for varieties of articulation than any other. 31English consonants can be classified in terms of manner of articulation or in terms of p_lace_ of articulation(发音部位). 32 When the obstruction created by the speech o

18、rgans is total or complete, the speech sound produced with the obstruction audibly （可听见的）released and the air passing out again is called a s_top_. 33 S_uprasegmental_(超音段)_ features are the phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. They include stress, tone（音调）, intonation（语调）,

19、etc. 34 The rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particular language are called sequential (序列) _ rules. 35 The transcription （标音）of speech sounds with letter-symbols only is called broad transcription （宽式）while the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics (变音符)is c

20、alled narrow_ transcription. （严式）36 When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation_(语调)_. 37 P_honology_ is a discipline which studies the system of sounds of a particular language and how sounds are combined

21、into meaningful units to effect linguistic communication. 38. If you say door, new, two, senior, zoo, you will notice that the first sounds in all these words are a_lveolar(齿龈音)_ sounds. The t and s are voiceless, and d, n and z are voiced. Only n is nasal. 39 The articulatory apparatus（器官） of a hum

22、an being are contained in three important cavities: the pharyngeal （咽腔）cavity, the oral(口腔)_ cavity and the nasal cavity. 40 T_one（音调）_ are pitch （音调）variations, which are caused by the differing rates of vibration（震动） of the vocal cords （声带）and which can distinguish meaning just like phonemes（音位）.

23、41 Depending on the context in which stress is considered, there are two kinds of stress: word stress and s_entence_ stress. III. There are four choices following each of the statements below. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement: 1. The study of the physical properties of speech sou

24、nds is called _ phonetics.A. acoustic (声学)B. articulatory C. Auditory（听觉） D. allomorphic 2. The sound /f/ is _. A. voiced palatal affricate B. voiced alveolar stop C. voiceless velar fricative D. voiceless labiodental fricative（齿音，摩茶）3 Of all the speech organs, the _ is/ are the most flexible. A. mo

25、uth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords 4The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are _ sounds. A. voiceless B. voiced C. vowel D. consonantal 5_ is a voiced alveolar（齿龈） stop. A. /z/ B. /d/ C. /k/ D./b/ 6The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a se

26、quential phoneme, thus making the two phones _. A. identical B. same C. exactly alike D. similar 7. Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be _. A. in phonemic contrast （音位对立） B. in complementary distribution （同一音

27、位的不同变体）C. the allophones（音位变体）D. minimal pair （对小对立体） 9. A _ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position. A. back B. central C. front D. middle 10. Palatal （鄂音）semi-vowel refers to the sound .A. n B. h C. w D. j11. A phoneme is a group of phonetic

28、ally similar sounds called .A. minimal pairs B. allomorphsC. phones D. allophones12. Distinctive features can be found running over a sequence of two or more phonemic segments. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called _. A. phonetic components B. immediate constitu

29、ents C. suprasegmental features D. semantic features 13. A(n) _ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features. A. phone B. sound C. allophone D. phoneme 14The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environm

30、ents are called the _ of that phoneme. A. phones B. sounds C. phonemes D. allophones 15. A _ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position. A. back B. central C. front D. middle16. The sounds that begin and end the words church and judge are voiceless and voiced _, respectively.( C ) A. stops B. fricatives C. affricates D. plosives IV. Answer the following question:1. How are the English consonants classified?2. Explain with examples the sequential rule, and the assimilation rule in phonology.