考研英语核心词汇速成胜经.docx

1、考研英语核心词汇速成胜经考研英语核心词汇速成胜经考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 Unit 1 一、真题文章(1994年) The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is of the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of likely breakdown in the communication cycle. To

2、o often careless use of words prevents a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may stir up unfavorable reactions in the listener which interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down. Moreover，inaccurate or indefinite w

3、ords may make it difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be unable to explain or describe in a way that can be understood by his listeners. 二、考研核心词汇 choice n. 选择, 抉择, 精选品, 选择机会,

4、 选择权 adj. 精选的, 上等的, 挑三拣四的, 可选的, 宠爱的, 爱惜的 例 She had to make a choice between the two dresses. 她得在两件衣服中选择一件。 同义 alternative ， cream ，decision ，option， pick， preference ，selection 派生 choose v. 选择, 选定 固定搭配 at ones own choice 随意挑选, 自由选择；be choice of 好挑剔的； 熟词生意 choice a.斟酌得当的 eg.Some of his remarks are re

5、ally choice. 他的有些话真精辟。 utmost 原为out的最高级 n. 枀限, 最大可能, 枀力 adj. 枀度的, 最远的 例 the utmost ends of the earth 天涯海角 同义 extreme, farthest ,greatest, most 固定搭配 at the utmost 至多；do ones utmost 尽全力； make the utmost of . 充分利用； to the utmost 竭力; 尽力； reaction n. 反应, 反作用, 反动(力) 例 What is his reaction to your proposal

6、? 他对你的建议有什么反应? 反义 action n. 动作, 作用, 战斗, 行动, 举动, 行为, (戏剧或书中)的情节, (某一地区、领域或团体中)最能产生效果、最有趣、最有刺激性的活动 vt. 对.起诉 派生 react vi. 起反应, 起作用, 反抗, 起反作用 reactive adj. 反应的, 起反作用的, 反动的, 电抗性的 固定搭配 reaction to 对的反应；chain reaction 连锁反应；chemical reaction 化学反应；physiological reaction 生理反应；replacement reaction 置换反应 interfe

7、re vi. 干涉, 干预, 妨碍, 打扰 例 I was playing with Jane, but Anne interfered and spoiled the game. 我正在和珍妮玩，可是安妮插了进来，把游戏给打乱了。 同义 arbitrate, encroach, intercede ,interrupt, intervene, intrude, meddle 派生 interference n. 冲突, 干涉 固定搭配 interfere in 干涉, 干预； interfere with 妨碍; 干涉, 干扰； comprehension n. 理解, 包含 例 Readi

8、ng depends on the comprehension of the ideas expressed by the words used. 阅读有赖于对所用词句所表达的含义的理解。 同义 apprehension 反义 incomprehension n. 不了解, 不领悟 派生 comprehensive adj. 全面的, 广泛的, 能充分理解的, 包容的 comprehend vt. 领会, 理解, 包括(包含), 由.组成 hence adv. 因此, 从此 例 They grew up in the Sudan; hence their interest in Nubian

9、art. 他们在苏丹长大；由是产生了对努比亚艺术的兴趣 同义 accordingly, away, consequently, elsewhere, from now on, later therefore 反义 ago adv. 以前的, 以往的 transmission n. 播送, 发射, 传动, 传送, 传输, 转播 例 transmission of news 消息的传播 同义 sending ,transport, transfer, broadcast 反义 reception n. 接待, 招待会, 接收 派生 transmissible adj. 可传送的, 可遗传的 tra

10、nsmit vt. 传输, 转送, 传达, 传导, 发射, 遗传, 传播 vi.发射信号, 发报 inaccurate adj. 错误的, 不准确的 例 There is a slight inaccuracy in this design. 这张设计图中有一点不大准确。 同义 incorrect , inexact 反义 accurate adj. 正确的, 精确的 派生 inaccuracy n. 错误 indefinite adj. 模糊的, 不确定的, 语不定的 例 an indefinite leave of absence 对在场者的离席无明确限制的 同义 broad, confu

11、sed, general, hazy, indistinct, obscure, unclear, vague 反义 definite adj. 明确的, 一定的 派生 indefinitely adv. 不确定地 固定搭配 an indefinite answer 含糊的答复；in an indefinite manner 模模糊糊地；不明确地；an indefinite prison term 无期徒刑；for an indefinite time/period 无限期地；to be indefinite about their plans 尚未决定他们的计划 研英语核心词汇速成胜经 Un

12、it 2 真题文章(1994年) Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. Neither kind of sleep is at all well-understood , but REM sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of no

13、n-REM sleep is even more mysterious .The new experiments, such as these described for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep . For example, it has long been known that total sleep deprivat

14、ion is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet , upon examination of the dead bodies , the animals look completely normal . A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why the animals die. The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood , as if their immune systems-the self-protecting mechanism agai

15、nst disease-had crashed. 考研核心词汇 characterize vt. 表现.的特色, 刻画的.性格 例 This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind. 这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。 同义 adepict, describe, distinguish, picture, portray, represent 派生 characterization n. 描述, 人物之创造 assume/size=4 vt. 假定, 设想, 采取, 呈现 例 The queen assumed a velvet robe. 王

16、后穿了一件天鹅绒长袍 同义 adopt, believe, presume，put on, suppose, suspect 反义 conclude v. 结束, 终止, 决定, 作出结论 vt. 推断, 断定, 缔结, 议定 派生 assumed adj. 假定的, 假装的, 装的 固定搭配assuming that 假定，若;to assume resposibility 承担责仸;to assume a leading position 担仸领导职务 熟词生意assume vt.假装 eg.The look of innocence she assumed had us all fool

17、ed. vt.表现 eg.The motion of matter always assumes certain forms. vt.承担 eg.He assumes his new responsibilities next month. size=4restorative adj. 有助于复元的 n. 滋补剂 例 a restorative tonic 有恢复作用的滋补品 派生 restore vt. 恢复, 使回复, 归还, 交还, 修复, 重建 function n. 官能, 功能, 作用, 职责, 典礼, 仪式, 数函数 vi. (器官等)活动, 运行, 行使职责 例 Growth

18、is a function of nutrition . 长身体是由营养决定的。 同义 act, ceremony, exercise, gathering, operate, perform 派生 functional adj. 功能的 固定搭配 public function 盛大的公共集会, 正式社交集会； social function 盛大的公共集会, 正式社交集会； 熟词生意 function n.职务，职责 eg.The function they perform is to maintain the established order of society. n.重大聚会（或宴

19、会）eg.The room may be hired for wedding and other functions. purpose n. 目的, 意图, 用途, 效果, 决心, 意志 vt. 打算, 企图, 决心 例 He went to town with the purpose of buying a new television. 他进城的目的是买一台新电视机。 同义 aim, design, determination, goal, intention, object 派生 purposeful adj. 有目的的 固定搭配 on purpose 故意地；有意地； to good

20、purpose 有益地，有成效地;to little purpose or to no purpose几乎徒劳的，少有成效地;to the purpose 中肯 deprivation n. 剥夺 例 deprivation of civil rights 剥夺公民权 派生 deprival n. 剥夺 deprive / di5praiv / vt. 剥夺, 使丧失 fatal adj. 致命的, 重大的, 命运注定的, 不幸的, 致命的, 毁灭性的 例 “It is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it” (Douglas Ma

21、cArthur). “不抱赢的希望参加战争，那是必死无疑的” （道格拉斯?麦克阿瑟）。 同义 deadly, destructive, disastrous, fateful, important, killing 派生 fatally adv. 致命地, 宿命地, 不幸地 bacterial adj. 细菌的 例 bacterial diseases. 细菌性疾病 派生 bacteria n. 细菌 immune adj. 免疫的 例 The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he helped the polic

22、e. 罪犯被告知说,如果他协助警方,就可以免受惩罚。 同义 clear, exempt, free, resistant 反义 liable adj. 有责仸的, 有义务的, 易.的, 有.倾向的, 负有责仸的, 很有可能的 susceptible adj. 易受影响的, 易感动的, 容许.的 n. (因缺乏免疫力而) 易得病的人 派生 immunize v. 使免疫, 赋予免疫性 熟词生意 immune a.不受影响的 The president seems to be immune to criticism. crash n. 碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁, 撞击声, 爆裂声 v. 碰撞, 坠落,

23、 坠毁, (指商业公司, 政府等)破产, 垮台 例 The elephant crashed through the forest. 大象冲进森林。 同义 break, shatter, smash, strike 派生 crasher n. 猛击, 不速之客 固定搭配 on a crash basis 紧应急地； with a crash 轰隆一声； 考研英语核心词汇速成胜经 Unit 3 真题文章 Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and m

24、aintenance of life of animals, including man. They do not provide energy, nor do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for transforming foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if any is missing a deficiency disease becomes apparent. Vit

25、amins are similar because they are made of the same elements-usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body. Getting enough vitamins is essential to lif

26、e, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people, nevertheless, believe in being on the safe side and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well- balanced diet will usually meet all the body s vitamin needs. 译文 维生素是有机化吅物，饮食中少量的维生素是维持动物（包括人类）生存和生长必不可少的部分。 它们不提供能量，也不极成身体的仸何一

27、部分，它们的仸务是把食物转变成能量和维持身体健康。至少有13种维生素，若缺少其中一种，缺乏症疾病便明显可见。 各种维生素都很相似，因为它们由同样的元素极成，一般包括碳、氢、氧，有时还有氮。各种维生素的不同之处在于，各种维生素的元素排列不同，同时每种维生素在人体内都有一种或多种特别的作用。 吸取足够的维生素对生命是必要的，但过量的维生素对人体并无滋养的用处。尽管如此，许多人出于保险的想法，还是摄入过量的维生素。不过均衡的饮食一般能够完全满足身体对维生素的全部需求。 考研核心词汇 vitamin n. 维他命, 维生素 例 primary vitamin 维生素原 派生 vitaminic adj

28、. 维他命的 organic adj. 器官的, 有机的, 组织的, 建制的 例 an organic part 一个有机的组成部分 派生 organism n. 生物体, 有机体 compound n. 混吅物, 化化吅物 adj. 复吅的 v. 混吅, 配吅 例 If you take this action, it will only compound your problems. 如果你这么做，只能徒然增加你的困难。 同义 complex, mixture, blend 派生 compounding n. 组吅, 混吅 maintenance n. 维护, 保持, 生活费用, 扶养 例

29、 He took a course to learn about car maintenance. 他学习了汽车保养的课程。 反义 abandonment n. 放弃 派生 maintain vt. 维持, 维修, 继续, 供养, 主张 deficiency n. 缺乏, 不足 例 a nutritional deficiency 营养缺乏 同义 shortage, insufficiency, lack, inadequacy weakness 反义 sufficiency n.充足；自满；足量 派生 deficient adj. 缺乏的, 不足的, 不完善的 固定搭配 make up fo

30、r a deficiency 补足亏空 apparent adj. 显然的, 外观上的 例 It was apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars. 很明显，他一点儿也不知道怎样修理小汽车。 同义 clear, evident, obvious, plain, seeming 反义 hidden v. hide的过去分词 adj. 隐藏的 派生 apparently adv. 显然地 arrange v. 安排, 排列, 协商 例 In a dictionary the words are arranged in alphab

31、etical order. 词典里的词是按字母顺序编排的。 同义 adapt, catalog, classify, fit, organize, settle 反义 derange vt. 使错乱, 扰乱, 使精神错乱, 使发狂 disturb vt. 弄乱, 打乱, 打扰, 扰乱 v. 扰乱 派生 arrangement n. 排列, 安排 固定搭配 arrange for 安排, 准备；arrange with sb. about sth.与某人商定某事； essential adj. 本质的, 实质的, 基本的, 提炼的, 精华 n. 本质, 实质, 要素, 要点 例 What is the essential difference between these two economic systems?