变电站毕业设计外文翻译.docx

1、变电站毕业设计外文翻译山东理工大学 毕业设计（外文翻译材料）Reliability modelling and analysis for Sheffield Substation 220 kV upgrade projectCaroline Lee Transend, Networks Pty Ltd , TasmaniaDr Sudhir Agarwal, San Diego, California, USAABSTRACTThis paper describes the application of a defensible probabilistic process in reliabi

2、lity evaluation for Sheffield 220 kV Substation redevelopment project. Sheffield Substation is a hub of 220 kV transmission system in the North and North-West regions of Tasmania. It provides connection to West Coast and Mersey Forth hydro power stations and facilitates power transfers from these po

3、wer stations to major industrial customers in George Town area and retail andindustrial loads in the North and North-West regions of Tasmania. Therefore, it is important that integrity of Sheffield Substation is protected as much as possible and consequences of unplanned outages minimised to prevent

4、 possible widespread system disturbances.Together with General Reliability from San Diego,California, Transend undertook the reliability evaluation of four redevelopment options for Sheffield Substation using SUBREL, substation reliability and TRANSREL, transmission system reliability programs.1.INT

5、RODUCTION Transend, as a Transmission Service Provider and Transmission Network Operator in Tasmania is responsible for providing reliable electricity supply and providing cost effective development solutions of the transmission network. Transend has identified a need for a comprehensive and more ob

6、jective process in justification of development projects from its capital works program. The need to combine customer reliability targets and economics to achieve cost effective development solutions has been long recognised. A hierarchical framework for overall power system reliability evaluation i

7、s presented in 1.Different design, planning and operating principles and techniques have been developed in different countries over many decades in an attempt to find balance between reliability targets and economic constraints 2.Following the reliability concept and principles, differentutilities a

8、pplied different reliability criteria to justify projects from their capital works program. Reliability criteria can be viewed as conditions that should be satisfied by electricity generation, transmission and distribution systems in order to achieve requiredreliability targets. Reliability criteria

9、 usually fall into two categories: established numerical target levels of reliability (eg level of expected energy not supplied) and performance test criteria (eg N-1, N-2 incidents that the system has to withstand). An attempt to combine these two categories into one set of reliability criteria is

10、currently underway in Tasmania 3. The use of reliability criteria from the first category is the core of probabilistic reliability evaluation approach. The second category is a deterministic reliability evaluation approach. The usefulness of deterministic criteria and security standards in justifica

11、tion of projects from capital works program is challenged in 4. Instead, an approach involving customers in decision making and simulating a realistic system operation and failure is commended. The basic steps suggested in proper reliability evaluations are based on complete understanding of the equ

12、ipment and system behaviour including: Understanding the way the equipment and system operate; Identify the situations in which equipment can fail; Understand consequences of the failures; Incorporate these events into the reliability model; Use the available evaluation techniques tocalculate reliab

13、ility indices and costs.With this understanding of the system behaviour probability theory is then only seen as a tool to transform this understanding into the likely system future behaviour.2. SELECTION OF EVALUATION TECHNIQUE AND SOFTWARE TOOLSThere are two main categories of evaluation techniques

14、5: analytical (stateenumeration) and Monte Carlo simulation. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods are discussed in 1.Analytical technique was chosen by Transend because of its usefulness in comparing different development options for network development projects. This approach was presen

15、ted also in the Electricity Supply Association of Australia Guidelines for Reliability Assessment Planning 6. Consequently, decision was made to acquire SUBREL, and TRANSREL, substation reliability and transmission system reliability programs from General Reliability,USA.2.1. SUBREL - SUBSTATION REL

16、IABILITYPROGRAMSUBREL is a computer program which calculates reliability indices for an electricity utility substation and generating station switchyard 7. The methodology used to analyse impact of substation generated outages on overall system reliability performances has been described in 8. The p

17、rogram models the following outage events, including all required subsequent automatic and manual switching operations:1. Forced outage of any substation component: Breaker Transformer Bus Section Disconnector2. Forced outage of an incoming line.3. Forced outage overlapping a maintenance outage for

18、substation equipment or an incoming line.4. Stuck breaker (failure to open when needed to clear the fault).SUBREL calculates the following load point indices: Frequency of Interruption (per year) Number of Circuits Interruptions (per year) Outage Duration (minutes per outage) Annual Total Outage Dur

19、ation (minutes per year) Customer Minutes of Interruption CMI (per year) Expected Unsupplied Energy (EUE) (kWh per year) Expected Outage Cost ($ per year)SUBREL also calculates the following substation or totalsystem indices: SAIFI, System Average Interruption Frequency Index SAIDI, System Average I

20、nterruption Duration Index CAIDI, Customer Average Interruption Duration Index ASAI, Average Service Availability Index EUE, Expected Unsupplied Energy (kWh per year) Expected Outage Cost ($ per year)SUBREL generates a list of substation generated outages that can be used further by TRANSREL to anal

21、yse impact on overall system reliability performance.2.2. TRANSREL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM RELIABILITY PROGRAMTRANSREL uses contingency enumeration of transmission contingencies to evaluate power network reliability. It is designed to aid electric utility system planners for reliability assessment of bu

22、lk power systems. The process involves specifying contingencies (outages of transmission lines and station originated outages) and performing load flow analysis to determine system problems such as circuit overloads, low/high bus voltages, bus separation or islanding. Using the probability, frequenc

23、y and duration of the contingencies evaluated, indices of system problems as measures of system unreliability are calculated. Both post contingency and post remedial action indices can be calculated. If no remedial actions are taken to alleviate a problem, the post contingency indices may provide a

24、pessimistic assessment of system reliability. If remedial actions such as generation redispatch, switching of facilities, curtailment of load alleviates some of the system problems, the post remedial action reliability indices provide a more realistic measure of system performance. The amount of loa

25、d shedding is used as an indicator of contingency severity or system capability to withstand contingencies. Using probabilities of contingencies, expected load curtailment at buses can be calculated as reliability indices. TRANSREL was used with load flow program, PTI PSS/E to examine the impact of

26、an outage on system performance. The types of failures identified for checking the impact of a contingency on system performance are: Transmission circuit overloads - by comparing flows based on the load flow solution with user selected circuit ratings; Bus voltage violations - by checking bus volta

27、ges against high and low voltage limits, or maximum allowable voltage deviation from the base case; Load curtailment - by tabulating the amount of load curtailed as a result of system failure;Load flow divergence - by tabulating the bus mismatches above a predefined tolerance. TRANSREL computes reli

28、ability indices using a contingency enumeration approach, which involves selection and evaluation of contingencies, classification of each contingency according to specified failure criteria, and computation of reliability indices. Reliability indices include frequency, duration and severity (overlo

29、ads, voltage violations, load curtailed, and energy curtailed). Both system and bus indices are calculated.3.SUBREL AND TRANSREL APPLICATION FOR SHEFFIELD 220 KV SUBSTATION Sheffield Substation is a hub of 220 kV transmission system in the North and North-West regions of Tasmania. As shown on Figure

30、 1, it provides connections from the West Coast and Mersey Forth hydro power stations to the rest of the system. In addition, it supplies Aurora Energy customers in North and North-West regions and major industrial customers in the George Town area.During winter months, from May to September, the am

31、ount of energy supplied through and transferred from Sheffield Substation can reach more than 50% of the energy supplied to the rest of the system as shown in Figure 2.As such, Sheffield Substation has been recognized as a vulnerable point in the Tasmanian power system. The total loss of Sheffield S

32、ubstation during times of large power transfer from West Coast of Tasmania to the rest of the system could possibly lead to a large system disturbance in Tasmania. With the present Sheffield Substation 220 kV layout, the total loss of Sheffield Substation can be caused by a single element failure.3.1. DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS ANALYSEDThe need to redesign the existing substation 220 kV layout has been recognised long time ago. The following three options have been selected for detailed modeling and analysis: Option 1: Triple busbar arrangement