一种新的会计文化外文翻译与原文.docx

1、一种新的会计文化外文翻译与原文外文文献翻译原文：A New Accounting CultureBut no matter how small a minority caused the problems, all of us in the accounting profession are working to solve them. To begin with, we were “present at the creation” of many of the reform ideas that were recently embraced by law. We helped develop

2、 the proposal for a board to oversee auditors of public companies, an idea that evolved into the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. We called for a requirement that auditors be hired by the boards audit committee, not management. We agreed with a prohibition on those who audit public compani

3、es from consulting in two key areas: financial systems design and implementation, and internal audit outsourcing. And we created a public-interest test against which all reforms could be measured: Will it help investors make informed investment decisions? Will it enhance audit quality and the qualit

4、y of financial reporting? Will it help restore confidence in the capital markets, our nations financial reporting system and the accounting profession? Will it be good for Americas financial markets and economic growth? But weve looked beyond legislation. Weve engaged in a long and serious process o

5、f introspection at the AICPA over what went wrong and what must be done to make it right. Let there be no doubt: Hundreds of thousands of members of the CPA profession say “no” every day. “No” means protecting the public interest by rejecting unsound corporate accounting practices. “No” means reduci

6、ng the risk of deceit and fraud. “No” means ensuring that audited statements are not just accurate, but illuminating. “No” means questioning and challenging management. When justified, it means rejecting managements accounting decisions. Saying “no” means saying “yes” to protecting the public intere

7、st. Only if auditors are fully prepared to say “no” will investors be fully prepared to say “yes.” “No” is not always easy to say. But obscured by the recent focus on our profession is the fact that auditors say it every day. These stories rarely come to light because an auditor prevails on clients

8、to do the right thing. Every day, an auditor is telling a corporate executive what must be disclosed, why an item cant be treated in a certain manner or why a certain activity must be shown on the balance sheet. Every year, members of the AICPA collectively conduct almost 17,000 audits of public com

9、panies that are unblemished by restatements or allegations of impropriety. That doesnt even include hundreds of thousands of audits of privately held companies and government and not-for-profit institutions that exemplify the highest standards of integrity. Thats the true spirit of the accounting pr

10、ofession, a spirit we must marshal in pursuit of a fair investment climate. We must strive for zero audit defects, knowing full well that a combination of factors will prevent us from ever achieving perfection. But when a failure occurs, we must be unrelenting in ensuring that its weaknesses are not

11、 repeated. The president and Congress have taken a significant step. The accounting profession is determined to carry the cause forward. We realize that no single initiative will rebuild investor confidence, that no single magic bullet will put fraud or malfeasance to rest. Months of introspection a

12、t the AICPA have brought us to the conclusion that we have six leadership roles to fulfill. All of them require cooperation with other important players, who have jurisdiction in many vital areas. First, the AICPA has a role as a standard setter. While the new Public Company Accounting Oversight Boa

13、rd has broad responsibilities, CPAs have a responsibility to set standards for their own profession, just as professionals do in medicine, engineering and architecture. To ensure that our standard-setting capacity is as robust as possible, the AICPA will make it a priority to obtain greater involvem

14、ent of the users of financial statements in setting auditing standards. We are developing new guidance regarding an auditors potential dependency on fees from large clients, including discussion with audit committees about potential dependency and expanded rotation requirements for key personnel. Th

15、e guidance would also consider compensation policies that reward partners primarily based on auditing proficiencies and policies that prevent a firm from penalizing a partner who says “no” at the risk of losing a client. Second, the AICPA has a role as a liaison between market institutions and corpo

16、rations, jointly shaping programs and policies to guard the interests of investors. Reducing the incidence of financial fraud will require a partnership among auditors, corporate management and all financial professionals, with the goal of achieving an environment of fraud-free financial reporting.

17、We will design antifraud criteria and controls intended for public corporations, targeted for introduction next June. We invite corporate America to work with us. We are calling on the Auditing Standards Board to enhance our existing attestation standard for CPAs to test and report on client antifra

18、ud controls and programs and to develop ways to communicate the results to the public. We will be sponsoring a summit, before the end of this year, of financial executives, corporate directors, audit committees, stock exchanges, analysts and regulators to identify new antifraud initiatives and colla

19、borate in implementing them. Third, the AICPA has a research role. Academic research can provide new insights into the who, what, when, where and why of corporate fraud. These insights will improve corporate-fraud-prevention controls, strengthen undergraduate education and enhance audit procedures t

20、o detect fraud. Today, I am pleased to announce that the AICPA, the University of Texas at Austin and the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners are jointly establishing an Institute for Fraud Studies. We call upon leaders in corporate America and CPA firms to participate in this initiative. We ar

21、e committed to incorporating the research results into the task of standard setting. One of the outcomes must be improved investor education. For that reason, one of the first research projects will be to study how investors can help protect themselves against fraud. Fourth, the AICPA has an educati

22、onal role. We are developing training programs aimed at combating fraud. We will initiate discussions with the American Accounting Association, the Federation of Schools of Accountancy, chairpersons of university accounting programs and college textbook publishers aimed at promptly incorporating fra

23、ud prevention materials into the accounting curriculum and university textbooks. This will give students the knowledge and skills to understand the fundamental characteristics of fraud, identify factors that may indicate it exists and acquire enhanced interviewing techniques. The AICPA will work wit

24、h academic institutions to develop appropriate materials, targeted for inclusion in college courses in the fall of next year. We further believe all members of the AICPA should commit more time to continuing education in the area of fraud detection. While considerable ongoing professional education

25、is required to maintain professional standards, we are calling on audit and finance professionals dealing with public companies to commit at least 10 percent of their continuing education to the area of fraud detection. We are urging stock exchanges to mandate effective antifraud training for all me

26、mbers of management, boards of directors and audit committees. As a public service, by the end of this year, we will develop and make available, free of charge, training programs focusing on the roles and responsibilities of management and those in corporate governance. Fifth, the AICPA has a role t

27、o play in advancing the level of financial reporting. Achieving more transparent financial reporting is central to ensuring fair markets and restoring investor confidence. We are eager to pursue this goal in concert with FASB and with leading corporate organizations. We seek to work with all interes

28、ted parties, but we are prepared to move forward on our own if necessary. One of our first steps is to initiate a debate within the accounting community on how to differentiate between the needs of widely held and privately held businesses, and how to reform GAAP to reflect this reality. Given the m

29、edia focus on public companies, its easy to lose sight of both the importance of small business and its unique reporting needs. As a first step in addressing this, the AICPA is asking all of our committees and those of state societies that deal with small-company issues to put this high on their age

30、ndas. Feedback is due by the first quarter of next year. We will work with FASB to ensure an improved reporting model is built that will provide investors with higher-quality informationaddressing such issues as off-balance-sheet activity, liquidity, financial performance indicators and unreported i

31、ntangibles. In addition, were working with the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants to lead the way in updating the reporting model. Weve jointly developed the Value Measurement and Reporting Collaborative, which brings together stakeholders in the financial reporting process from around the

32、world to determine the best methodologies for value measurements and reporting. This will enable investors to see more information about what makes a company successful. It will also help boards of directors and senior management to make better strategic decisions. We fully support the SECs current proposal to expand and enhance the disclosure of estimates and accounting policies. When the new rules are finalized, we will provide our members with tools to implement it. The additional disclosures should be included either as part of the financial statement disclosures or as part of manag