高考英语句子结构剖析.docx

1、高考英语句子结构剖析高考英语句子结构剖析1、Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldnt be a built-in device for cleaning the window.【句式翻译】注意到司机要很费力的透过覆盖在挡风玻璃上的雪向外看，她不禁想为什么不能有一个内置的设备来清除雪呢。【句式分析】本句是复合句，that和why在句中引导宾语从句，Noticing , c

2、overing和wondering分别作状语、定语和宾补。【词语点拨】notice vt.注意到；看到。常用于notice sb do sth; notice sb doing sth和notice sth done结构中。I didnt notice you wearing a new hat. =I didnt notice you were wearing a new hat. 我没有注意到你戴了一顶新帽子。We noticed Jack leave the house an hour ago.我们注意到杰克一小时前离开了这所房子。No one but Miss Zhou noticed

3、 the flowers on the table changed.除周小姐外，没有人注意到桌子上的花被换过。n.注意；通知The notice was set above the door, and I didnt see it.通知贴在门的上方，我没看见。He is too proud to take notice of others.他很骄傲，不理睬别人。【语法点拨】1）现在分词doing作定语：在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句。单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后。如：The glow of the setting sun is

4、splendid; it is a pity that dusk is fast approaching.夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。He is a businessman growing rich in recent years.他是一位最近几年才发起来的商人。2）分词作宾补：分词一般只在两类动词后作宾补，感官动词(feel，listen to，hear，see，look at, watch，notice，observe) 和使役动词(have, make)。现在分词作宾补表示正在进行的主动意义，过去分词则表示已经完成的被动意义。如：Through the window Jane saw chi

5、ldren playing in the yard.透过窗户简看见孩子们在院子里玩。Maria has had her wallet stolen on her way to school.上学路上，玛利亚的钱包被偷了。2、To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life means getting on with other people and being able to understand and react to situations in the best way possible.【句式翻译】在这个世界中生存并快

6、乐的生活意味着能够与其他人很好的相处, 能够理解形势并以最好的方式作出反应。【句式分析】本句是简单句，句子的主语是To get ahead, means作谓语，getting on with和being able to是并列的宾语。【词语点拨】react v. 反应，做出反应When the sun comes out, the flowers react by opening.当太阳出来的时候，花以张开的形式作出反应。Do children react to kind treatment by becoming more self-confident?对孩子们和善是否会使他们更有信心?【语法

7、点拨】doing作宾语：介词后常接doing作宾语，如：She left the room without saying a word. 她没说什么就离开了房间。有些动词或短语后只能跟动名词作宾语，这类词有：finish, imagine, fancy, insist on, enjoy, escape, consider, cant help（禁不住）, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, keep, resist, appreciate, put offdelay, suggest, advise, allow, permit, forbid, ban,

8、 prohibit, forgive, excuse, risk, tolerate, recommend, stand, feel like, look forward to, preferto等。如：He admitted taking the watch.他承认拿了手表。Much as she likes him, she would never consider marrying him.尽管她很喜欢他, 但她并不打算嫁给他。begin，start，like，prefer, hate后既可接to do也可接doing作宾语，意思差别不大，如：He likes playing/to pl

9、ay basketball.他喜欢打篮球。 stop，try，go on, remember, forget, mean, regret后面用doing或to do 不定式,意思不一样。stop doing停止做 stop to do停下来开始做try doing试一试做 try to do尽力做，企图做go on doing继续做（同一件事） go on to do继续做（不同的事）remember doing 记着做了 remember to do记着要做forget doing忘记做了 forget to do忘记要做mean doing意味着 mean to do打算做regret d

10、oing后悔做了 regret to do遗憾要做比较：I forgot teaching the students the words.我忘记了曾教过学生们这些词。（已经教过）I forgot to teach the students the words.我忘了教学生们这些词。（未教）3、We even have different word for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which S

11、hows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming, while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.【句式翻译】我们甚至对某些食物有不同的单词，特别是肉类，取决于它是长在田野里，还是在家里准备被烹饪，这表明一个事实，即萨克森农民在农田干活，而上层阶级的诺曼人在大吃大喝。【句式分析】本句是复合句, whether引导宾语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，while引导并列句，表对比，depending on作状语。【词语点拨】1）in particu

12、lar 尤其，特别His statement refers to people in general, not to anyone in particular.他的发言是泛指一般情况，不是针对某一个人的。2）depend on 依赖，依靠All living things depend on the sun for their growth.万物靠太阳生长。The plan can have different results depending on the weather.根据天气的不同这项计划会有不同的结果。【语法点拨】doing作状语1）作时间状语Walking in the stre

13、et,I saw him.当我在街上走时，我看到他了。可以转化为一个时间状语从句When/While I was walking in the street,I saw him.Walking in the street,I saw him.我是翻译成”当我在街上走时，我看到他了”而不可以翻译为”当他在街上走时，我看到他了”（这个是因为”分词作状语时其逻辑主语一般要与句中主语保持一致”）2）作条件状语e.g. Working hard,you will succeed. （只要）努力工作，你就会成功。3）作原因状语e.g. Being ill,she stayed at home. （因为）生

14、病，她留在家里。4）作让步状语e.g. Having failed many times,he didnt lost heart. 有很多次失败，他没有灰心。5）作结果状语e.g. His friend died,getting him a lot of money, 他的朋友死了，（所以）给了他很多钱。（注：动词不定式作结果状语通常表示一种出乎意料的结果，常在不定式前加only或never用来强调惊讶或失望；而ing形式作结果状语强调一种必然的因果关系）6）作方式状语e.g. Please answer the question using another way. 请用另一种方式回答这个问

15、题。7）作伴随状语e.g. Look at the people lying on the beach.看那些人正躺在沙滩上。4、The computer burst into life and second later, the screen turned into colors, shifting and changing and then two big white words appeared in the center of the screen: “SPACE TRANSPORTER.”【句式翻译】电脑突然活跃起来，几秒钟后屏幕变成彩色，图像开始不断变换，然后屏幕中间出现两个白色大

16、字：“空间运输车”。【句式分析】本句是并列连词and连接的复合句，shifting and changing在句中作伴随状语。【词语点拨】burst into匆匆进入（某处）；突然开始（某事）；突然进入（某种状态）The door was suddenly pushed open and he burst into the house.门忽然推开，他闯进了屋来。Suddenly the leading car in the race burst into sight.突然，比赛中的那辆领先的车出现了。The plane burst into flames, killing two of the

17、 airmen on board.飞机突然起火, 机上的两名飞行员丧生。【语法点拨】现在分词作状语：现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或几乎是同时发生的，可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如：Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car.他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there.我表兄去深圳了，希望在那儿找份工作。The child fell，striking

18、his head against the door.小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 过去几年里，这个国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了几次致命的地震。Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom.因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for(考虑到)

19、, generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that（假设）等。如：Talking of this film, its wonderful.说到这部电影，好极了。Assuming that it is true, what should we do now?假定那是真的, 我们现在该怎麽办?Judging by the direction of the wind, it wont rain today.根据风向测度, 今天不会下雨。Social psychology, strictly speaking, d

20、eals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说, 社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。5、People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refuse to accept responsibility for the relationship.【句式翻译】现在的人宁可同居，却不愿在结婚证上签字，因为他们拒绝为这种关系负责。【句式分析】本句是复合句，because在句中引导原因状语从句，livin

21、g together， putting their signatures 和to accept都作宾语。【词语点拨】prefer vt.更喜欢；宁愿Some people like to lie on the beach, but I prefer going/to go sightseeing.有些人喜欢在海滩上躺着,但我喜欢去游览.表示“宁愿而不愿”，“喜欢而不喜欢”，其基本句型是： preferto，主要用于比较两个名词或动名词I prefer the seaside to the mountains.我喜欢海边，不喜欢山区。I prefer questioning my pupils

22、to lecturing them.我喜欢少讲课，多提问我的学生。 preferrather than，主要用于比较两个不定式（后面的不定式通常省略to，但前面的不定式必须带to）He prefers to read rather than watch television.他喜欢读书而不喜欢看电视。6、In addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus

23、, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.【句式翻译】除了鼓励把阅读当作所有的人的一种追求外，这个项目还允许陌生人在汽车上通过讨论这本书来交流，同时宣传把阅读当作家庭和学校共享的一次体验。【句式分析】本句是简单句，the program作主语，allows作谓语，strangers作宾语，to communicate作宾补，encouraging 和discussing都作介词宾语。【词语点拨】1)in addition to 除之外，后接名词或动名词 in addi

24、tion 此外；还有In addition to his salary, he has a bonus of 500 yuan per month.除工资外，他每月还有五百元钱奖金。We need money and time; in addition, we need opportunity.我们需要金钱和时间，此外我还需要机遇。2）as well as既又；和。as well as连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。如：The child is lively as well as healthy.这孩子既健康又活泼。We are repairing t

25、he roof as well as painting the walls.我们在粉刷墙壁同时也在修理屋顶。The teacher as well as several students is doing experiments in the lab.老师和几个学生正在实验室做实验。【语法点拨】不定式to do做宾补的用法：常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有advise, cause, expect, force, get, order, permit, tell, want, warn, wish, prefer, allow等。如：The mother permits her son to

26、 play computer games twice a week.这个母亲允许儿子一周玩两次电脑游戏。My teacher told me not to make the same mistake again.老师告诉我不要再犯同样的错误。感官动词feel，listen to，hear，see，look at, watch，notice，observe后和使役动词let，make，have后，跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时，要省略不定式符号to。如：I didnt observe the man open the door and go out.我没看到那个人打开门出去了。I saw Lucy

27、hurry to the station just now.刚才我看见露西匆忙去车站了。He told us a joke, which made us laugh immediately.他给我们讲了一个笑话，让我们立刻笑了。在被动语态中，动词不定式在感官动词后作主语补足语时，不定式符号to不省略。如：The workers are made to work far into the night.工人们被迫干活到深夜。7、I dont know what your expectations are of London, but knowing that youve never travell

28、ed outside of Asia, I thought Id tell you a bit about what you can expect to find.【句式翻译】我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但我知道您从未到过亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以，我想告诉你一点关于你期望找到的东西。【句式分析】本句是有并列连词but连接的复合句,同时包含有四个从句，what your expectations are，that youve never travelled，Id tell you和what you can都是宾语从句；knowing和to find在句中分别作主语和宾语。【词语点拨】expect

29、 v.期望；预期You cant expect to succeed if you attempt tasks above your ability.如果你要做能力达不到的事，就别指望成功。The beauties of the West Lake in spring were beyond his expectation.西湖的春景要比他所预想的更加美丽。【语法点拨】doing可以作主语：很多情况下，相当于to do，有时也可用it 作形式主语。常用doing作主语的句型：It is no good/use doing做没用It is useless doing做没用It is worthw

30、hile doing做是值得的It is useless trying to persuade Miss Li to accept our advice.劝说李小姐接受我们的建议是没有用的。如果doing有自己的逻辑主语，doing前可以用形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格来修饰。如：Toms/his coming late made the manager very angry.汤姆/他来晚了让经理很生气。to do和doing做主语的区别：to do常表示具体的某一动作; doing表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念时，多用动名词。如：Bicycling is a good exercise; mor

31、eover, it doesnt pollute the air.骑自行车是很好的运动; 而且还不污染环境。8、The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities.【句式翻译】摆脱负面的自我形象的最好办法是意识到你的形象远远不是客观的，同时主动地使你相信自己的积极的品质。【句式分析】本句是复合句，that your imag

32、e is是宾语从句，to get rid of在句中作定语，to realize 和to actively convince是并列成分，作表语。【词语点拨】1)far from 远离；远非，远远不是The work he did yesterday is far from perfect.他昨天做的的工作远非十全十美。Far from relieving my cough, the medicine made it worse.这药非但不镇咳，反而使我咳嗽得更厉害。2）convince vt. 使信服；常用于以下结构：convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事。如：You need to conv