高考英语各种题材体裁作文格式与范例.docx

1、高考英语各种题材体裁作文格式与范例高考英语各种题材体裁作文格式与范例高考英语书面表达练习图表作文（格式与范例）高考看图作文的体裁:记叙文：要抓住记叙文的六要素：when, where, who, what, why, how. 即五个“W”和一个“H”。要注意人物与空间的关系，画面与画面的关系，要点与发挥的关系。议论文：（见漫画作文）说明文：（另见图表式作文）常用句型：1.One day / the other day / a couple of days ago / while he was,he.2.It was snowing /raining heavily on Monday /Su

2、nday morning when 3.The picture sets me thinking deeply4.From the picture，we can see .5.It is really an unforgettable day 6.As is shown / indicated in the picture, 7.After seeing the picture ,I was greatly shocked by 8.This is a funny and instructive picture. In the picture, a young man 9.We can lea

3、rn from the picture that 10.The picture shows that11.This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.例题展示1：（2004年广东）假设你是下图的李华。请根据图画所提供的信息，写一篇英语作文，描述昨天晚上邻居看足球赛影响你学习的情况，并描写你随后与邻居交涉的过程(如：你向邻居提出要求，对方向你表示歉意等。)注意：1. 词数：801202. 可以编写对话或其它叙述方式描写你与邻居的交涉过程One possible version:Last night I was preparing for

4、 the coming examination when the noise from my neighbor interrupted me. The noise went on and on. It was so loudly that I could hardly pay attention to my study any longer. So I went to my neighbors house and said to him: “Excuse me, would you please turn down the TV? Im preparing tomorrows examinat

5、ion.” Having heard these words, his face went red. And he said, “Ok, Ill turn it down. Li Hua, Im very sorry to have made so much noise. Just now, the football was very wonderful. I was too excited to control myself. I wont do that again. Good luck in your coming examination. ” After that, I got dow

6、n to my study.议论文：漫画作文属于图画作文的一种。英语漫画作文，就是根据漫画所描述的内容，按照要求和提示写一篇英语短文。英语漫画作文常以讽刺画和幽默画为主，要求学生根据自己的认识水平，解读画面，展开想象，议论，揭示自己对生活的理解，使人受到教育。漫画作文多以叙述结合议论为主。探究异同：1. 与一般图画作文的区别：图画作文只是对图画内容进行描写，形成一篇符合逻辑，行文连贯的文章。2. 与图画开放作文的区别：开放式作文根据图画内容围绕主题，从不同的角度立意，有相当大的自由发挥空间，可以自圆其说。3. 漫画作文：漫画作文要通过对画面的描述，揭示画面所蕴含的实质，并与现实生活联系起来，从

7、而打到讽刺或教育的目的。漫画作文所揭示的实质只有一个，抛开这一主题就是离题，这才是漫画作文的关键所在。写作攻略：漫画作文写作主要通过三步完成：第一步：认真观察，正确叙述画面内容。画面的主体往往是人物。要仔细观察画面中人物的形体，相貌，表情，语言，动作等，推测人物的思想面貌，尤其注意人物在干什么；还要观察周围环境，弄清事件发生的时间，地点以及和事件有关的情况，然后把这些信息连贯性地表达出来，使静止的画面“活动化”。平面的事物“立体化”。通常以记叙为主，用一般现在时态或一般过去时态，第三人称。第二步：选点立意。通过收集画面所提供的内容，去粗取精，揣摩画意，揭示实质，得出结论。第三步：引发评论。与现

8、实生活联系，由此及彼地加以联想与引申，在画面意义的基础上联想到另一层新的内容，发表自己的看法，可以提出一些建议和办法。第二和第三步没有明显界线。可以一气呵成，以议论为主。常用句型;1.开头：This is a picture about/ In the picture we can see/ From the picture it can be seen that/ Lets look at the picture2.结尾段：It is not right that/ If they do like that/ We can draw a conclusion that/ The story

9、tells us that / It teaches us a lesson3.承接词汇及句型：in my opinion / in our daily life / nowadays / As the proverb says / Im sure / meanwhile / however / at the same time / but / so / as a result / Do you think so?.4.另外，漫画作文在揭示实质后往往会有精彩的谚语，格言，成语等出现，给文章添彩不少。如：No pains, no gains. / All work and no play mak

10、es Jake a dull boy. / Dripping water wears through rock./ Constant effort brings success.（滴水能穿石，功到自然成）/Use “one stone” to kill “two birds”（一石击双鸟）例题展示1：简要描述图片，并谈谈你对学生在业余时间参加过多的补习和培训的看法。（一）内容要点：1描述文字说明：1） 学生被迫上很多补习班2） 无兴趣可言2议论文字说明：1） 太多的补习班是浪费时间2） 学习要有兴趣3） 家长不要强迫孩子参加补习4） 表达希望（二）One possible version:Lo

11、oking at this picture，you will understand better “Too much work makes Jack a dull boy”. He has to go to so many training classes besides his school classes. Life is no fun at all for him. Holidays and weekends have become dull work-days. He is too tired to learn these lessons well with no interest.I

12、n my opinion, spare-time training courses are a waste of time for many students. They might do better when they show interest in what they are learning. Please dont force these students to do what they are not willing to, and when learning is fun, surely they will do better than we expect!（三）文章结构和套语

13、：Looking at this picture, you will understand better “Too much work makes Jack a dull boy”. He has to besides his school classes. Life is . have become . He is In my opinion, for many students. They might when they what they are learning. Please dont what they, and when learning is fun, surely 例题展示2

14、：根据图画内容，以“We Want Our Schoolbags Lighter”题，用英语写一篇100词左右的短文。短文须包括以下要点，不得逐条翻译。1.简单描述漫画的内容；2.作业负担过重；3.精讲精练；4.参加体育锻炼和社会活动。We Want Our Schoolbags LighterThe picture shows that a girl is wearing a pair of glasses and carrying a big heavy schoolbag, and a woman is doing some exercise. The girl says to the

15、woman, “If you carry the schoolbag for me, Im sure you will lose some weight.”As is well-known, we Chinese students are overburdened with lessons and homework which our teachers have given us. All that we do every day is to listen to our teachers lessons, to take notes and do our homework which seem

16、s endless.We do hope our teachers will help us get more knowledge with fewer lectures, exercises and less homework. Only in this way will we have spare time to do more physical exercise and make us stronger, and we will have more spare time to take part in some social activities, which makes us all

17、mentally and physically healthier.例题展示3. 根据以下图画再结合你的想象，写出一篇100字左右的短文：It is the old mans birthday today. Now he is sitting on a sofa alone. Maybe his wife has been dead. On the right side is a big birthday cake sent by his son. And there are also some presents given by his daughter on the left. Yet t

18、he old man doesnt feel happy. Instead, he looks very sad because he is lonely.Our life is getting better and better than before. Some people think that old people will be satisfied as long as they have enough to eat and drink. I think they are quite wrong. Old people easily get lonely because they h

19、ave no work to do. So we should spend as much time together with them as we can and take care of them in every possible way.说明文：高考“看图作文”的应试策略。一、审题审题是“看图作文”的第一关。审题准确，文章的大致框架也就初步形成了。要做到审题准确，应注意三个方面：文体、人称和时态。作文要求写什么？是通知、日记、书信还是？不同文体的格式要求是什么？应该用什么人称和时态来写？。二、审图审图即领悟情境，这是看图作文成败的关键。在审图过程中应处理好三个关系：（一）人物与时空的

20、关系每幅画面都包含一些特定的细节(details)，具体反映在人物与时空的特定关系上，即何时？何地？何人？做什么？（二）局部与整体的关系处理好这一关系就是要学会梳理细节，寻找画面与画面之间的联系纽带。要多问How和Why等问题，学会发现哪些细节已发生了变化，又是围绕什么而变化的，从而把握住故事的线索和主题。（三）要点齐全与适当发挥的关系准确审图后，接着便是领悟情景，恰当归纳出每幅画面的主题。每幅画面都包括一个具体内容，每个内容都是由若干信息组成的，有用的信息组合起来便形成一个要点。并可根据要点适当发挥，有效排除干扰信息，避免东拉西扯，节外生枝，从而去粗取精，真正做到正确分析和筛选有效信息。如9

21、9年的六幅画，通过恰当的分析和组合归纳出六个要点：1. 集合、出发；2. 到达；3. 参观；4. 野餐；5. 娱乐；6. 告别；三、表述语言表达尽管角度不同，形式多样，但所用的词句贴切得体、简洁明了、浅显易懂是它的特点。在语言表达上应掌握三个原则：遣词造句正确为先；上下行文流畅为好；通篇描述有文采则妙。（一）正确为先所谓“正确为先”就是所写的每一句话应该符合英语语言的规范，做到没有英语词法和句法错误，尽量避免生硬翻译和汉语式的英语倾向。为此，应当做到：多用常用词。纵观近年来的看图作文题，所用动词都是英语中最为常用的熟词。98NMET: visit / go / show around / se

22、e / grow / have / tell / play / pass / know / say等；99NMET: be / hear from / write / tell / take place / stand / plant / hope / come / see等；2000NMET: be / walk along / come out of / see / drive up / turn / hit / cross / fall / notice等；2002 NMET: take part in / set out / carry / be / climb / swim / pu

23、sh / find / get / lose / arrive / make / start / spend / learn / forget等。由此看来，学好常用动词及其短语的用法是提高书面表达能力的重要保证。多用简单句。简单句易于表达且结构清楚；从句型语法角度来看，易于把握；从词汇角度来看，词类和搭配中常见的错误也易于发现。信息密集的长句要分解成两个或两个以上的简单句。尤其对于写作能力不强的同学们而言，多用简单句可以尽量减少错误表达的出现。3选用熟练句。英语的一句话可以有多种表达形式，即一句多译。在平时的学习过程中，就要进行多角度全方位的发散性思维训练，培养自己灵活运用语言的能力。如97N

24、MET中的第二个要点“在十字路口被两人拦住”就可以有以下不同的表达方式：1）When getting to the crossroads, we were stopped by a man and a girl. 2）At the crossroads, we were stopped by a young man and a lady. 3）When we reached (got to) the crossroads, a young man and a girl came up and stopped us.写作时要用自己最熟练、把握最大的“拿手句”，如果确有疑难，应“绕道而行”，改用近

25、义句。没有把握的句子要尽量少写或不写，写不出的句子绝不要硬写，最忌不顾英语句型生搬硬套，甚至胡编乱造。（二）流畅为好评价一篇作文好坏的一条重要原则就是“上下文连贯”，让读者有一种“通篇流畅、一气呵成”的感觉。这就要有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，行文连贯。为达此目的，要时刻注意做到：1巧用过渡词。常用的过渡词有表时间顺序的：first / second / soon / then / now / finally / at last；表空间顺序的：here / there / on / under / in front of / next to；表并列关系的：and / also /

26、 too / as well as / therefore / so；表转折关系的：but / yet / however / though / otherwise；表因果关系：because (of) / since / as a result (of)等。2善用指代词。英语里，为了避免重复和连接上下文，对于出现过的非关键性的词和短语，常可使用指代词进行替代。如： One day, my brother and I went to the cinema. went by bike. (指代名词) He said hed tell me the news, but he didnt do .

27、(指代动词) -Do you think hell come tomorrow? -I think . (指代从句)（三）有文采则妙要写出达到高档次的作文，该文必须具有文采，给人耳目一新，与众不同的感觉。具体做法1多用结构词。重要的一条就是“应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性”。对于写作基础扎实、基本功较好的同学，就不能停留在多写简单句上了。要学会在写作中运用较多的语法结构和词汇，使表达丰富多彩，尽量避免词的重复，要会写各种复合句，会用非谓语动词等。2多写漂亮句。要是自己的作文描写生动，语言活泼，就要学会写出几个漂亮的句子来。这就要求在平时的学习过程中积累课内外一切有用的习惯表达和典型句子，如强

28、调句、虚拟句、感叹句、非谓语动词句型、it句型、with句型以及各种典型的从句等，从而使自己的作文锦上添花。3写好开篇句和结尾句。要使自己的作文有文采，写好“开篇句”和“结尾句”显得尤为重要。很多考生往往忽略这一点，以致开篇第一句就犯了大错，要么人称时态用错，要么文体格式弄错，要么词法句法出错等。知道，语篇一般在段落的开头有反映该段中心思想的主题句，让读者一眼就能把握整段内容个概要。一篇写得较好的文章的开头要击中要害，开门见山，对整段乃至整篇进行“交代”或“概括”。这就要求在平时的写作训练中多问像 “How to begin the writing?” “What is to be writt

29、en first?” “Whats the main sentence at the beginning?”等问题，从而归纳出开篇句的一些基本规律。如一般包括四个要素，即：Who? What? When? Where? 下面的几个“开篇句”给提供了示范：1）One day my parents went to work in the fields taking my sister and Ah Fu along.(93MET)2）The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bike.(97NMET)3）Today we visite

30、d a farm.(98NMET)4）It was 7:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000.(2000NMET)5）Li Ming and I took part in a wilderness survival program yesterday.(2002NMET)此外，写好“结尾句”和写好“开篇句”一样重要。“结尾句”又叫结句、照应句、心得句或点题句。切忌虎头蛇尾，相当一部分同学因为时间安排不合理，甚至没有结尾句。下面的几个“结尾句”就写得很有水准：1）It was our brave Ah Fu who had saved my little s

31、ister.(93MET)2）Hope you dont have to wait as long as we did. Good luck!(97NMET)3）Before we knew it, we had to say good-bye to the workers.(98NMET)4）About two minutes later, I stopped a car and took the old man to the nearest hospital.(2000NMET)5）It was quite an experience for us both, which Ill never forget for the rest of my life. (2002NMET)四、修改一篇初步完成的语篇还须经过认真细致的修改才能最后定稿。怎样修改？一方面平时要养成复查自校的习惯；另一方面，还应学会一些修改校对的方法。比如：1. 人称、时态、文体格式是否符合写作要求；2. 要点是否齐全，有无遗漏；3. 表示并列、转折、因果等的关联词，以及习语搭配、分词和从句等是否有误；4. 总的词数是否符合要求等。另外还应注意写作中容易忽视的一些问题：主谓一致、指代分明、单词拼写正确、书写工整以及标点正确等。例题展示1。