1、大学英语四六级段落匹配真题卷一卷二附答案2017年6月大学英语六级真题试卷一Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information
2、is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.ThePriceofOilandthePriceofCarbonA)Fossilfuelpricesarelikelytostaylowforlong.Notwithstandingimportantrecentprogressindevelopingrene
3、wablefuelsources,lowfossilfuelpricescoulddiscouragefurtherinnovationin,andadoptionof,cleanerenergytechnologies.Theresultwouldbehigheremissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases. B)Policymakersshouldnotallowlowenergypricestoderailthecleanenergytransition.Actiontorestoreappropriatepriceincentives,
4、notablythroughcorrectivecarbonpricing,isurgentlyneededtolowertheriskofirreversibleandpotentiallydevastatingeffectsofclimatechange.Thatapproachalsooffersfiscalbenefits. C)Oilpriceshavedroppedbyover60%sinceJune2014.Acommonlyheldviewintheoilindustryisthatthebestcureforlowoilpricesislowoilprices.Thereas
5、oningbehindthissayingisthatlowoilpricesdiscourageinvestmentinnewproductioncapacity,eventuallyshiftingtheoilsupplycurvebackwardandbringingpricesbackupasexistingoilfieldswhichcanbetappedatrelativelylowmarginalcostaredepleted.Infact,inlinewithpastexperience,capitalexpenditureintheoilsectorhasdroppedsha
6、rplyinmanyproducingcountries,includingtheUnitedStates.Thedynamicadjustmenttolowoilpricesmay,however,bedifferentthistimearound. D)Oilpricesareexpectedtoremainlowerforlonger.Theadventofnewtechnologieshasaddedabout4.2millionbarrelsperdaytothecrudeoilmarket,contributingtoaglobalover-supply.Inaddition,ot
7、herfactorsareputtingdownwardpressureonoilprices:changeinthestrategicbehavioroftheOrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries,theprojectedincreaseinIranianexports,thescaling-downofglobaldemand(especiallyfromemergingmarkets),thelong-termdropinpetroleumconsumptionintheUnitedStates,andsomedisplacementofoi
8、lbysubstitutes.Theselikelypersistentforces,likethegrowthofshale(页岩)oil,pointtoalowforlongscenario.Futuresmarkets,whichshowonlyamodestrecoveryofpricestoaround$60abarrelby2019,supportthisview. E)Naturalgasandcoalalsofossilfuelshavesimilarlyseenpricedeclinesthatlooktobelong-lived.Coalandnaturalgasarema
9、inlyusedforelectricitygeneration,whereasoilisusedmostlytopowertransportation,yetthepricesofalltheseenergysourcesarelinked.TheNorthAmericanshalegasboomhasresultedinrecordlowpricesthere.TherecentdiscoveryofthegiantZohrgasfieldofftheEgyptiancoastwilleventuallyhaveimpactonpricingintheMediterraneanregion
10、andEurope,andthereissignificantdevelopmentpotentialinmanyotherplaces,notablyArgentina.Coalpricesalsoarelow,owingtoover-supplyandthescaling-downofdemand,especiallyfromChina,whichbumshalfoftheworldscoal. F)Technologicalinnovationshaveunleashedthepowerofrenewablessuchaswind,hydro,solar,andgeothermal(地热
11、).EvenAfricaandtheMiddleEast,hometoeconomiesthatareheavilydependentonfossilfuelexports,haveenormouspotentialtodeveloprenewables.Forexample,theUnitedArabEmirateshasendorsedanambitioustargettodraw24%ofitsprimaryenergyconsumptionfromrenewablesourcesby2021. G)Progressinthedevelopmentofrenewablescouldbef
12、ragile,however,iffossilfuelpricesremainlowforlong.Renewablesaccountforonlyasmallshareofglobalprimaryenergyconsumption,whichisstilldominatedbyfossilfuels30%eachforcoalandoil, 25%fornaturalgas.Butrenewableenergywillhavetodisplacefossilfuelstoamuchgreaterextentinthefuturetoavoidunacceptableclimaterisks
13、. H)Unfortunately,thecurrentlowpricesforoil,gas,andcoalmayprovidelittleincentiveforresearchtofindevencheapersubstitutesforthosefuels.Thereisstrongevidencethatbothinnovationandadoptionofcleanertechnologyarestronglyencouragedbyhigherfossilfuelprices.Thesameistruefornewtechnologiesforalleviatingfossilf
14、uelemissions. I)Thecurrentlowfossilfuelpriceenvironmentwillthuscertainlydelaytheenergytransitionfromfossilfueltocleanenergysources.Unlessrenewablesbecomecheapenoughthatsubstantialcarbondepositsareleftundergroundforaverylongtime,ifnotforever,theplanetwilllikelybeexposedtopotentiallycatastrophicclimat
15、erisks. J)Someclimateimpactsmayalreadybediscernible.Forexample,theUnitedNationsChildrensFundestimatesthatsome11millionchildreninAfricafacehunger,disease,andwatershortagesasaresultofthestrongestElNino(厄尔尼诺)weatherphenomenonindecades.ManyscientistsbelievethatElNinoevents,causedbywarminginthePacific,ar
16、ebecomingmoreintenseasaresultofclimatechange. K)NationsfromaroundtheworldhavegatheredinParisfortheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConference,COP21,withthegoalofauniversalandpotentiallylegally-bindingagreementonreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Weneedverybroadparticipationtofullyaddresstheglobaltragedythatres
17、ultswhencountriesfailtotakeintoaccountthenegativeimpactoftheircarbonemissionsontherestoftheworld.Moreover,non-participationbynations,ifsufficientlywidespread,canunderminethepoliticalwillofparticipatingcountriestoact. L)ThenationsparticipatingatCOP21arefocusingonquantitativeemissions-reductioncommitm
18、ents.Economicreasoningshowsthattheleastexpensivewayforeachcountryistoputapriceoncarbonemissions.Thereasonisthatwhencarbonispriced,thoseemissionsreductionsthatareleastcostlytoimplementwillhappenfirst.TheInternationalMonetaryFundcalculatesthatcountriescangeneratesubstantialfiscalrevenuesbyeliminatingf
19、ossilfuelsubsidiesandlevyingcarbonchargesthatcapturethedomesticdamagecausedbyemissions.Ataxonupstreamcarbonsourcesisoneeasywaytoputapriceoncarbonemissions,althoughsomecountriesmaywishtouseothermethods,suchasemissionstradingschemes.Inordertomaximizeglobalwelfare,everycountryscarbonpricingshouldreflec
20、tnotonlythepurelydomesticdamagefromemissions,butalsothedamagetoforeigncountries. M)Settingtherightcarbonpricewillthereforeefficientlyalignthecostspaidbycarbonuserswiththetruesocialopportunitycostofusingcarbon.Byraisingrelativedemandforcleanenergysources,acarbonpricewouldalsohelpalignthemarketreturnt
21、oclean-energyinnovationwithitssocialreturn,spurringtherefinementofexistingtechnologiesandthedevelopmentofnewones.Anditwouldraisethedemandfortechnologiessuchascarboncaptureandstorage,spurringtheirfurtherdevelopment.Ifnotcorrectedbytheappropriatecarbonprice,lowfossilfuelpricesarenotaccuratelysignaling
22、tomarketsthetruesocialprofitabilityofcleanenergy.Whilealternativeestimatesofthedamagefromcarbonemissionsdiffer,anditsespeciallyhardtoreckonthelikelycostsofpossiblecatastrophicclimateevents,mostestimatessuggestsubstantialnegativeeffects. N)Directsubsidiestoresearchanddevelopmenthavebeenadoptedbysomeg
23、overnmentsbutareapoorsubstituteforacarbonprice:theydoonlypartofthejob,leavinginplacemarketincentivestoover-usefossilfuelsandtherebyaddtothestockofatmosphericgreenhousegaseswithoutregardtothecollateral(附带的)costs. O)ThehopeisthatthesuccessofCOP21opensthedoortofutureinternationalagreementoncarbonprices
24、.Agreementonaninternationalcarbon-pricefloorwouldbeagoodstartingpointinthatprocess.Failuretoaddresscomprehensivelytheproblemofgreenhousegasemissions,however,exposesallgenerations,presentandfuture,toincalculablerisks.36.Anumberoffactorsaredrivingdowntheglobaloilpricesnotjustfornowbutintheforeseeablef
25、uture.37.Pricingcarbonprovesthemosteconomicalwaytoreducegreenhousegasemissions.38.ItisestimatedthatextremeweatherconditionshaveendangeredthelivesofmillionsofAfricanchildren.39.Thepricesofcoalarelowasaresultofover-supplyanddecreasingdemand.40.Higherfossilfuelpricesprovetobeconducivetoinnovationandapp
26、licationofcleanertechnology.41.Iffossilfuelpricesremainlowforalongtime,itmayleadtohigheremissionsofgreenhousegases.42.Fossilfuelsremainthemajorsourceofprimaryenergyconsumptionintodaysworld.43.Evenmajorfossilexportingcountrieshavegreatpotentialtodeveloprenewableenergies.44.Greenhousegasemissions,ifno
27、tproperlydealtwith,willposeendlessrisksformankind.45.Itisurgentforgovernmentstoincreasethecostofusingfossilfuelstoanappropriateleveltolessenthecatastrophiceffectsofclimatechange.2017年6月大学英语六级考试真题(第二套)Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached t
28、o it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Elite Math Competitions Struggle to Diversify Their Talent PoolA Interest in elite high school math competitions has grown in recent years, and in light of last summers U.S. win at the International Math
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