时态与语态.docx

1、时态与语态时态和语态一一般现在时do/does am /is/are1. 一般现在时表示经常、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。常和 always, often, usually, sometimes，every day/month/year,等表示时间的状语连用I am a teacher.We are Chinese.She goes to work every day.He always helps others.一般现在时中的频度副词分为四种：a. 单个频度副词：always, often, usually, sometimes，frequently, rarely, seldom, nev

2、er, everb. 表示具体到那一天或具体到一天当中的某个时间段的时候用：on Sundays, on Monday morning , in the afternoon/evening等。c. 由“every+表示时间的名词”所构成的时间状语every day/month/year/morning/after/evening.等。d. 表示频率的词组：“几次+时间段”once a year , twice a month , three times a week(从第三次起用”基数词+times”)She often plays the piano.We usually go out fo

3、r a walk.He is never late for school.Do you ever hear it?He often does some reading in the morning.She does morning exercise every day.My grandparents often go out for a walk twice a day.Tom rarely hands in his homework on time.Sometimes he watches TV.I seldom eat junk food.2、表示客观规律或普遍真理,格言以及其他不受任何时

4、间限制的客观存在。There are seven days in a week.The earth goes round the sun.The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.The water boils at 100.Actions speaks louder than words. 行动胜于言辞。（谚语）3. 表示主语现在的特征，性格和状态。The dictionary belongs to me.( 状态)Jenny is a pretty girl.( 特征)4. 在连词if, unless, suppose, as long

5、as等引导的条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作。If it is fine tomorrow, well have a football match.As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.5. 在由 when, before, as soon as, until ,once, the moment(that), 等引导的时间状语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来的动作。Ill ring you up before I leave the office.When I finish my homework, Ill tell you

6、 a story.I will go with you as soon as I finish my task.6. 在由no matter who / what/ which/ when/ where/how 或whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however引导的让步状语从句中，从句用一般现在时表示将来。主句常出现will/ shall/ can / must 或祈使句，以此表示将来的时态。Whatever you say ,I will not change my mind.Wherever you go, you can

7、 meet friendly people.However hard the work is, you must finished it on time.Whatever you do, please be honest.7、表示安排或计划要做的事情（带有时间状语），在此结构中常用的谓语动词有go, come, leave, start, stop, open, return, arrive, begin, close 等 表示位移或方向动词，都表示近期时间内的计划或安排。（近期将来）My train leaves at 6:30 this morning.-He arrives in Sha

8、nghai the day after tomorrow.We start at 8 tomorrow morning for Beijing.8. 以here , there 开头的句型用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。Here comes a bus.There goes the bell.9. 在某种语境中，要用一般过去时表现在（暗示现在不这样了）。- Oh , how nice of you! I never thought you were going to bring me a gift.10. 一般现在时还可用在戏剧,电影的剧本解说，体育比赛的解说以及图片的说明等场合。 Tom c

9、arries the ball to the left. 汤姆把球带到左方。 The picture shows us how they built the motorway last year. 这张照片给我们展示了他们去年如何建设高速公路。二一般过去时：did ; be (was/were ) was/were+ P.P1.一般过去时表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态。常与yesterday, yesterday morning(afternoon, evening) ,in +年代，this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last nigh

10、t / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, at that time , in the past连用。 Tom came to China two years ago. Jenny graduated from university in 2005. They went to the park last Sunday . We played football yesterday afternoon. He was an engineer at that time.2. 表示在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。常与every day ,o

11、ften，always，usually,sometimes，frequently, rarely, seldom, never, 等频度副词连用。We often played together at that time. When I was in the countryside, I sometimes swam in the river.John did morning exercise every day when he was a university student.3. used to do和would do 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 used to do强调今昔对比。 w

12、ould do 不强调今昔对比，说不定跟以前一样。 He used to smoke a lot, but he doesnt now. What we used to think was impossible but now does seem possible. Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 4. 一般过去时表示过去发生的一连串动作。 The monkey jumped off the tree, picked up a big stone and threw it at us. He opened the door, rus

13、hed out and then disappeared. 5. 在时间，条件，让步状语从句中，从句用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。He said he would wait until they came back. They said they would come to see me if he got there.6. 动词的过去式变化规则: (1) 一般在动词后加-ed。offeroffered, weighweighed, destroy destroyed, (2) 在以字母e结尾的动词后，只加-d。likeliked, provideprovided, (3) 在以“辅音字母+

14、y”结尾的动词后，则改y为i，再加ed。supplysupplied, flyflied, study studied(4) 在以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed。planplanned, referreferred, regretregretted, banbanned. 动词的过去式不规则变化通常需要逐个记忆。注意：有些动词的过去时，expect, hope, intend, plan, wanted 等一般过去时，后接不定式的完成时；或它们的过去完成时接不定式的一般式，都可表示过去未曾实现的意图、打算或希望。I hoped to have b

15、een invited to his wedding party. I had hoped to be invited to his wedding ceremony. 我本希望他来邀请我参加他的婚礼。I intended to have joined their games. I had intended to join their games. 我本打算参加他们的比赛。三一般将来时1.a.“will+V.原形”表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 soon, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year/month/ week/day, some

16、day, from now on, in the future等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I shall/will go to Beijing next month. I dont know what will happen in the future. b.“will+V.原形”还可以表示事物固有的属性或必然趋势。Fish will die without water. C .用“will（shall仅用于第一人称）+V.原形”条件： 表示单纯的未来 不能用于条件句中 表示必然的将来 表意愿，决心 He will come here to join us tomorrow.2. be goi

17、ng to +V原：多用于口语中，表示计划打算做某事；表示通过客观迹象预示着 Im going to see the film tonight.(计划打算) Look at the dark clouds , it is going to rain soon.(客观迹象预示着)3.be about to do sth. 和 be on the point of doing sth. 都表示“即将或正要做某事”，不与时间状语连用，但可与when从句连用，（与when连用常用过去时态）。 The train is about to start. I was about to prepare for

18、 the dinner when someone knocked at the door. I was on the point of sleeping when the telephone rang.4.be to +V.原 a .按计划或安排要做的事.We are to attend the meeting.She is to be married next month.Tom is to visit his grandparents this weekend.此结构可用于过去时态，表示“过去计划将要做的事，但不表明是否实施”。I felt very nervous because I w

19、as soon to leave home for the first time.用“was/were to have done sth.” 表示过去计划做某事但未曾实现。We were to have told you,but you were not in.b. 表示“应该”相当于情态动词should 和 ought toYou were to report to the police.What is to be done?c,表示“必须”相当于情态动词must和have toYou were to finish the task in two hours.d.表示“想要打算”,相当于wa

20、nt，intendIf we were to be there before ten,we will have to go now.e.用于否定句中，表示禁止（命令），相当于mustntThe books in the reading room are not to be taken outside.You are not to smoke here .f. 用于第一人称疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。What are we to do next?Am I go on with the work?g. 表示“可能，可以”，相当于can ,may .Such people are to be fou

21、nd everywhere.This news is to be found in the newspaper.h.were to be do用于if 或even if/though引导的从句中，表示对未来的假设。 If I were to tell you that I killed him,would you believe me?Even if the sun were to rise in the west,I would never do such a thing.5. 位移动词或方向动词go, come, leave, start, stop, open, return, arri

22、ve, begin, close，move, set out 等用一般现在时或现在进行时表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作或状态。（近期的将来）My train leaves at 6:30 this morning.-He arrives in Shanghai the day after tomorrow.We start at 8 tomorrow morning for Beijing.What are you going to do this Friday evening?6.祈使句 + and/or +主语+ will/ wont Work hard and you will pass

23、 the exam. Don,t be lazy or you wont get a whole salary. 四过去将来时态讲解及练习(立足过去，着眼未来）1.过去将来时一般不独立使用，常跟在宾语从句和间接引语中。它表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的某个动作或存在的某种状态。(would +V.原)Mary told me that she would go to Shanghai by plane.She said she would come here to join us the following day.He asked me if I would stay here.2. was

24、 / were going to +V.原：过去计划，打算将要做的事。She said that she was going to take an exam.We wanted to know whether she was going to speak at the meeting.3. was/were about to do sth.和was/were on the point of doing sth.“即将做某事 /正要做某事”，常与when连用。I was on the point of cooking when someone knocked at the door.4. was

25、/were to + V.原：过去按计划将要做的事，但不表明是否实施。I was very nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 注意：were to do sth.用于if /even if /even though 引导的从句，表示对将来的假设。If you were to ask Harry what was in the bottle,he would tell you that it contained perfumed mud。Even If the sun were to riseinthewes

26、t,I would never do such a thing.五现在进行时be( am, is, are)+V.-ing 被动：am / is/ are)+being+P.P1,表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。Please dont make so much noise. Im writing a composition.Its four oclock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground.Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. Look! They

27、 are reading over there under the tree.Listen! She is singing in the room. Where is Kate? She is reading in the room. Why are you crying? Is something wrong?2,表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。We are working in a factory these days. They are compiling a dictionary. 这类情况常与today今天，this week这个星期，this evening今天晚上，thes

28、e days现在、目前等时间状语连用。3, 表示说话人现在对主语的行为表示赞叹或厌恶。常与always，usually，continually，constantly，forever等副词连用。Hes always quarrelling with others. She is constantly worrying about her sons health.The boy is forever asking questions. e，go， leave，depart，arrive，reach，start，return 等卫衣，方向动词用于现在进行时表示最近的计划或安排。主语必须是人。They

29、 are leaving for New York tomorrow. Is your brother departing soon? He is coming to see me the day before after tomorrow.5.当句中还有look,listen, can you see.,cant you see. 之类的暗示语时，要使用现在进行时。Listen ! Someone is singing in next room. Its so beautiful.Be quiet,please!Cant you see the baby is sleeping.6. 下列动

30、词不能用于现在进行时1）.表示好恶的动词（ 喜欢/不喜欢）:like ,dislike, hate.2）.表示希望的动词： hope,wish, want, would like.3）.表示归属的动词：have，belong4）.表示思维，理解，知识的动词：know，forget，understand，think等。7,有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情。How are you feeling today? （How do you feel today?）你今天感觉如何？I am looking （look）forward to your next visit.

31、 我盼望你下次再来。Why are you looking（do you look）so sad? 为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子呢？完成，find发现，rise增强等.6.过去进行时 was/were +V.-ing 1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态。这个时间可以通过上下文暗示，也可通过时间状语来体现。常用表示过去的时间状语有：then,at that time,this time,yesterday,at ten yesterday,yesterday morning/afternoon/evening.I was doing my homework this time yesterday.Jenny was cooking when I knocked at the door.I was playing computer games while my parents were watching TV.2.过去进行时常与always，constantly，cont