大学英语六级考试写作指导.docx

1、大学英语六级考试写作指导大学英语六级考试写作指导第一节 作文试题分析一六级作文试题分类 六级作文从试题角度可以分为现象解释型、问题解决型、对比选择型、观点论证型与应用文五种类型。1现象解释型此类作文在六级考试作文中最为常见。命题主要要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释并加以评论，其基本结构是：首先说明现状；其次阐述这种现状产生或存在的原因；最后做出分析，提出建议或总结观点。例如：2003年6月六级真题2问题解决型 此类作文要求考生从提示性文字或图表、图画入手，解释提示性文字、图表、图画反映出的问题，提出问题的危害性或解决这一问题的紧迫性；然后对问题展开分析，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施；最后一段要求

2、考生表明自己的态度、做法等。如2000年1月真题。3对比选择型此类作文同样是六级考试中常见的类型，它的标志十分明显。作文题目要求较明确，富有针对性，即直接要求考试比较两种观点或做法，进而表明自己对问题或事务的态度或观点，也就是做出选择。例如：2000年6月，1999年6月六级真题4观点论证型 此类作文往往要求考生根据题目给出论点，按照提纲的结构要求对其下论证，然后表明自己的立场和看法。通过摆事实、讲道理的方式剖析事物，论述事理，发表意见，确立或否认某一主张。如：1999年1月六级真题。5应用文 应用文中的信函，也是六级作文设计的试题之一。在这类题型中，考生会读到一个特定的场景，试题要求考生按照

3、这个场景给相关人士写一封短信，并在信中明确表达自己写信的原因、动机、目的和愿望等。文章所设及的内容多种多样，但大部分都与日常生活比较贴近。书信的类型可能变化万千，如邀请信、申请信、感谢信、道歉信等，但是万变不离其宗，只要掌握了英语书信的格式，并应用恰当的句式和语句，就一定能够写出好的文章来。二解决方案1建议考生分解作文观点，扩充内容。2建议考生在写作时只选择自己能够驾驭的句式和词语。3建议考生在文章中长短句搭配使用，用短句表达观点，长句推理分析。4建议考生选用作文模板，限定文章逻辑结构。5建议考生采用固定的句式，限定文章的字数。第二节 写作技巧及作文结构安排一写作技巧1根据文章大意判断作文题型

4、。2各种题型的写作方法。1）现象解释型：基本方法为：描述现象分析原因对现象做出预测或如何促进（限制）这种现象的进一步发展。2）问题解决型：基本方法为：提出问题分析问题解决问题。3）对比选择型：基本方法为：阐述一种观点或态度并表明这种观点或态度正确的理由；阐述第二种（相对或相反的）观点或态度并说明这种观点或态度正确的理由；表明个人支持或反对以上观点或态度，并说明原因4）观点论证型：基本方法为：分析主题得出结论举例论证得出结论（证明观点的正确性）。5）应用文基本方法为：分析所给情景选择写作方法。二三段式作文的结构安排题型第一段第二段第三段现象解释型描述现象说明现象产生的原因表明个人态度或阐述个人做

5、法问题解决型提出问题分析问题，给出解决方案表明个人态度或阐述个人做法对比选择型表明一方或双方的观点及理由表明另一方的观点及理由，指出双方观点不足之处及理由表明个人态度或阐述个人做法观点论证型提出论点例证论点得出结论或表明个人看法或做法应用文描述事实阐述原因表明观点或提出建议第三节 十二句作文法写作模板一现象解释型写作模板（说明文）1模板一1.has become a common part of peoples life.2.Andhas always aroused the greatest concern.3.what impresses us most is .4.The reasons

6、are varied.1空格内用概括性的词语填出最近出现的总体现象。2.空格内填题目要去讨论的具体现象3.现象的具体表现4.过渡句，填现象或现象带来的后果，为下文分析产生的原因做铺垫。5. Among the various reasons,plays an important role.6.That is to say,7.What is more,8.For example,5原因之一。6.具体说明原因一。7原因二。8 举例说明原因二9When talking about，10On the one hand11On the other hand,12In brief,9.空格一填作者要讨论

7、的现象，空格二填作者的看法。10.支持看法的理由一或说明看法的第一个方面。11.理由二或第二个方面。12.总结。2模板二1. has been brought into focus.2.Nowadays,.3.In addition, .4.Many reasons contribute to1空格内填最近出现的总体现象。2.空格内填现象的具体表现一。3.现象的具体表现二4.过渡句到分析原因。5. Generally speaking ,.6.First of all,7.Moreover,8.Therefore ,5承上启下开始列举原因6. 原因之一。7 原因二。8 对原因一二进行总结。9.

8、As far as I am concerned,，10.As we known ,11.Furthermore,12.In a word,9.空格内填作者对现象的看法。10.支持看法的理由一。11.理由二。12.总结。3模板三（图表说明文）1.We have witnessed 2.According to ，3.And 4.Many reasons contribute to1空格内填最近出现的总体现象。2.空格一根据题目填the chart, the report等，空格二内填现象的具体表现一。3.现象的具体表现二4.过渡句，填现象或现象带来的后果，为下文分析产生的原因做铺垫。5. To

9、 begin with ,.6.More over,7.In addition ,8.As a result ,5原因之一。6. 原因二。7原因三。8 原因导致的结果。9.As to me,，10.First of all,11.Besides,12.To conclude,9.空格内填作者对现象的看法。10.支持看法的理由一。11.理由二。12.总结。Sample writing: 2003年9月真题We have witnessed that college students vary in reading preference. According to the table of the

10、 percentage of book circulation in an American university library, the circulation of popular fictions and general nonfictions accounts for 65.9% and 18.2% respectively. And the table shows that the circulation of science/technology/education books and art/ literature/poetry books is 10.8%and 5.1% r

11、espectively. Many reasons contribute to this phenomenon.To begin with, popular fictions usually possess more appealing plot than the types of books do, so many readers are attracted by popular fictions. Moreover, popular fictions and general nonfictions are easier to be understood. In addition, scie

12、nce and art books demand certain knowledge in special field of study. As a result, more students tend to choose popular fictions and general nonfictions.As to me, Im in favor of books of science and technology. First of all, in order to deepen what Im learning, I need read more books relevant to my

13、major and observe the new development in science and technology circles. Besides, there books can also broaden my vision. To conclude, college students should choose books according to their interests and needs.二问题解决型作文模板（说明文）1模板一1. With the development/improvement of ,.2. It is necessary that.3. On

14、 the one hand, .4. On the other hand, 5. Therefore, how to is worth paying attention.6.Firstly7.Secondly8.For example,9. Thirdly, .10.In other words,11.In fact, ways to are countless.12.Its time that 1空格一处铺垫，空格二处填写某一问题。2关注解决现象引出的问题很必要。3解决问题很必要的理由一。4解决问题很必要的理由二。5承上启下，填要解决的问题。6. 解决办法一。7 解决办法二。8. 举例解释解

15、决办法二。9. 解决办法三。10. 阐明解决办法三。11. 指出解决问题的办法多种多样。12. 强调解决问题时不可待。Sample writing: Reduce Waste on CampusWith the improvement of living standard, waste on campus is increasingly serious. It is necessary that something should be done to reduce waste on campus. On the one hand, our waste has already caused a

16、great loss of precious resources, such as water and electricity. On the other hand, our waste adds our parents as well as our society a burden.Therefore, how to eliminate waste on campus is worth paying attention. Firstly, we should turn off the light when we leave our dorms or classrooms so as to s

17、ave electricity as much as possible. Secondly, we should stop wasting water when we bath, or wash clothes and dishes. For example, we should use a basin when we clean faces. Thirdly, we should be economical. In other words, when go shopping, we should buy only what we really need.In fact, the ways t

18、o reduce waste on campus are countless. Its time that we cultivate the habit of thrift in every possible way.2模板二1. There has been a discussion recently about.2. It is obvious that.3. Additionally, .4. So it is high time, 5. First of all, 6.The reason is7.Secondly8.That is to say,9. Thirdly, .10.In

19、fact, more than three ways can be adopted,11.As for me, 12.All in all, 1提出现存的问题。2解决问题很必要的理由一3解决问题很必要的理由二。4承上启下，说明解决问题的必要性。5解决办法一6解决办法一的理由.。7解决办法二。8. 阐明解决办法二。9. 解决办法三。10. 指出解决问题的办法多种多样。11. 小结解决问题的根本途径。12. 总结全文。Sample writing: Reduce Waste on CampusThere has been a discussion recently about waste on c

20、ampus. It is obvious that a great loss of precious resources, such as water and electricity have been caused by waste. Additionally, our waste adds our parents and society a burden. So it is high time that we took actions to reduce the waste on campus.First of all, we should stop wasting water when

21、we bath, or clean faces, or wash clothes and dishes. The reason is that there is a great shortage of water in the word. Secondly, we should be economical. That is to say, when go shopping, we should buy only what we really need. Thirdly, we should turn off the light when we leave dorms or classrooms

22、 so as to save electricity as much as possible.In fact, more than three ways can be adopted. As for me, the cultivation of good habit of thrift is most important for all of us. All in all, every college student should join in the efforts to combat the waste on campus.3模板三1. I t is certain that.2. Fo

23、r one reason,.3. For another, .4. However, some still puzzle on how to .5. Here come some suggestions. 6.To begin with,7.Secondly8.For instance,9. Thirdly, .10.That is because11.The solution vary according to different situations. 12.Therefore, 1提出问题及解决的必要性。2解决问题很必要的理由一3解决问题很必要的理由二。4转折到如何解决问题。5承上指出解

24、决问题的方法很多。6解决办法一.。7解决办法二。8. 阐明解决办法二。9. 解决办法三。10. 其理由。11.解决问题的办法随具体情况不同而变化根本途径。12. 总结全文，要灵活地依据具体情况处理问题。三对比选择型作文模板（议论文）1模板一1.Different people have different views on2. Some people prefer,.3. Others tend to, .4.As to me, I agree with /to 1开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法。2表明一部分人的看法。3另一部分人的看法。4作者的看法。5. Of course,.6

25、.For example,7.But,8.The following reasons can account for my preference5承认自己不赞同的看法有一定的合理性。6. 举例说明支持第五句。7 转折指出这种观点的不足。8 启下句过渡到下段具体阐述自己所支持的观点的理由。9.The main reason is .10.A good example to illustrate is 11.Fur another,12.From the foregoing,9.支持观点的理由一。10.举例说明理由一。11.理由二。12.总结全文，从长远看来。Sample writing: Is

26、a test of spoken necessary?A test of spoken English will be included as an optional component of the College English Test (CET). Different people have different views on it. Some prefer to have such a test. Others tend to decline any kind of test of spoken English. As to me, I agree with the first s

27、tatement.Of course, a test of spoken English is very difficult to handle and the test time is not long enough to fully display participants ability to speak in English. For example, if a candidate draws a topic which he or she is not familiar with, its hard to show his or her command of spoken Engli

28、sh. But without such a test, some people may not have motivation to practice spoken English. The following reasons can account for my preference.The main reason is that such a test enhances college students awareness of the importance of spoken English. A good example to illustrate is that several y

29、ears ago, college students only stressed reading and writing skills, ignoring to building up listening and speaking ability. For another, a certificate of such a test will make job-hunting easier. From the foregoing, I think a test of spoken English is of necessity. 2.模板二1.There is no complete agree

30、ment among people as to 2. Some people consider,.3. However, others think, .4.Some people may say 5. They hold this opinion because.6. However, others believe,7.They argue that,8.Personally,I am in favor of the9. Firstly, . 10.Secondly,11.Most important of all 12.Taking above-mentioned factors into consideration, we/I may reasonably conclude that 1开门见山直入主体，表明对某事人们的不同看法。2表明一部分人的看法。3另一部分人的看法。4观点一的理由。5深入阐述观点一的理由。6. 观点二的理由。7 深入阐述观点二的理由。8 我的看法。9.个人看法依据一。10. 个人看法依据二。11