语法题总结.docx

1、语法题总结高中英语语法汇总一、表语从句1 定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。2 构成：关联词+简单句3 引导表语从句的关联词的种类：(1) 从属连词that。如：The trouble is that I have lost his address. (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如：He looked just as he had looked ten years before. The question is whether they will be able to help us. 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如：All

2、this was over twenty years ago, but its as if it was only yesterday. 能跟表语从句的谓语动词 一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如：It looked as if it was going to rain. (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. The question is

3、 how he did it. That was what she did this morning. 解释：1 连词because可引导表语从句。如：I think it is because you are doing too much. 2在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如：My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 高中英语语法汇总二、主语从句1 定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。2 构成：关联词+简单句3 引导主语从句的关联词有

4、三类：(1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them。 （resemblancerizemblns 相像,相似）(2) 从属连词whether。如：Whether hell come here isnt clear. (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如：What she did is not

5、yet known. How this happened is not clear to anyone. Whoever comes is welcome. Wherever you are is my home -my only home. 解释：1 主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如：It is certain that

6、 she will do well in her exam. It is probable that he told her everything. B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise)+that从句。如：Its a pity that we cant go. Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, ann

7、ounced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。如：It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. D. It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句。如：It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice It happened that I was out that day. E.

8、 It+doesnt matter (makes no difference)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。如：It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. F. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置。如：Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week? Does it matter much that they

9、will not come tomorrow? G. 当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。如：How strange it is that the children are so quiet! 2注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=the person who) Whatever he did was right. (whatever=the thing that) Whichever of you comes in will rec

10、eive a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 高中英语语法汇总三、宾语从句1 定义：用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。2 构成：关联词+简单句3 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：(1) 从属连词that。如：He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。以下情况that不能省略：1 Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened

11、.(and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面时，that不能省略。)大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。2I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。)对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。3That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe. (that从句位于句首时，that不可省略。)我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。4 We decided, in view of his special

12、circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。)鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。(2)从属连词if/whether。如：I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。I dont know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词 wher

13、e, when, how, why。如：Who or what he was, Martin never learned.他是什么人？他是干什么的？马丁根本不知道。I wonder what hes writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。Ill tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。注：介词宾语从句。宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如：He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that

14、day.他对那天发生的事感到很不快。I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。有时介词可以省略。如：I dont care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。解释

15、：1如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。如：We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已表明他不会屈服。2作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in后,其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如：He is a good student except that he is

16、careless.他是一个好学生，只是有点粗心。You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如：Are you sorry for what youve done?你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗？3某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that可省略。如：I am not sure what I ought to do.我不

17、能确定我该做什么。Im afraid you dont understand what I said.恐怕你没领会我说的意思。Im surprised that I didnt see all that before.我好奇怪，我以前没看到过。Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。4连词whether (or not)或if引导的宾语从句if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用。如：I wonder whet

18、her it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用wheter。试比较：Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。5宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句，有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：I

19、 dont think you are right. 我认为你错了。I dont believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。I dont suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意，是吗？6 宾语从句的时态变化规律：(1) 当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。(2) 当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳运行。高中英语语法汇总

20、四、同位语从句1 定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。2 用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，关联词多用从属连词that。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？Early in the day came the news that Germ

21、any had declared war on Russia.德国已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导。如：I have no idea whether hell come or not. 我不知道他是否来。连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句。The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。We havent yet settled the question where w

22、e are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。解释：1that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别句法功能上：that引导的同位语从句，that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。that引导的定语从句，that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。 意义上：that引导的同位语从句，从句是被修饰名词的内容。that引导的定语从句，从句起限定作用，是定语如：Th

23、e news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省。) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作told的宾语，可省。) 他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。2一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：This is our only request that this (should) be settl

24、ed as soon as possible.这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。测试：A. 用适当的连接词填空：1 It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray.2. I have no idea we can do with these waste materials.3. the doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4. It is hoped nature will never be destroyed.5. do y

25、ou guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?6. - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.- Is that you had a few days off?7. Word came I was wanted at the office.8. Do you know of them will be our new headmaster?9. The teacher didnt tell me we were wrong.10. Its generally considered unwise to

26、 give a child he or she wants.B. 单项选择：1 It was true Alice did surprised her mother.A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that2. Does matter much he cant come to the meeting.A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether3. -What are you anxious about? - .A. How can we succeed B. Whether we ca

27、n succeedC. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed4. The reason the little actress has been such a success is she is both clever and hard-working. A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because5. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The pers

28、on6. I really dont know _ I had this photo taken.A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why7. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember .A. where B. there C. which D. that8. -What do you think of China? - different life is today from it used to be.A. How

29、, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that9. Give this to you think can do the work well.A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever10. troubles me is I cant learn all these English idioms by heart.A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that答案: A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that5

30、. who 6. why 7. that 8. which9. where 10. whateverB. 1-5 CABBB 6-10 ACACD高中英语语法汇总五、不定式的构成1. 不定式的构成:不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。不定式一般有时式和语态的变化，通常有下表中的几种形式（以do为例）：主动式：to do被动式：to be done一般式完成式：to have doneto have been done进行式:to be doing完成进行式:to have been doing1) 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或

31、几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。如：They invited us to go there this summer. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。2) 不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之后发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。如：She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已听说过这件事。I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。I meant to have told you about it, but I happened t