高考英语二轮复习知识点形容词和副词.docx

1、高考英语二轮复习知识点形容词和副词高考英语二轮复习知识点：形容词和副词形容词、副词是每年高考必考点之一，近几年语境综合化程度越来越高，难度加大。高考热点有：形容词、副词词义辨析;原级、比较级、最高级的使用;倍数的表达方法;比较等级的修饰语;多个形容词的排列顺序;常见形容词、副词的惯用法等。关于形容词与副词这一考点，主要考查以下几个方面：1.考查形容词和副词的基本用法形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语，而副词在句中主要作状语。2.考查形容词作定语的后置规律形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容词要后置：形容词短语作定语时;表语形容词作定语时;修饰复合不定代词时。3.考查多个形容词

2、作定语的排序多个形容词修饰名词时，其排序规律是：(限定词+程度副词+) 描绘+大小(长短、高低)+形状+年龄(新旧)+颜色+国籍或产地+物质材料+类别或用途+名词。4.考查副词在句中的位置规律副词修饰形容词或其它副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough却要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。5.考查ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到”;-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。6.考查两种不同形式的副词的用法差异即考查与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别。7.考查形容词和副词的比较等级。8.考查比较等级的修

3、饰语。考点1： 在具体的语境中辨析形容词与副词的语义从复现的频率来看，此点是高考对形容词、副词考查的第一大热点。解答此类题关键是要分析具体的语境，结合基本词义、搭配等来选择正确的答案。经过统计，常见常考的形容词和副词有(按频度排列)：even; interested; interesting; yet; hardly; just; therefore; though; too; very; common; effective; either; ever; fair; however; less; more; nearly; only; purposefully; rather; still;

4、such; surprised; surprising还有以下形容词和副词应当熟悉和掌握： a good many; a number of; acceptable; accidentally; actively; adequately; already; another; anxious; anyway; ashamed; attentively; bad; badly; besides; better; but; careful; changeable; cheap; comfortable; convenient; eagerly; easy; encouraging; enha-nci

5、ng; equal; even though; eventually; fairly; far; fewer; following; formally; friendly; gen-erously; gradually; heavily; historic; hopefully; immediately; inaccessible; individual; inevit-able; initial; instead; invisible; largely; never; next; no; normal; nowadays; obviously; ordin-ary; other; other

6、wise; patient; plenty of; prac-tical; promoting; proper; quickly; readily; reasonable; remote; seldom; seriously; short; so; stimulating; traditional; unavailable; unav-oidable; unfavorable; unfortunately; usual; va-rious; weak; well考点2：考查形容词、副词的比较级、最高级及前面的修饰语【备考清单】1) 比较级、最高级的选用及应用范围比较级、最高级常用于表示两者或多

7、者间的比较。复习中须注意如下句型的用法： as + 原级adj. / adv. + as表示“和一样”及not as / so + 原级adj. / adv. + as表示“不如”。例如：(94全国) John plays football as well as, if not better than, David.The piano in the other shop will be cheaper, but not as good. as + 原级adj. + a(n) + n. + as表示“跟一样”。例如：(2001全国) Its generally believed that tea

8、ching is as much an art as it is a science.(2003北京) Our neighbour has as big a house as ours. 比较级 + than表“比更”及less . than表示“不如”。例如：This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.This road is wider than that one. the + 比较级， the + 比较级表示“越，就越”。例如：(93上海) Its believed that the harder you

9、 work, the better result youll get. the +比较级+ of the + 名词 / 代词表示两者中“较的”。例如：Who is the younger of the two boys?比较级 + 比较级(越来越)。_ 例如：Our country is getting stronger and stronger.Things became worse and worse from then on.用the last表示“最不可能的”、“最不适合的”、“最不希望的”等。例如:The last thing I want to do is to offend yo

10、u.我最不愿意做的就是惹你生气。He is the last man I want to see.他是我最不希望见的人。2) 形容词、副词原级、比较级、最高级前的程度状语 注意一些形容词或副词前的特定修饰语。例如：(2004广东) Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasnt always that much to do. (那样多)I quite like it. They are quite different / wrong.quite possible / impossibleMy hometown is

11、 much changed.much to my surprise(很让我吃惊)be well worth doing (很值得做) 比较级前常可用still, even, much, far, a lot / little / few / bit, rather, any, a great deal, so far, by far, no等词修饰。(注意more不用于修饰比较级)。例如：(94全国) If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time.(2000上海) Youre standing too nea

12、r the cinema. Can you move a bit farther?This is by far the better. 最高级可用序数词、much、 by far、 nearly、 almost等词修饰。例如：Africa is the second largest continent.The Pacific is by far the largest ocean.I like this film the very best / much the best.考点3：形容词作表语，形容词、副词作后置定语【备考清单】1) 形容词用于系动词后作表语在最近几年高考试题中系动词加形容词作

13、表语的情况出现过很多次。高考对此点的考查集中于区别到底是系动词还是一般动词并选择合适的形容词，而不是副词作表语。常见的联系动词有如下三类：表示感觉的系动词：sound, look, taste, appear, smell, feel, seem等表示变化的系动词：become, fall, get, turn, grow, make, come, go等表示状态存在的系动词：remain, keep, stay, continue, prove, lie, stand等。例如：2) 形容词、副词作后置定语【备考清单】常见的几种修饰语后置的情况有： 形容词修饰something, nothin

14、g, anything, everything等不定代词时要后置。present作“出席的”时只作后置定语。表语形容词如alive, asleep, awake, alone等只能作后置定语。副词修饰动词时, 放在动词之后。修饰形容词或副词时, 放在被修饰词之前。enough修饰形容词、副词时要后置，修饰名词时可放在名词的前后。形容词短语修饰名词作主语时要后置。用and或or连接的形容词作定语时要后置, 起强调作用。表数量的词作定语时要后置。副词修饰形容词的特殊词序, “so, as, how, too + 形容词 + 单数可数名词”。考点4：倍数表达法【备考清单】三种常见倍数表达法：1) 倍

15、数 + as + 原级形容词 + as .。例如：This road is three times as long as that one.2) 倍数 + the size / length / width / depth / height of .。例如：The river is five times the width of that one.3) 倍数 + 比较级 + than + 被比较对象。例如：The sun is a million times larger than the earth.考点5： 多个形容词作定语时的排序问题及语序不同意义不同的词组【备考清单】1) 多个形容词作

16、定语时的排序问题多个形容词作定语时的排序一般遵从如下规律：如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。例如：a small wonderful gift常用的顺序为：限定词+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形容性形容词+(large, long, high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+产地(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰名词(desk)记住以上规则是必要的，但还应多阅读、多体会，增强语感是关键。例如：all these last

17、few days 最近的这些日子some beautiful little red flowers 一些美丽的小红花a high red brick wall 一堵高高的红砖墙a beautiful white Japanese military jeep 一辆漂亮的白色日本军用吉普车其中限定词的排列顺序为：all / both / half / double / 倍数词 / 分数词 + 冠词 / 指示代词 / 物主代词 / 名词所有格 / some / any / no / every / each +基数词 / 序数词 / little / few / last / next / othe

18、r / another / more，形容词的排列顺序为：大小、长短、高低、新旧、颜色、产地、材料、用途、类别等。尽管以上给出了排序的基本规律，但由于所涉及的词太多，想要记清楚确实有难度。下面给出四句口诀辅助记忆：所有这些词， 顺序往后数;美小圆旧黄，法国木书房。上面口诀中前两句主要用于解决排在最前边的多个限定词之间的顺序。它可以应用于all (所有) these (这些) last (顺序) few (数量) days短语中。这个短语基本上可以体现多个限定词之间的先后顺序。口诀后两句可对应一句话“This is a charming small round old yellow French

19、 wood reading room.”其中多个形容词之间的先后顺序基本上可以在这一句中得以体现，而且汉语歌诀的形式将使记忆更形象、更深刻。利用以上歌诀时最好是“抓两头”，即牢记排在最前边的限定词及排在最后边的形容词，如产地、材料、用途等，则能轻松突破此难点。考点6： 考查形容词与副词区别, 易混词带有-ly的形容词、副词及复合形容词【备考清单】1) 注意如下有无-ly的形容词和副词的意义区别：wide / high / deep(具体的意义)宽 / 高 / 深 widely / highly / deeply(抽象意义)广泛地 / 高度地 / 深深地most十分、非常 / 最多(大)的mos

20、tly主要地、绝大多数地、多半close靠近地closely密切地、仔细地late迟的，迟到的lately最近、近来direct直接(主要用于谈论路程和时间,和straight意思相同) directly直率地、立即2) 注意合成形容词本质上是一个形容词，其合成部份中的名词不能变为复数形式。例如：He wrote a two-thousand-word report.His uncle is 6 feet tall. He is a forty-year old man.3) “名词+ ly”构成的是形容词，而不是副词。这类形容词有friendly, lovely, weekly, month

21、ly, daily等4) 有些词既可以作形容词也可以作副词。例如:He got up late, so he was late for school again.Can you see that straight road? Go straight along this road, youll find the supermarket at the end.This maths problem was hard. I thought hard and got the answer at last.【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案1. How beautifully she sings! I h

22、ave never heard _ voice.A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best2. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _ known for his plays.A. the best B. more C. better D. the most3. The plane flew smoothly _ in the sky and people spoke _ of the experienced pilot.A. high;high B. highl

23、y;highly C. high;highly D. highly;high4. What do you think of the concert? Oh, it was_success.A. a very B. quite a C .so D. really5. I havent seen_ this since I collected stamps.A. as old a stamp as B. so an old stamp asC. stamp as old as D. as an old stamp a6.The task is too much for me, so I cant

24、carry on _any longer. I must get some help.A. singly B.simply C.alone D.lonely7. Have your working conditions improved?-No, _than before, Im afraid.A. no better B.a little batter C.not worse D.no worse8. To their great relief, the missing child returned home, _, after an absence of two weeks.A.felt

25、tired and sound B.tiring and soundlyC.feeling tired but soundly D.tired but sound9. We must keep our room clean, for dirt and disease go_, you know.A.hand in hand B.step by step C.from time ti time D.one zfter another10. How are you getting on with your classates?_. Ive got to know them all.A. Far b

26、etter B.Much pleased C.Very comfortable D.Very good11. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you dont speak the language.A.extremely B.naturally C.basically D.especially12. It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science.A.an art much as B.much an art as C.as an art much

27、as D.as much an art as13. It is re ported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe.A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much14. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _car.A. large German white B. large white GermanC. white large German D. German large white

28、15. This _girl is Lindas cousin.A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little prettyC. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish16. Mr. Smith owns _collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large17.Did you enjoy yourself at the party?Yes. Ive nev

29、er been to _one before.A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting18.Are you going to have a holiday this year?Id love to. I cant wait to leave this place _.A. off B. out C. behind D. over19. There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldnt

30、 get _A. between B. through C. across D. beyond20. I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have _heard of her.A. even B. ever C. just D. never21. (2008年天津市十二区县重点学校高三毕业班联考(一)，英语，33)You dont go to that supermarket quite often, do you? No, I only go there _ because its too far away from my house.A. eventually B. constantly C. occasionally D. frequently22. (2008年天津市十二区县重点学校高三毕业班联考(二)，英语，3)My daughter cares more for