考研英语完形填空真题解析.docx

1、考研英语完形填空真题解析之马矢奏春创作时间：二O二一年七月二十九日2005年考研英语完形填空真题解析The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1this is largely because,2animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the ai

2、r, 4 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 5 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 6 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flo

3、wer but not another, 9 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain. However, it has been found that even peopl

4、e insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptors if necessary. This may 16 explain why we are

5、not usually sensitive to our own smells-we simply do not need to be. We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house, but we 18 new smells when we visit someone elses. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke, which might indicat

6、e the danger of fire.1. A althoughB asC butD while2. A aboveB unlikeC excludingD besides3. A limitedB committedC dedicatedD confined4. A catchingB ignoringC missingD tracking5. A anywayB thoughC insteadD therefore6. A even ifB if onlyC only ifD as if7. A distinguishingB discoveringC determiningD det

7、ecting8. A dilutedB dissolvedC dispersedD diffused9. A whenB sinceC forD whereas10. A unusualB particularC uniqueD typical11. A signsB stimuliC messagesD impulses12. A at firstB at allC at largeD at times13. A subjectedB leftC drawnD exposed14. A ineffectiveB incompetentC inefficientD insufficient15

8、. A introduceB summonC triggerD create16. A stillB alsoC otherwiseD nevertheless17. A sureB stickC awareD tired18. A tolerateB repelC neglectD notice19. A availableB reliableC identifiableD suitable20. A similar toB such asC along withD aside from文章布景文章的主题是人的鼻子,作者谈论的中央议题是我们经常低估了鼻子的成效.作者经由进程介绍人们对鼻子感知

9、成效的误解和鼻子事实上具有的成效,比较了人们对气味的敏理性,以及大脑对鼻子感知的调节传染感动.文章机关文章第一段提出论点The human nose is an underrated tool(人的鼻子是一种被低估的器械).第二段和第三段辨别对人们认为人类的嗅觉不敏锐的原因进行辩驳,并作出解释.答案详解1.【解析】C 逻辑衔接题.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,this is largely because,animals, we stand upright. 人们经常认为,与动

10、物比拟,人类的嗅觉不敷敏锐,而这在很大程度上是因为人类竖立行走,这一点与动物.although 暗示让步;as暗示时间或者原因; but暗示转折关系; while 暗示时间或者比较.四个选项中,but是暗示转折的并列连词,but后面的内容是语句重心肠点.While也可以暗示比较、转折,但作为从属连词也有让步含义.从本题前后的语义关系来看,后半句语义应该是重心肠点.是以,精确答案为C.2.【解析】B 语义衔接题.this is largely because,animals, we stand upright. 而这在很大程度上是因为人类竖立行走,这一点与动物 人类竖立行走,而动物却不合.是以,

11、精确答案为B.3.【解析】A 语义衔接/ 词汇辨析题.This means that our noses areto perceiving those smells which float through the air. 这意味着我们的鼻子闻到沉没在空气中的气味.选项A. be limited to 被限制在;B. be committed to 被交给,答应承担义务;C. be dedicated to 奉献,献给;D. be confined to 限制在,局限于.按照句意可以清除B、C项.be confined to有把局限/限制于的含义,但是它一般用于具体范围的局限、限制,与句子的语

12、境不符.是以,精确答案为A.4.【解析】C 语义衔接题.本标题选择介词或者现在分词,将前面的句子和后面的名词衔接到一路,表现慎密的逻辑关系.句子阐述到This means that our noses are limited to perceiving those smells which float through the air,the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. 这意味着我们的鼻子只能闻到沉没在空气中的气味,大多半在地表临近的气味.不难创造,人类闻到的气味有限,没有闻到的地表的气味很多.选项A. catching 抓住;B. i

13、gnoring 忽视;C. missing 错过;D. tracking 跟踪,追溯.前面说我们的鼻子只能闻到浮在空气中的气味,对于大部分勾留在概略的气味当然是闻不到.首先可以清除A、D项,ignore含有有意不的意思,显然不适合语境.故精确答案为C.5.【解析】B 逻辑衔接题.In fact,we are extremely sensitive to smells, we do not generally realize it. 因为本句中的in fact提示了转折关系,是以要选择转折的逻辑关系词.选项A. anyway 无论若何(暗示让步);B. though 当然(暗示让步或转折);C.

14、 instead 相反;D. therefore 是以(暗示成果).四个选项中,只有though能与in fact连用暗示转折(不过,事实上).是以,精确答案为B.6.【解析】A 逻辑衔接题.In fact, though, we are extremely sensitive to smells,we do not generally realize it. 事实上,我们对气味极其迟钝,我们一般没有意识到. 选项A. even if 即使(表让步);B. if only 但愿(后常接虚拟语气,暗示愿望);C. only if 假如(用于表达前提关系,only表强调);D. as if 似乎(

15、用于表达比较关系).四个选项中只有A项 even if 用于表达让步关系即使.是以,精确答案为A.7.【解析】D 语义衔接/词汇辨析题.本标题选择动名词,在句子中充当谓语的动作内容.句子阐述到Our noses are capable ofhuman smells 我们的鼻子能够人的气味.选择谓语动词,主语和宾语供应信息决定答案.选项A. distinguishing 差别;B. discovering 创造;C. determining 决定;D. detecting创造,发觉,感知.我们的鼻子只能是感知(引申为闻到)人的气味.是以,精确答案为D.8.【解析】A 语义衔接/ 词汇辨析题.本标

16、题选择动词以前分词形式,构成 beto 的短语.Our noses are capable of detecting human smells even when these areto far below one part in one million. 我们的鼻子能够闻到人的气味,即使这些气味被到百万分之一. 选项A. diluted 稀释的(可以用在液体或气体的稀释);B. dissolved 消融(常日指固体消融为液体);C. dispersed 散开;D. diffused 分散,漫溢.气味应该是被稀释或冲淡到百万分之一.是以,精确答案为A.9.【解析】D 逻辑衔接题. Strang

17、ely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. 奇怪的是,有些人创造他们可以闻到一莳花喷鼻香,却闻不出另一种,有些人却对两莳花喷鼻香都很迟钝. 显然构成一种比较关系,只有whereas能用于引导暗示转折关系的并列句.是以,精确答案为D.10.【解析】B 词汇辨析题.本标题选择形容词,修饰后面的名词.句子阐述到This may be because some people do not h

18、ave the genes necessary to generatesmell receptors in the nose. 这意味着有些人的鼻子里缺少某种基因,这种基因是激发人鼻子里的气味感知器所必须的.选项A. unusual 不平凡的;B. particular 特此外,特定的;C. unique 环球无双的;D. typical 范例的.这种气味感知器具有感知气味这种特定的成效.是以,精确答案为B.11.【解析】C 语义衔接题.本标题选择名词.句子阐述到These receptors are the cells which sense smells and sendto the br

19、ain. 这些感知器是一种细胞.这种细胞能够感知气味,并且向大脑传递选项A. signs 标识表记标帜;B. stimuli刺激;C. messages 信息,旗子灯号;D. impulses 冲动,推动.身体的各个器官向大脑传递的是旗子灯号.是以,精确答案为C.(弥补：人体的每个器官临近都密布着神经末梢.在感应传染到外界刺激时,神经末梢主要起来处理外界刺激转换成大脑能够识此外旗子灯号,并将这些旗子灯号迅速传递给大脑.)12.【解析】A 语义衔接题.However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smel

20、lcan suddenly become sensitive to it 然而,对某种特定气味不迟钝的人也能溘然变得迟钝起来.在本句中,供选的状语修饰全体句子.选项A. at first 起先;B. at all 底子;C. at large 周全地,具体地,无拘无束地; D. at times 有时.因为谓语部分的频度状语溘然表现了时间的交替关系,句子应该表达起先不迟钝.是以,精确答案为A.13.【解析】D 语义衔接题.even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it

21、 whento it often enough. 然而,起先对某种特定气味不迟钝的人也会溘然变得迟钝起来,当他们经常在这种气味中时.选项A. be subjected to 遭受,屈服于;B. be left to 被留给;C. be drawn to 被拖到;D. be exposed to 流露在(经常接触).语境表达的是人处于某种气味所笼盖的情形中.是以,精确答案为D.14.【解析】C 语义衔接/词汇辨析题.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds itto keep all smell

22、 receptors working all the time 认为鼻子不迟钝的解释标明：大脑创造让所有的气味感知器一贯处于义务状态是的. 选项A. ineffective 无效的,不起传染感动的;B. incompetent 不克不及胜任的;C. inefficient 效率低的;D. insufficient 缺少的,不敷的.按照语境,首先可以清除B、D项.ineffective 和 inefficient一个强调效果,一个强调效率.大脑创造让所有的气味感知器一贯处于义务状态会斗气味感知器的效率降低.是以,精确答案为C.15.【解析】D 语义衔接题.The explanation for

23、insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it inefficient to keep all smell receptors working all the time but cannew receptors if necessary. 认为鼻子不迟钝的解释标明：大脑创造让所有的气味感知器一贯处于义务状态是效率低的.但是,需要时又可以新的气味感知器. 选项A. introduce 介绍,引进;B. summon 呼唤,号召;C. trigger 扣动扳机,剑拔弩张;D. create 创造,产生(从无到有).trigger the

24、 receptors激活受体是罕有的搭配,但激活应该是对现已消掉的食物而言.从空格后面的new来判断,只有create才适合逻辑.是以,精确答案为D.16.【解析】B 逻辑衔接题.This mayexplain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells-we simply do not need to be . 这可以解释为什么我们常日对本身的气味不迟钝-我们底子不需要(对本身的气味迟钝).选项A. still 仍然;B. also 也;C. otherwise 不然;D. nevertheless 然而,当然如斯.this这个词就标

25、清晰清晰明了逻辑关系应该是并列,翻译成也,暗示和前面的句子是相同或者临近的含义.是以,精确答案为B.17.【解析】C 语义衔接题.本标题选择 be notof 的机关,在句子中充当位于动词.句子阐述到We are notof the usual smell of our own house 一般我们没有我们本身房间里的气味. 此句的意思是：我们意识不到本身家里的气味,但当我们去访问他人时就会留心到新的气味.是以,选aware of. sure of 确信,sick of 爱好,tired of 爱好都不合句意.18.【解析】D 语义衔接题.We are not aware of the usu

26、al smell of our own house but wenew smells when we visit someone elses. 我们意识不到本身家里的气味.但是,在访问他人家时,我们新的气味.选项A. tolerate 忍受;B. repel 抵制;C. neglect 忽视;D. notice 留心到.句子中的 but供应了信息,前后两个句子含义相反.前面提到没有留心到本身房间的气味,后面就应该是闻到新的气味.是以,精确答案为D.19.【解析】A 语义衔接题.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptorsfor unfamili

27、ar and emergency signals 大脑会斗气味感知器随时吸收不熟悉的和紧急的旗子灯号.选项A. available 可达到的,可义务的;B. reliable 靠得住的;C. identifiable 可识此外;D. suitable 适合的. 大脑会斗气味感知器义务来处理随时吸收不熟悉和紧急旗子灯号,故选available,适合句子含义.20.【解析】B 语义衔接题.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signalsthe smell of

28、 smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire. 大脑会斗气味感知器用于随时吸收不熟悉的和紧急的旗子灯号,烟的气味,因为预示着着火的安全.选项A. similar to 相似于;B. such as 例如;C. along with 和一路;D. aside from 除之外.烟的气味正好被包含在前面相邻的不熟悉和紧急旗子灯号之中,应该选择暗示列举意义的短语.是以,精确答案为B.参考译文人的鼻子是一种被低估的器械.比拟动物而言,经常有人认为人的嗅觉不敷敏锐.但这主假如因为我们和动物不合,我们是竖立行走的. 这就意味着我们的鼻子局限于发觉那些浮在空

29、气中的气味,而对粘在物体概略的气味却漏掉落了.事实上,我们的嗅觉是极其敏锐的,即使我们常日上意识不到这点.我们的鼻子能够嗅出人类的气味,即使当气味被稀释到百万分之一.奇怪的是,有些人创造他们能闻到一莳花喷鼻香,却闻不到另一莳花喷鼻香,而另一些人却可以闻到这两种.这可能是因为有些人的鼻子中缺少某种产生特定嗅觉感应传染器所必须的基因.这些嗅觉感应传染器是一些可以感应到气味并将其信息送给大脑的细胞.然而我们却创造,即使刚开始对某种气味不迟钝的人,假如经常接触该气味,那么他也会溘然变得对这种气味迟钝了.看来,对嗅觉不敏锐的解释应该是：大脑创造让所有嗅觉感应传染器都始终义务的话效率太低,但是在需要时却能产生新的嗅觉感应传染器.这也许能解释我们为什么常日闻不到本身的气味-因为我们底子不需要闻到本身的气味.我们并没有留心本身家中常有的气味,而当我们到他人家中时却能留心到那里的新气味.大脑创造最好能让气味感应传染器对不熟悉或是紧急的旗子灯号保持迟钝,例如烟的气味,其暗示可能有掉火的安全.时间：二O二一年七月二十九日