经典英语名词性从句.docx

1、经典英语名词性从句 实用文档 在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此， 名词性从句 我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。 种类作用 常用关联词 例句 主语从句 在复合句中做主语，相当于名词，作形一般置谓语之前，也可用it 式主语，主语从句放主句之后, whetherthat, as if, if, as who, though, whose, which, how, when, why, where, what, whatever, whoever, wherever Whether he will come or n

2、ot doesnt matter much. Whoever comes here will be welcome. 表语从句 在复合句中做表语，相当于名词，位于系动词之后 It looks as if it is going to snow. 宾语从 句 在复合句中做宾语，相当于名词He asked me which team could win the game. 语同位从句 problem, (news, 放在名词之后advice, idea, suggestion, 表明其) thought, hope, fact等具体内容 how worried You have no idea w

3、e are. The fact that he lied again greatly surprised us. 主语从句(subject clauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。 That you dont li

4、ke him is none of my business.你不喜欢她不管我的事。 What he said is true. 他说的是真的。 Do you remember how he arrived almost at the end of the party? 你记得他几乎是在宴会快 结束时才到的吗？ This partys really where its at, man! 啊，这个晚会真棒！ Tell us how you fulfilled the heavy task ahead of schedule.告诉我们,你们是怎样提前完成这一 艰巨任务的。 实用文档 that the

5、 fighting on the border may develop into a full-blown We have reason to believe )我们有理由相信边境上的冲突可能发展成一场全面战争。war. (喻 他说他要来。He said that he would come. 足球比赛是否举行将视天.Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather 气而定。引导表语从句的词有从属连用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。表语从句 , who, what, which, whom, w

6、hose, whatever, whoeveras though(if)；关系代词词that、whether、等。, wherever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, wheneverwhomever, whichever引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或That可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。 可以省略。 困难是我们资金短缺。The trouble is that we are short of money. 这就是为什.That is why stone walls are used instead of fe

7、nces around New England fields 么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。我似乎怎么也想,.当时At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow 不出一个恰当的字眼来。宾语从句(object clauses)用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, wh

8、ich和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。 He said he wanted to go to town. 他说他想去城里。 I hope youll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起来。 Im so glad that you were able to come to this party.你能设法抽空出席这个交际会，我很高 兴。 I know nothing about it except what I have read in the papers.除了在报上读到的以外,我对这 件事一无所知。 Most of the Chinese people us

9、ually go to work on the bike except when it rains.除了雨天,大 实用文档 多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。 他问我，她来还是不来。 whether she was coming. He asked me 同位语从句 用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whe

10、ther外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。 It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康，这是事实。 I have no idea what you mean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。 He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去。 There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的。 一、考点聚焦 1、名词性从句中连接词的运用 名词性从句中的连接词有连

11、词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。 （1）that的用法。 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如： That they are good at English is known to us all. The problem is that we dont have enough money. She express

12、ed the hope that they would come to China one day. 宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如： He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and t

13、hat she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。 实用文档 (A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that .（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that （D）It seems/happen

14、s that。如： It happened that I went out last night. It is said that China will win in the World Cup. that和what的区别。 that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词即常说的先行词 + that。如： Its shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says. 同位语从句与定语从句中that的

15、区别。 同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如： They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句) Th

16、e hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句） （2）whether和if的用法。 whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如： It all depends on whether they will come back. 后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如： I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan. 主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如： Whether the mee

17、ting will be put off has not been decided yet. 实用文档 The question is whether they have so much money. whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如： We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not. whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如： The question of whether they are ma

18、le or female is not important. I have not decided whether to go or not. 间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如： Thank you, but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment. whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如： Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time. （3）疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别。

19、疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如： Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop. 疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如： Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished, Whatever you do, you must do it well. no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如： No matter what you do, you must do it w

20、ell. No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished. （4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。 when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如： 实用文档 They put forward the question where they could get the money. This is the place where the accident happened. 2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致 （1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保

21、持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如： Hello,I didnt know you were in London. How long have you been here? The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed. （2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如： When the meeting will begin has n

22、ot been decided yet. When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet. When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided. 3、名词性从句的词序 名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如： He asked me what was the matter with me. Weve heard the news that well move into the new house. Whatever you say will inter

23、est us all. 二、精典名题导解 选择填空 1. A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.(NMET 2001) A. how B. after C. what D. when 解析：答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分，故what最合适。 2. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. 实用文档 99) Is that _ you had a few days off ? (NMET . where D C. wh

24、at A. why B. when 下面“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意解析：答案为 why引导表语从句表示原因。一句接着问：“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗？”故用98) 3. I hate _ when peope talk with their mouths full.(NMET . them D C. these B. that A. it 该“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为解析：答案为A 。when空白处没有任何含义，而且已经用了连接该宾语从句，所以此处只填一个形式宾语itquite a number of ins

25、ects, birds, and animals are dying 4. We cannot figure out out. when D. C. why as A. that B. 为及物动词，故此句为宾语从句，从句意figure outC。本题考查宾语从句知识，解析：答案为why. 得知连词在从句中作原因状语，故选our astronauts desire to do is 6.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, walking in space. how D. B. what C. that A. where 。此题句子为

26、时间状语从句，全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的，并且主语从句中B解析：答案为what 缺少宾语，故选不定式动词do 1. _they have won the game made us excited. A./ B.That C.What D.Where 2. _I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business. A.If B.Whether C.Even if D.When 3. _he says in his report is a very interesting question. A.What all B.All what

27、 C.What D.What that 4. When they will start_not been decided. A.have B.is C.does D.has 5. _certain that his invention will lead to the development of production. 实用文档D.It has C.It is A.That is B.This is 6. _is unknown to us all. B.Where she put it A.Where did she put it .In which she put it D C.That

28、 where she put it 7. _nothing to do with us. B.What she did is A.What she did have D.What she has done has C.What did he do has 8. The trouble is_we are short of hands. .which D C.how A.what B.that 9. Energy is_makes things work. D.that B.everything C.something A.what 10. My hometown is not_it used

29、to_ten years ago. D.when, be C.what, be A.when, do B.what, do 11. The reason_I have to go is _my mother is ill in bed. .that, because DC.why, that A.why, why B.why, because 12. The thought_he might fail in the exam worried him. .so that D C.when A.which B.that 13. That is_ I lost my pen. D.what C.th

30、at B.where A.when 14. Have you any idea_? B.how quick light travels A.how fast does light travel D.how fast light travels C.how soon light travels 15.His suggestion_to see the art exhibition interested every one of us. D.we would go B.which we should go C.that we would go A.that we go 16.He was interested in_he had seen at the exhibition. D.all that C.all what B.that A.which 17.He often thinks of_he can do more for his country. D.which C.that B.how A.what 18.He made_quite clear that he wouldnt change his mind. .what D A.this B.that C.it 19.I dont know_. B.what the matter outside was