1、非谓语动词教案高考复习专题非谓语动词教案教学目标:复习非谓语动词根本知识,确保学生能够熟练使用非谓语动词,确保学生在选择题中不犯错。教学重点:非谓语动词的三种根本形式 动词不定式的根本用法 动名次的根本用法 动词过去分词的根本用法教学难点:非谓语动词三种形式用法区别 分词、不定式作定语、状语、补语的用法动名词作主语、宾语的用法 现在分词、过去分词、动名词及不定式的用法区别 动词不定式常见用法错误 动名词的常见用法错误 动词过去分词的常见用法错误教学过程:一、由简单的动词复习开场引入,提出非谓语动词的概念二、从学过的句型以及例题中进展提炼,引导学生归纳出非谓语动词的三种形式三、由浅入深,带着学生
2、学习动词不定式,动名词和动词过去分词。四、根据学生情况,对知识点做出分类:1、简要进展复习的根底知识局部2、需做题练习稳固的知识局部3、易错知识点五、根据分类和学生掌握情况,进展一定量的举例,翻译练习,帮助学生熟悉使用非谓语动词六、指导学生完成非谓语动词根底练习题,易错类型练习题,并评讲,确保学生掌握。非谓语动词知识点一、根底知识局部:非谓语动词一分词【根本概念】1.对英语动词的根本认识英语中动词的语法作用同汉语区别很大。动词除了在句子中充当谓语之外,还常以非谓语的形式充当其他的句子成分。按照动词是否充当谓语,我们可以把动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两类。每一类动词所包含的主要语法知识如下。时态
3、按高考要求共九个时态谓语动词语态主动语态和被动语态语气述语气和虚拟语气主谓一致动词动词不定式非谓语动词分词现在分词和过去分词动名词非谓语动词是指不充当谓语而做其他句子成分的动词,但凡用作非谓语的动词在形式上都要有所变化,以区别于谓语动词。分词的语法作用分词分现在分词和过去分词两类,具有形容词和副词的语法功能,在句子中可以充当表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。2.掌握主谓关系用现在分词,动宾关系用过去分词的根本原那么。分词做定语时,看分词同它所修饰的名词或代词的关系。分词所修饰的名词或代词同分为主谓关系时,用现在分词;分词所修饰的名词或代词同分词为动宾关系时,用过去分词。分词做宾语补足语时,看分词同
4、宾语补足语的关系。主谓关系用现在分词;动宾关系用过去分词。3.分词作表语时,区别现在分词和过去分词的两种方法。分词作表语时,现在分词表示主语的特征;过去分词表示主语所处的状态。The temperature is 15C. It is freezing outside. ( P.51, Senior Book2B)现在分词freezing作表语,表示主语天气的特征。surprise, excite, interest, frighten, worry, please, 等动词具有共同的特点,他们的意思都是使人怎么样。这类动词充当表语时区别现在分词或过去分词的方法比较简单:如果主语是表示人的词语
5、,表语用过去分词;主语是表示事或物的词语,表语用现在分词。非谓语动词二动名词【根本概念】1.现行高中教材中将动名词和现在分词统称为-ing形式。这样处理英语传统语法工程的初衷是简化语法术语、淡化语法概念,让学生更多地通过语感掌握其用法。然而,在教学实践中却遇到了另外一些不好解决的问题。其一,取消了现在分词的概念之后,增加了现在分词和过去分词的区别这一关键知识的教学难度:其二,混淆动名词和现在分词的概念使得属于动名词围的一些细节问题的教学不容易开展,如动名词做宾语的问题、分词和动名词的逻辑主语问题等。现在分词和动名词都可以做定语和表语,概念却有所不同。遇到这些问题完全可以采取淡化或者回避的方法,
6、就如同我们很少强调形容词做定语、表语同名词做定语、表语的区别一样。学生能够领悟其中的区别更好,不能理解也无关紧要。2.动名词在书写形式上同现在分词一样,但语法概念和语法功能各异。动名词具有名词的语法作用,在句子中主要充当主语和宾语。非谓语动词三不定式【根本概念】不定式是动词的非谓语形式之一,具有名词、形容词、副词的性质,在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。使用不定式时,大多数情况下要带有不定式的符号to,少数情况不用to。1.不定式做主语。不定式做主语时,通常使用形式主语。而将做主语的不定式放在句子的后面。不定式做宾语时也有使用形式宾语的问题,但必须同时具备两个条件:有宾
7、语补足语。宾语是动词不定式短语或宾语从句。2.不定式做表语It has been proved that the way to produce the most food is to let farmers grow crops either to feed their family or to sell.3.不定式做定语but it is thought that 500 million people in the world do not have enough to eat, which is about one in ten.不定式表示目的极为常见。有时为了强调目的,可以用in ord
8、er to或so as to ;有时将不定式短语置于句首也是表示目的常见用法。4.不定式做宾语补足语不定式做宾语补足语时有两种情况:绝大多数做宾语补足语的不定式用带to的动词不定式;动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe, have, make, let后做宾语补足语的不定式主动语态时必须用不带to的不定式;改为被动语态又必须用to 。二、需练习稳固的知识1.动名词的逻辑主语动名词的逻辑主语表示动名词所代表的动作是谁做的。动名词逻辑主语规的表达形式是:无生命的容用名词的一般形式。有生命的容如果是名词,用该名词的所有格;如果是代词,那么用形容词性物主代
9、词。He has always insisted on his being called Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner.译文:他总是坚持让别人称呼他特纳博士而不是特纳先生。his 是动名词being called的逻辑主语,但同call 构成被动关系。如果是主动关系应为call him Dr. Turner。2.动名词的完成式所有非谓语动词的完成式都表示非谓语动作先于谓语动作,动名词的完成式也不例外。3.动名词的被动式动名词的被动式同现在分词的被动式一样-being done。动名词被动式的使用主要看动名词和句子主语的逻辑关系:主谓关系用主动式,动宾关系用被
10、动式。4.动名词做介词宾语时应注意的问题动名词做介词的宾语一般情况同做动词的宾语没有区别。应注意的是,以下短语中的to不是动词不定式的符号,而是介词,因此如果需要使用动词的非谓语形式,必须使用动名词。三、易错知识点1动名词动名词一章的关键知识是动名词做宾语同不定式做宾语的区别。这种区别根据约定俗成的原那么成为语法规那么,因此没有过多的道理可讲。牢牢记住这些规那么,在语言实践中能够熟练地运用,便是最好的学习方法。1.以下动词只能用动名词做宾语,不能用不定式:suggest, finish, enjoy, practise, miss, avoid, require, delay, excuse,
11、 pardon, consider, deny, escape, cant help, risk 等。2.一些动词后用动名词做宾语和用不定式做宾语意思不同。remember, forget, regret后用动名词做宾语表示已经发生过了的动作;用不定式做宾语表示将要发生或尚未发生的动作。remember to do 表示记住要去做某事;remember doing表示记得曾经做过某事。regret doing表示懊悔做了某事;regret to say (tell)表示遗憾地说告诉。try to do 表示设法做抑制困难、障碍努力做;try doing表示试着做对结果没有把握,尝试去做,看看是
12、否可以。like (love) to do 表示具体的一次性动作;like (love) doing表示倾向性的动作。动词need的用法同动名词做宾语有密切的关系。a)当主语是表示人的词语时,need 的宾语用动词不定式的一般式,这时不定式同句子的主语也是主谓关系。b)当主语是表示事或物的词语时,主语同need往往为动宾关系。这时,用need to be done或need doing 均可,但要注意need doing 是用动名词的主动式表示被动的概念。stop to do 和stop doing 的语法构造不同,因此意思也就不同。stop doing中的doing 是动名词做宾语,表示st
13、op动作的对象,意思为停顿做某事。Stop to do 中的不定式to do 是目的状语,表示停顿正在做的事的目的是要做某事。mean doing 的意思是意谓着、就是。2动词不定式1.不定式的进展式当谓语所表示的动作或状态发生时,不定式所表示的动作正在进展,这时要用不定式的进展式。They are said to be building another bridge across the Changjiang River.He pretended to be doing his homework carefully when his mother came in.2.不定式的完成式同其他非谓
14、语形式一样,不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作先于谓语动作。Im sorry to have done that, I didnt mean to be so rude. (P.43, Senior Book3)3.不定式的被动式当不定式的逻辑主语同不定式具有逻辑动宾关系时,不定式要用被动式。But some people dont want good farmland to be built on. (P.25, Senior Book2B)4.不定式与疑问词连用不定式与疑问词连用,其作用相当于一个名词性从句,可充当句子的主语、宾语和表语。Im not sure whether to go to
15、 the one about accidents. (P.1, Senior Book3)5.不定式做定语时的有关问题不定式做定语时可以分为两类:不定式所修饰的名词是不定式的逻辑主语。China is the first countries in the world to study the science of farming.不定式同他所修饰的名词具有逻辑动宾关系,如果不能确立动宾关系或不定式为不及物动词,必须使用介词。6.不定式的逻辑主语问题不定式的逻辑主语表示不定式动作的执行者,通常由介词for加名词、名词性词组或宾格代词构成,置于不定式符号to之前。3分词1.现在分词被动式同过去分词
16、的区别现在分词同过去分词的根本区别可见下表。时间概念语态概念现在分词进展或与谓语动作同时主动概念过去分词完成被动概念但现在分词被动式being done也表示被动,在语态概念上与过去分词一样,因此区别就只在于时间概念了。2.分词作定语同不定式作定语的区别不定式作定语在时间概念上表示将要,这是他们之间最根本的区别。3.介词with后的宾语补足语介词with具有一般介词都不具备的语法功能,with后面可以带宾语+宾语补足语的构造。4.分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致;如果不一致,需在分词前加一个逻辑主语,分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格构造。关于分词作状语时的逻
17、辑主语问题,在试题中可以看到各种不同的命题技巧。5.现在分词作宾语补足语时同不定式作宾语补足语的区别动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe等可以用不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语,也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语,但意思有区别。不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的全过程已经完成;现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作在谓语动作发生的瞬间正在进展。四、练习题1. _wont be of much help. A .Toms going B. Tom going C. Tom to go D. Tom goes2. They managed _the meeting room
18、before the guests arrived. A. finishing to clean B. finishing cleaningC. to finish cleaning D. to finish to clean3. We must find a room big enough _. A. for all of us to live B. for all of us to live in C. to live in all of us D. of all of us to live4. _a teacher , I should set a good example to stu
19、dents . A. Being B. Having been C. To be D. As I being5. _a teacher, one must first be their pupil. A. Being B. Having been C. To be D. To have been6. It was stupid _ your advice. A. for me not to take B. for me not takingC. of me not to take D. of me not taking7. The teacher told him to speak loude
20、r _by, everybody. A. so as to be heard B. so as to hearC. in order that heard D. in order to hear8. They suggested _ the sports meet till next Tuesday. A. us to put off B. our putting offC. us of putting off D. our put off9. The doctor gave me some medicine, _ three times a day before meals. A. to t
21、ake B. to be taking C. to be taken D. I took it10. Thanking them for their kindness, he said that the old lady really appreciated _by them. A. visiting B. visited C. to be visited D. being visited11. _made her parents very angry . A. Janes engaging Black B. Janes being engaged to BlackC. Jane having
22、 engaged to Black D. Jane has engaged to Black12. Dont you think it any good_ in public places A. forbidding smoking B. to forbid smokingC. to forbid to smoke D. forbidding to smoke13. China is a _ country and we should introduce _ science and technology from the _ countries. A. developed; advanced;
23、 developed B. developing; advanced; developedC. developing; advancing; developing D. developed; advancing ; developing14. _, the work can be done much better . A. Given more time B. We had been given more timeC. More time given D. If more time had given15. _from space, the earth , with water _sevent
24、y percent of its surface , looks like a blue ball. A. Seen; covered B. Seeing; coveringC. Seeing; covered D. Seen; covering16. People always shake hands with each other when _. A. to introduce B. introduce C. introduced D. introducing17. _, tears ran down her pale face. A. No word said B. Say no wor
25、dC. Not saying a word D. Without saying a word18. Tigers _ meat -eating animals, _meat. A. belonged to; fed on B. belonging to; feed onC. were belonged to ; feed on D. belonging to ; feeding on19. We must take measures to prevent our earth _. A. to be polluted B. from pollutingC. from being polluted D. from polluted20. As the stone was too heavy to move, I left it _ on the ground. A. laying B. lay C. lying D. lain.
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