句子的类型1.docx

1、句子的类型1 学员 年级 初三科目 英语 第 次教案授课时间2017.5.教师姓名吴老师备课时间2017年5月日上课时间2017.5.课题名称句子类型课次总数共( )次课助教姓名上课频率教学目标进行句子类型系统复习教学重点句子的类型一共有三种：简单句、并列句和复合句。教学难点复合句中的宾语从句与状语从句是中考的重要考查内容。 教师活动教学过程一、作业检查与评讲二、回顾与复习（一）句子类型概述宾语从句考点：(1)一连词的选择；(2)主句与从句时态的呼应；(3)宾语从句的语序问题；(4)宾语从句和状语从句的区分。状语从句考点：(1)主句与从句的时态呼应问题；(2)连接词的选择（注意区别几组连接词：

2、while/ as/ when引导时间状语从句；because/ since/as/for引导原因状语从句；if/unless引导条件状语从句；so. that/such.that引导结果状语从句等。（二）基础知识梳理1简单句只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。如：Neither Bruce nor Susan can speak French.Mother bought a new schoolbag for me at the beginning of this term.2并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连词连在一起。常见的并列连词有and，but，o

3、r，so，for等。如：Go straight on and you will find atoilet.I would like to go with you, but I cant.Hurry or you will be late.She practices every day, so she plays the piano very well.It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.3复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句是句子的主体，从句是句子的一个成分，不能独立使用。下面总结一下初中阶段的主

4、要从句。1)宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导宾语从句的连接词有以下几种形式：(1)由that引导，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，没有实际意义，可以省略。如：We know (that) there are two kinds of sports.He decided (that) he was not going to say anything about it(2)由whether或if（是否）引导，只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，但不能省略。如：No one knows whether/if they have decided on the date of the meeting

5、.(3)由连接代词who，whom，what，which，whose和连接副词when，where，why,how等引导的宾语从句，这些连接词除了起连接主句和从句的作用外，还可在句中充当某个成分，不能省略。如：Could you tell me how I can get to the nearest subway station?She told me what she had seen in the museum.(4) 由it作形式宾语的从句。如：I think it necessary that everybody should try his best to help fightpo

6、llution.(5) 由形容词sorry, afraid, sure, glad等引出的宾语从句。如：We were surprised that Peter was the first to come.I am sure that you will be a success in the future.2)状语从句在复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句。常用状语从句有以下几种类型：(1)由when, while, as, since, until, as soon as等连词引导的时间状语从句。如：Its more than ten years since they came to Shangh

7、ai.Please send me an E-mail as soon as you arrive inSwitzerland.(2)由if，unless等词引导的条件状语从句。如：We shall go for a picnic if it doesnt rain tomorrow.I wont buy the dress unless it fits me well.(3) 由because, since, as, now that等词引导的原因状语从句。如：He asked for leave because he had to see the dentist.Now that ever

8、yone is here, shall we begin our discussion?(4)由though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：Although it was very late, he went on working.(5)由so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句。如：He ran as fast as he could so that the people inAthenscould learn the news earlier.(6)由so. that, such. that等词引导的结果状语从句。如：He ran so quickly th

9、at we couldnt keep up with him.The bus broke down, so we had to walk to the cinema.English is such a useful language that it is spoken in many countries.(7) 比较状语从句。常用的句型有as. as与more than结构。（参见形容词、副词一章）3)定语从句在复合句中作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句一般直接跟在被修饰的名词之后。被修饰的名词称为“先行词”。定语从句一般由关系代词who, whom, that, which引导，它位于先行词

10、与定语从句之间，本身又在定语从句中充当某个成分。如：Theboywho/thatis reading under the tree is my elder brother.先行词关系代词作主语Thepresentwhich/thatyou gave me for my birthday is very nice.先行词 关系代词作宾语(1) who和whom指人，who在从句中作主语，不能省略。而whom在从句中作宾语，一般可以省略。如：The woman who will give us a talk tomorrow is a famousprofessor.Do you know the

11、 girl (whom) we met outside the school gate?(2) which指物，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。如：The story which tells about three monkeys is very interesting.The magazine (which) I borrowed from the library was newly published.(3) that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。如：The pictures that hang on the back wall were all p

12、ainted by her.The restaurants (that) they have set up are welcomed by children.(4)如果先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、不定代词all, everything, nothing等以及only修饰时，关系代词必须用that。如：All that we need is fresh water.Ill never forget the first job that I found.Judy is the most honest girl that I have ever seen.【中考英语语法汇总】句子的类型 同步练习（

13、三）经典例题解析1.Dont drink too much coffee in the evening,_you wont fall asleep.Aand Bor Cbut Dso2.Study hard,_you will catch up with others.Aand Bor Cbut Dso3.Could you tell me_we will have a discussion tomorrow?A. whom B.that C.what D.where4.My sister asked me_ kite_A. who.this was B whose. this was C.

14、whose.was it D.who.was this5.Have you returned the book to the library? “What did she ask? “She asked _,”A. whether you have returned the book to the libraryB. if you had returned the book to the libraryC. whether have you returned the book to the libraryD. if had you returned the book to the librar

15、y6“I am writing a report and I cant go shopping with you”，George said.（改为由that引导的宾语从句）7.Will you please tell me_ with Peter?A. whats the matter B. what the matter isC. the matter is what D.what the matter it is8.I dont know if Mr Wang_If he_,please let me know.A. Comes. comes B. will come.will comeC

16、. comes.will come D. will es9.Could you tell me_?A. where the bookshop was B. where the bookshop isC. where was the bookshop D. where is the bookshop10.Light travels faster than sound. （句型转换）The teacher told us that light_faster than sound.A. travelled B. travels C. is travelling D. was travelling11

17、.“Can you help me with physics or not” She asked me.（句型转换）She asked me_I could help her with physics or not.12.He cant work out the problem by himself. I believe.（用宾语从句改写句子）13.She is going to report to us as soon as she_.A. will arrive B.arrives C. is arriving D. is going to arrive14.Mr Smith has wo

18、rked in that factory _ he moved to this city.A. since B.by C.when D.until15.He was so tired that he couldnt go any further.（句型转换）He was_ tired _go any further.16.Jane studied so hard that she passed the entrance examination finally(句型转换)Jane studied hard _ pass the entrance examination finally.17.Be

19、cause he is ill, so he cant go to school.（误）He is ill, so he cant go to school.（正）He cant go to school because he is ill.（正）18.Although he is old, but he is still in good health.（误）Although he is old, (yet) he is still in good health.（正）He is old, but he is still in good health.（正）19.In fact, I didn

20、t understand the question _ was asked in French.A. who B.whose C.which D.what20.All_ we need is fresh water.A. that B.what C.which D.who1.【解析】 答案是B。这里or表示转折，意为“不然”，“否则”。此句可以转换为：If you drink too much coffee in the evening, you wont fall asleep.2.【解析】答案是A。“努力学习，你就会赶上别人的。”此句可以转换为：If you study hard, you

21、 will catch up with others.注：祈使句在变为if从句后，原祈使句后的and或or必须去掉。3.【解析】本题考查的是宾语从句引导词的选择。连词that在宾语从句中无实际意义，口语中经常省略掉。whom和what应当是充当句子中的宾语，而此句中从句的宾语为 discussion, A,C均不适宜。这里是让对方告诉“明天在哪里开讨论会”，只有时间，没有地点，所以此题的正确答案是D。4.【解析】本题考查了宾语从句的语序及引导词的选用。宾语从句要使用陈述句语序，即“主语 + 谓语”的结构，因此首先排除C,D两项；who和whose都可以引导宾语从句；根据句意“谁的风筝”，故选B

22、。5.【解析】 答案是B。根据宾语从句时态前后应保持一致的原则，首先应排除A，C两项；又根据宾语从句的语序要求陈述句结构，排除D项。注：从句时态的呼应规律为原直接引语中变成的宾语从句中一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时或一般过去6.【解析】 原句为陈述句，引号内为直接引语，按要求应改成由that引导的宾语从句。根据上面的表格，主句的时态是过去时，从句的谓语动词要变成相应的过去的时态，以保持前后时态的一致。本题答案是George said that he was writing a report and he couldnt go

23、 shopping with me.7.【解析】 答案是A。原句Whats the matter with Peter?是一个特殊疑问句，变成了由what引导的宾语从句，因此what在句中作主语，the matter作表语，所以语序不变，系动词is不可放到表语the matter之后。故仍应是whats the matter。类似的结构还有I dont know what is wrong with Peter.而不是I dont know what wrong is with Peter.8.【解析】此题既考查了宾语从句的时态，又考查了条件状语从句。第一个句子里if引导的是一个宾语从句，因不

24、知“是否要来”，动作尚未发生，从句的谓语动词应用将来时will come才合情理。第二句中的if引导的是一个条件状语从句，意思是“如果他要来的话”。在条件句中应用一般现在时代替将来时。惟有D项才同时符合这两个条件，所以答案为D。9.【解析】 按照语法规则我们可以首先确定宾语从句为陈述句语序，便可以排除C、D选项。其次要弄清这里的could不表示过去时态，而是表示一种客气、婉转的语气，所以宾语从句不用过去时态。本题的答案是B。10.【解析】 当宾语从句表示的是一个自然现象、科学原理、客观事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。因此本题答案为B。11.【解析】宾语从句中如果是含有or的选择

25、疑问句，应该用whether来连接，而不用if，这里应填whether。注：whether和if均可用来引导宾语从句，意思也相同，一般可互换。但下列情形须用whether，不用if。(1)介词之后：We are talking about whether we will go for a picnic or not.(2)不定式之前：I asked her whether to sit at the front.(3)与or not连用时：I dont know whether he can speak Japanese or not.12.【解析】 当主句的主语为I，we，谓语为think，

26、believe，guess，suppose等词时，其后的宾语从句的否定应该转移到主句上。如：I dont think she can drive a bus.所以本题的答案为：I dont believe he can work out the problem by himself.13.【解析】 答案是B。在when，as，before，after，as soon as，until等引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句中，从句该用一般将来时的时候，需用一般现在时去代替一般将来时。这里的A，C，D三个选项均表示将来，所以不能选。14.【解析】答案是A。因为since引导的时间状语从句在绝

27、大多数情况下时间搭配比较固定，主句是可延续性动词的现在完成时，从句是瞬间性动词的一般过去时，表示动作的起点。但是It issince句型例外；如:it is almost ten years since we left school.15&16【解析】结果状语从句可以转换成简单句。当 that从句是否定式时，可转换成“tooto do”结构，当that从句是肯定式时，可转换成“形容词副词+enough( for sb ) to do”结构。上面两道题的答案分别为15. too，to 16. enough，to17.【解析】表示“因为所以”这种概念时，不可受汉语习惯的影响。要么只用because

28、，构成原因状语从句；要么只用SO，构成并列句。because/as/since不能与so出现在同一句中。18.【解析】 though/although不能与but出现在同一句中，但可以用yet。In fact, I didnt understand the question _was asked in French.A. who B.whose C.which D.what19.【解析】答案是C。“事实上我不懂用法语提出的这个问题。”句中，先行词question指物，故用关系代词which，在定语从句中作主语。20.【解析】答案是A。“我们所需要的是淡水。”句中“that we need”是定语从句，修饰先行词all。 all是不定代词，后面一般不用关系代词which修饰，排除C。what不引导定语从句，排除B。D则与句意不符。四、课堂总结五、学员自我总结六、课后作业、复习或预习内容布置