四级真题共12页word资料.docx

1、四级真题共12页word资料2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题与当今“教师”一称最接近的“老师”概念，最早也要追溯至宋元时期。金代元好问示侄孙伯安诗云：“伯安入小学，颖悟非凡貌，属句有夙性，说字惊老师。”于是看，宋元时期小学教师被称为“老师”有案可稽。清代称主考官也为“老师”，而一般学堂里的先生则称为“教师”或“教习”。可见，“教师”一说是比较晚的事了。如今体会，“教师”的含义比之“老师”一说，具有资历和学识程度上较低一些的差别。辛亥革命后，教师与其他官员一样依法令任命，故又称“教师”为“教员”。 Part I Writing （30 minutes）唐宋或更早之前，针对“经学”“律学”“算

2、学”和“书学”各科目，其相应传授者称为“博士”，这与当今“博士”含义已经相去甚远。而对那些特别讲授“武事”或讲解“经籍”者，又称“讲师”。“教授”和“助教”均原为学官称谓。前者始于宋，乃“宗学”“律学”“医学”“武学”等科目的讲授者；而后者则于西晋武帝时代即已设立了，主要协助国子、博士培养生徒。“助教”在古代不仅要作入流的学问，其教书育人的职责也十分明晰。唐代国子学、太学等所设之“助教”一席，也是当朝打眼的学官。至明清两代，只设国子监（国子学）一科的“助教”，其身价不谓显赫，也称得上朝廷要员。至此，无论是“博士”“讲师”，还是“教授”“助教”，其今日教师应具有的基本概念都具有了。 Direct

3、ions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.我国古代的读书人,从上学之日起,就日诵不辍,一般在几年内就能识记几千个汉字,熟记几百篇文章,写出的诗文也是字斟句酌,琅琅上口,成为满腹经纶的文人。为什么在现代化教学的今天,我们念了十几年书的高中毕业生甚至大学生,

4、竟提起作文就头疼,写不出像样的文章呢?吕叔湘先生早在1978年就尖锐地提出:“中小学语文教学效果差,中学语文毕业生语文水平低,十几年上课总时数是9160课时,语文是2749课时,恰好是30%,十年的时间,二千七百多课时,用来学本国语文,却是大多数不过关,岂非咄咄怪事!”寻根究底,其主要原因就是腹中无物。特别是写议论文,初中水平以上的学生都知道议论文的“三要素”是论点、论据、论证,也通晓议论文的基本结构:提出问题分析问题解决问题,但真正动起笔来就犯难了。知道“是这样”,就是讲不出“为什么”。根本原因还是无“米”下“锅”。于是便翻开作文集锦之类的书大段抄起来,抄人家的名言警句,抄人家的事例,不参考

5、作文书就很难写出像样的文章。所以,词汇贫乏、内容空洞、千篇一律便成了中学生作文的通病。要解决这个问题,不能单在布局谋篇等写作技方面下功夫,必须认识到“死记硬背”的重要性,让学生积累足够的“米”。 1.一次性塑料袋的使用2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag_Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to

6、go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For questions 8 -10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Thats enough, kidsIt was a lovely day at the park and St

7、ella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.“Id watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child hed shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turn

8、ed to the boy and said, firmly, No, we dont push,” What happened next was unexpected.“The boys mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says,” I thought she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behav

9、ior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other peoples children has become a minefield.In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my

10、sisters house its encouraged. For her, its about kids being kids: “If you cant do it at three, when can you do it?”Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunts house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. Thats OK between s

11、isters but becomes dangerous territory when youre talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.“Kids arent all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.” But there is still an idea that theyre the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of oursel

12、ves, so if youre saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then thats somehow a criticism of me.”In those circumstances, its difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.“Id go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author o

13、f Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that we dont do that here is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child fi

14、rst can bring its own headaches, too.This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if theyre there and ask them to deal with it,” she says. Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: “Explain your n

15、eeds as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: I know youll think Im silly but in my house I dont want”When it comes to situations where youre caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things dont go well

16、, then have a chat.”Therere a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.”For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has af

17、fected everyone:” The rules are different now from when todays parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: dont swear, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. Theyre worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out either from older children, or their parents.”

18、He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when youre living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world

19、 in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”“Its about what Im doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, you probably deserved it. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go a

20、t teachers.”This jumping to our childrens defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other peoples children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, youre going to have to deal with the parent. Its admirable to be protective of our

21、kids, but is it good?“Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White says. “I suspect that its only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school better educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”White believes

22、our notions of a more child-centered, it a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). Were centered on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interes

23、ts of the children.”One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi intervention(干预) on her son behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy mother.As Bianchi approached the park be

24、nch where shed been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”Andrew Fuller doesnt believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other p

25、eoples kids. “look at kids that arent your own as a potential minefield,” he says. He recommends that we dont stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors.1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boys mother to do when she talked to him?A) make an apologyB) come ov

26、er to interveneC) discipline her own boyD) take her own boy away2. What does the author say about dealing with other peoples children?A) its important not to hurt them in any wayB) its no use trying to stop their wrongdoingC) its advisable to treat them as ones own kidsD) its possible for one to get

27、 into lots of trouble3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when ones kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel_A) discouragedB) hurtC) puzzledD) overwhelmed4. What should one do when seeing other peoples kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller?A) talk to them dire

28、ctly in a mild wayB) complain to their parents politelyC) simply leave them aloneD) punish them lightly5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society, _A) parents are worried when their kids swear at themB) people think it improper to criticize kids in publicC) people are reluctant to point our k

29、ids wrongdoingsD) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep,_A) its easy for people to become impatientB) its difficult to create a code of conductC) its important to be friendly to everybodyD) its hard for people to

30、 admire each other7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school?A) theyd question the teachersB) theyd charge up to the schoolC) theyd tell the kids to clam downD) Theyd put the blame on their kids8. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred soci

31、ety should be_9. According to professor white, todays parents treat their children as something they_10. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not_Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one o