中考语法一般过去时讲解.docx

1、中考语法一般过去时讲解中考语法一般过去时讲解一、复习思路 通过系统全面的复习,使得学生对一般现在的了解更全面,学会灵活运用一般过去时,重点理解一般过去时的结构、用法以及一般过去时的时间状语。二、复习要点知识点一：一般过去时的含义。一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态、过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为、过去主语所具备的能力和性格。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often，always等表示频率的时间状语连用。表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。1.表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。例如：I went toschool at 7:00 yeate

2、rday morning .我昨天早晨七点去上学。 2.表示在过去某个时间存在的状态。例如：She was not at home last night .她昨晚八点没在家。3.表示过去习惯性、经常性反复发生的动作，常和often (经常)、always(总是)、sometimes(有时)等表示频率的时间状语连用。例如：He often had lunch at school last month.他上个月经常在学校吃午饭。4.表示已故的人所做的事情或情况。例如：Ba Jin wrote a lot of novels for us .巴金写了很多部小说。【小试牛刀】请将下列的汉语句子翻译成正

3、确的英语。1.你昨晚去哪了？_我去了王府井的一家商店。_2.李明前天想给妈妈买件大衣，但他没有太多的钱。_3.我们去年在南京玩得不快乐。_.知识点二：一般过去时的结构。一般过去时的时态的句式构成一共有Be动词的一般过去时态、实义动词的一般过去时态、助动词和情态动词的一般过去时态三大类，每一种类又分为四种形式，分别为一般过去时的肯定句，一般过去时的否定句，一般过去时的一般疑问句，一般过去时的特殊疑问句句式。1 Be 动词的一般过去时态.在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词， am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.构成：肯定句：主语+was (were) +表语如：I was l

4、ate yesterday. （昨天我迟到了。）否定句：主语+was (were) +not+表语如：We werent late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到)疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+表语如： Were you ill yesterday? （你昨天病了吗？）肯定回答： Yes, I was. (是的，我病了。)否定句： No, I wasnt. (不，我没病。)特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语如：When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？【学习总结】学习动词be的一般过去时，下面有一口诀，它可以帮你们更好地掌握动词be的

5、一般过去时。be的过去时有四巧：一是时间状语巧，表示过去的短语要记牢；二是形式巧，单数was，复数were；否定句结构是三巧，not紧跟waswere；四是疑问句式巧，waswere向前跑(提前)。【一巧】时间状语巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，恰巧与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。例如：yesterday, last night week month year, last Saturday, the day before yesterday, in 1998, five years ago等。【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样，形式多样：当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，谓语动

6、词用was；主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时，谓语动词用were例如：I was in the classroom yesterday morning 昨天早上我在教室里。He was at school last Tuesday 上周二他在学校。They were over there a moment ago 刚才他们在那边。【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词be的一般现在时一样，它在动词后面加not即可变成否定句，并且was, were与not可以缩写成wasnt, werent。即：主语 wasnt werent 表语 其他。例如：I was not (wasnt) here yesterda

7、y 昨天我不在这儿。My parents were not (werent) at home last Sunday 上周日我父母不在家。【四巧】 疑问句式巧。把was, were提到句首，句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即：Was(Were) 主语 表语 其他？这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句式相似。例如：Were you at home the day before yesterday 前天你在家吗？Was she late this morning 今天早上她迟到了吗？更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语waswere”；否定回答用“No,主语wasntwerent”

8、。例如：Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now 刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗？Yes, they were (No, they werent) 是的，她们在。（不，她们不在。）【小试牛刀】 从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。( )1 My fatherill yesterday A isnt B arent C wasnt D werent( )2 your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were( )3 The twinsin Dalian last year Theyhere now A

9、 are; were B were; are C was; are D were; was( )4 your father at work the dayyesterday A Was; before B Is; beforeC Was; after D Is; after( )5 Who was on duty last Friday A I am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasnt2 实义动词的一般过去时态肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.肯定句为：主语+动词过去式+宾语如： I went home a

10、t nine oclock yesterday.（我昨天九点钟回的家。）否定句：主语+didnt +动词原形+宾语如：I didnt go home yesterday. (我昨天没回家。)疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+宾语如： Did you go home yesterday? (你昨天回家了吗？)肯定回答： Yes, I did. (是的，我回了。)否定回答：No, I didnt. (不，我没回家。)【小试牛刀】请用正确动词形式填空。1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend.2. _ she _(practice) her guita

11、r yesterday? No, she _.3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening?4.He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book.5. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.6. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend.7.She _ (stay) at home and _(do) some cleaning.3 助动词和情态动词过去式如下：shallshould（将要）用于第一人称单数willwo

12、uld（将要）用于所有人称cancould（能，会） maymight（可以） mustmust （必须）have tohad to（不得不）助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。如： I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。)4.There be 句型的过去时态(1)肯定式there be句型的一般过去时表示过去某地或某时存在某人或某物，其一般过去时态的陈述句由“therewaswere主语地点状语时间状语”构成。there was后接单数名词；there were后接复数名词。例如：There was a c

13、ar under the tree a moment ago.刚才这棵树下有一辆小轿车。There were two foreign teachers in our school last year.去年我们学校有两名外教。（2）否定式there be句型一般过去时的否定式是在动词was或were的后面加not，可缩写为wasnt或werent。例如：There wasnt a film in the cinema last night.昨晚电影院里没有演电影。There werent any women doctors then.当时没有女大夫。（3）一般疑问式及其回答there be句型一

14、般过去时的一般疑问式是将动词was或were放在there之前。肯定回答用“Yes, there waswere.；否定回答用“No, there wasntwerent.”。例如：Was there a man in the room just now?刚才房间里有位男子吗？Yes, there was.是的，有一位。Were there any girl singers in your class last year?去年你们班有女歌手吗？No, there werent.不，没有。（4）特殊疑问式及其回答there be句型一般过去时的特殊疑问式由“疑问词waswerethere地点状语

15、时间状语”构成，有时地点状语和时间状语可省略。答语不能使用Yes或No，需视情况直接回答。例如：Why was there so much water?（这里）为什么有那么多水？It was raining just now.（因为）刚才下雨了。5. 般过去时态的“三变”技巧一变：肯定句变为否定句【技巧1】当句中含有情态动词或助动词could，would，should等时，可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如：I could get you a concert ticket. I could not / couldnt get you a concert ticket.【技巧2】当句中含有系

16、动词was，were 时，可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如：I was on the Internet when you called me. I was not / wasnt on the Internet when you called me.【技巧3】当句中谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时，在该动词之前加did not / didnt，动词还原，构成否定句。例如：The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. The famous singer did not / didnt sing any Chinese so

17、ngs.二变：陈述句变为一般疑问句【技巧1】移动词语的位置。将was，were, could，would，should等移到句首。例如：He could pack his things himself. Could he pack his things himself?【技巧2】添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was, were以外的动词时，在主语之前加did，动词还原。例如：Mr Li looked very old. Did Mr Li look very old?三变：陈述句变为特殊疑问句【技巧1】确定疑问词：人who / whom，物what，地点where，时间wh

18、en / what time，原因why，频率how often，长度how long，距离how far等等。例如：They gave the concert last night. When did they give the concert?【技巧2】辨认结构形式：疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+.? 例如：The accident happened near the station. Where did the accident happen?【小试牛刀】选择1.She lived there before he _ to China.A. cam

19、e Bcomes C. come D. coming2.I _ but _ nothing.A. was listened; was hearing B. listened; heard C. have listened; heard D. listened; heard of3 When did you _here? A. got to B. reached C. arrive in D. reach4.I_my homework at 7:00 yesterday evening.A. finished B. would finish C. was finishing D. finish5

20、.-He didnt shopping with you yesterday afternoon, did he?-_.A. No, he doesnt B. Yes, he didnt C No, he did D. Yes, he did.6. When_ you_ supper?A. have; had B.do. have C. did, have D. will have二.填空1.They_(be)on the farm a moment ago.2.There_(be) a shop not long ago.3.Jenny_(not go) to bed until 11:00

21、 oclock last night.4.Danny_(read)English five minutes ago.5.I_(see)Li Lei _(go)out just now.6.He_(do)his homework every day. But he _ (not do) it yesterday.7.When I was young, I _(play) games with my friends.8.When _you_(write) this book? I_it last year.9.Did he_(have) lunch at home?10.I_(eat)the br

22、ead, Im full now.三.句型转换1. The children had a good time in the park.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_3. Ann did her homework yesterday evening.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_4. Last week I read an English book.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定/否定回答：_对划线部分提问：_5. My b

23、rother was in the park just now.否定句：_一般疑问句：_对划线部分提问：_知识点三：一般过去时的用法1.表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态常有明确的时间状语，如yesterday，last night, some years ago，in1890等，以及由when等引导的时间状语从句。Tom didnt come to class yesterday.汤姆昨天没来上课。We went to dance last night.昨晚我们去跳舞了。-Hello! I didnt know you were in London. How long have yo

24、u been here? 喂!我不知道你在伦敦。你来多久了？2.表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作常与often，usually，seldom等表示频度的副词连用。When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old friends there.我在乡村里，经常去拜访那里的朋友。I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school.我上学时每周去看一场电影。注意：表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，还可用used to 或would加动词原形表示。When I stayed at Aunt

25、Lius ,she would tell me about the great changes which had taken place in the village since liberation.当我住在刘大娘家时，她常常告诉我解放以来农村发生的巨大变化。She used to go for a walk after supper, but now she prefers to stay at home.她过去晚饭后总出去散步，但现在她却喜欢呆在家里。3.用来代替过去将来时在条件、时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。They said they would let us kn

26、ow if they heard any news about him.他们说如果听到什么关于他的消息，就通知我们。He promised that when he went to the bookstore, he would buy me a book.他答应去书店时为我买本书。He said he would not go if it rained.他说如果天下雨就不去了。They told us that they would not leave until she came back.他们告诉我们，直到她回来他们才会离开。知识点四：一般过去时的时间状语时间标志词： 1.yesterd

27、ay或以其构成的短语：yesterday morning(afternoon, evening)等；2. 由“last+时间名词”构成的短语：last night, last year (winter, month, week)等；3. 由“时间段+ago”构成的短语：a moment ago, a short time ago, an hour ago等；4. 其它：just now等知识点五：动词的过去式1.动词过去时的规则变化规则动词的过去式变化如下：（1）、一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如：work -worked play-played wanted-wanted act-acted（2）、以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如：live-lived move-moved taste-tasted hope-hoped（3）、以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如：study-studied copy-copied cry-cried carry-carried（4）、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如