历年考研英语一完形填空真题doc.docx

1、历年考研英语一完形填空真题docThehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1 thisislargelybecause,2animals,westandupright.This meansthatournosesare3toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloat throughtheair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact5,weareextremelysensi

2、tivetosmells,6wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapable of7humansmellseven whentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.Strangely,somepeople findthatthey cansmell onetypeofflower butnotanother,9others aresensitivetothesmells of bothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessary togene

3、rate10smellreceptorsinthe nose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend11tothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeople insensitivetoa certainsmell12cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen13toitoftenenough.Theexplanation forinsensitivity tosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit14tokeepallsmellreceptorsw

4、orkingallthe timebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.This may16explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmellswe simplydonotneedtobe.We arenot17oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe18newsmellswhenwevisitsomeone elses.The brainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors19forunfamiliarandemergency signals20thesmellofsmo

5、ke,which mightindicatethedangeroffire.1.Aalthough Bas Cbut Dwhile2.Aabove Bunlike Cexcluding Dbesides3.Alimited Bcommitted Cdedicated Dconfined4.Acatching Bignoring Cmissing Dtracking5.Aanyway Bthough Cinstead Dtherefore6.Aevenif Bifonly Conlyif Dasif7.Adistinguishing Bdiscovering Cdetermining Ddete

6、cting8.Adiluted Bdissolved Cdetermining Ddiffused9.Awhen Bsince Cfor Dwhereas10.Aunusual Bparticular Cunique Dtypical11.Asigns Bstimuli Cmessages Dimpulses12.Aatfirst Batall Catlarge Dattimes13.Asubjected Bleft Cdrawn Dexposed14.Aineffective Bincompetent Cinefficient Dinsufficient15.Aintroduce Bsumm

7、on Ctrigger Dcreate16.Astill Balso Cotherwise Dnevertheless17.Asure Bsick Caware Dtired18.Atolerate Brepel Cneglect Dnotice19.Aavailable Breliable Cidentifiable Dsuitable20.Asimilarto Bsuchas Calongwith DasidefromThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmericaspopulation.1homelessnesshasreachedsuchprop

8、ortions thatlocalgovernmentcantpossibly2.Tohelphomelesspeople3independence,the federalgovernmentmustsupportjob trainingprograms,4theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing.5everyoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates6anywherefrom600,000to3million.7 the figure may vary,analysts do ag

9、ree on another matter:that the number of the homeless is 8,one of the federal governmentsstudies9 thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto10thisgrowing homelesspopulation hasbecomeincreasingly difficult.11whenhomelessindividuals managetofinda12thatwillgive

10、themthree meals aday andaplace tosleepatnight,a goodnumberstillspendthebulk of eachday13thestreet.Part oftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcohol ordrugs.Andasignificant numberofthehomeless haveseriousmental disorders.Manyothers,14notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday15skillsn

11、eededtoturntheirlives16.Boston GlobereporterChrisReedynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhen thereare17programsthataddressthemany needsofthehomeless.18EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceat BentleyCollegein Massachusetts,19it.Therehastobe20ofprograms.Whatweneedisapackagedeal.1.AIndeed BLike

12、wise CTherefore DFurthermore2.Astand Bcope Capprove Dretain3.Ain Bfor Cwith Dtoward4.Araise Badd Ctake Dkeep5.AGenerally BAlmost CHardly DNot6.Acover Bchange Crange Ddiffer7.ANowthat BAlthough CProvided DExceptthat8.Ainflating Bexpanding Cincreasing Dextending9.Apredicts Bdisplays Cproves Ddiscovers

13、10.Aassist Btrack Csustain Ddismiss11.AHence BBut CEven DOnly12.Alodging Bshelter Cdwelling Dhouse13.Asearching Bstrolling Ccrowding Dwandering14.Awhen Bonce Cwhile Dwhereas15.Alife Bexistence Csurvival Dmaintenance16.Aaround Bover Con Dup17.Acomplex Bcomprehensive Ccomplementary Dcompensating18.ASo

14、 BSince CAs DThus19.Aputs Binterprets Cassumes Dmakes20.Asupervision Bmanipulation Cregulation DcoordinationBy1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million1of thesenationslooked2tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoftheleaders

15、of independence3theidealsofrepresentativegovernment,careers4totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the5toprivate property,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.6therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereign andindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya 7setoflaws.Onth

16、eissueof8ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,9,there waslessagreement10theleadership.Roman Catholicism hadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11bytheSpanishcrown.12mostleaderssoughttomaintain Catholicism13theofficialreligionofthenewstates,some soughttoendthe14ofotherfaiths.The defense oftheChurch becam

17、ea rallying15fortheconservativeforces.Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependence wereoftenegalitarian,valuing equalityofeverything.Bolivar had receivedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolish slaveryintheareas heliberated.By1854 slaveryhadbeen abolished everywhereexcept Spains17colonies.Earlypromisestoen

18、dIndiantribute andtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigin camemuch18becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies19.Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfears thatthe massofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy.1.Anatives Binhabitants Cpeoples Dindividuals2.Aconfusedly Bcheerfully Cworriedly Dhopefu

19、lly3.Ashared Bforgot Cattained Drejected4.Arelated Bclose Copen Ddevoted5.Aaccess Bsuccession Cright Dreturn6.APresumable BIncidentally CObviously DGenerally7.Aunique Bcommon Cparticular Dtypical8.Afreedom Borigin Cimpact Dreform9.Atherefore Bhowever Cindeed Dmoreover10.Awith Babout Camong Dby11.Aal

20、lowed Bpreached Cgranted Dfunded12.ASince BIf CUnless DWhile13.Aas Bfor Cunder Dagainst14.Aspread Binterference Cexclusion Dinfluence15.Asupport Bcry Cplea Dwish16.Aurged Bintended Cexpected Dpromised17.Acontrolling Bformer Cremaining Doriginal18.Aslower Bfaster Ceasier Dtougher19.Acreated Bproduced

21、 Ccontributed Dpreferred20.Apuzzledby Bhostileto Cpessimisticabout DunpreparedforTheidea thatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothers isone ofthose hypothesesthatdarenotspeak itsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway.Heisthat2bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently 3any institution.He helpedpop

22、ularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactually infections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.5he,however,might trembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishinga paperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthanth

23、eothers,butexplainstheprocessthathas broughtthisabout.Thegroupin8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessis naturalselection.ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,912-15pointsabovethe10valueof100,and havecontributed 11tothe intellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe12oftheirelites,inclu

24、dingseveralworld-renownedscientists,13heyalso suffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,such asbreastcancer.Thesefacts,14ave previouslybeenthoughtunrelated.The formerhasbeen15socialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16ucation.Thelatter wasseenasa(an)17geneticisolation.Dr.Cochransug

25、geststhattheintelligence anddiseasesareintimately18 isargumentis thattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19emtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20ateof affairs.1.Aselected Bprepared Cobliged Dpleased2.Aunique Bparticular Cspecial Drare3.Aof Bwith Cin Dagainst4.Asubsequently Bpresently C

26、previously Dlately5.AOnly BSo CEven DHence6.Athought Bsight Ccost Drisk7.Aadvises Bsuggests Cprotests Dobjects8.Aprogress Bfact Cneed Dquestion9.Aattaining Bscoring Creaching Dcalculating10.Anormal Bcommon Cmean Dtotal11.Aunconsciously Bdisproportionately Cindefinitely Dunaccountably12.Amissions Bfo

27、rtunes Cinterests Dcareers13.Aaffirm Bwitness Cobserve Dapprove14.Amoreover Btherefore Chowever Dmeanwhile15.Agivenup Bgotover Ccarriedon Dputdown16.Aassessing Bsupervising Cadministering Dvaluing17.Adevelopment Borigin Cconsequence Dinstrument18.Alinked Bintegrated Cwoven Dcombined19.Alimited Bsubj

28、ected Cconverted Ddirected20.Aparadoxical Bincompatible Cinevitable DcontinuousResearch onanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.1thefruit-flyexperiments describedinCarlZimmerspieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthanthe averagefruitfly2toliveshorterl

29、ives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,that thereisan4innotbeingtooterrifically bright.Intelligence,it 5,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burns morefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseit dependsonlearning-a7process-instead ofinstinct.Plenty ofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingstheyve a

30、pparentlylearnedis whento8.Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?Thats thequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastinga wistfulglance10atallthespeciesweveleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,it implicitly askswhatthereal11ofourownintelligence mightbe.Thisis 12themindofeveryanimalIve evermet.Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthe chance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall scalestudyinoperantcond