考研英语真题与答案完整版.docx

1、考研英语真题与答案完整版2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are. 1 the fruit-fly experiments described in Carl Zimmers piece in the Science Times on Tuesday. Fruit flies who were taught to be smarter than the avera

2、ge fruit fly 2 to live shorter lives. This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer, that there is an 4 in not being too terrifically bright. Intelligence, it 5 out, is a high-priced option. It takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning a gradual 7 ins

3、tead of instinct. Plenty of other species are able to learn, and one of the things theyve apparently learned is when to 8 . Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence? Thats the question behind this new research. I like it. Instead of casting a wistful glance 10 at all the species weve left in the

4、 dust I.Q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be. This is 12 the mind of every animal Ive ever met. Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance. Every cat with an owner, 14 , is running a

5、 small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that 15 animals ran the labs, they would test us to 16 the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for terrain. They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really 17 , not merely how much of it there is. 18 , they would

6、hope to study a 19 question: Are humans actually aware of the world they live in? 20 the results are inconclusive.1. A Suppose B Consider C Observe D Imagine2. A tended B feared C happened D threatened3. A thinner B stabler C lighter D dimmer4. A tendency B advantage C inclination D priority5. A ins

7、ists on B sums up C turns out D puts forward6. A off B behind C over D along7. A incredible B spontaneous Cinevitable D gradual8. A fight B doubt C stop D think9. A invisible B limited C indefinite D different10.A upward B forward C afterward D backward11. A features B influences C results D costs12

8、. A outside B on C by D across13. A deliver B carry C perform D apply14. A by chance B in contrast C as usual D for instance15. A if B unless C as D lest16. A moderate B overcome C determine D reach17. A at B for C after D with18. A Above all B After all C However D Otherwise19. A fundamental B comp

9、rehensive C equivalent D hostile20. A By accident B In time C So far D Better stillSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text1Habits are a funny th

10、ing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a nega

11、tive connotation.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of though

12、t onto new, innovative tracks. But dont bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, theyre there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.“The first thing nee

13、ded for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to decide, just as our president calls himself the Decider.” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill

14、 off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”All of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware, she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary wa

15、ys: analytically, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.The current emphasis on standardized testin

16、g highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I Will.” and Ms. Markovas busi

17、ness partner. “Thats a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being A. casual B. familiar C. mechanical D. changeabl

18、e. 22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be A. predicted B. regulated C. traced D. guided 23.“ruts”(in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning to A. tracks B. series C. characteristics D. connections24. Ms. Markovas comments suggest that the practice of standard test

19、ing ?A, prevents new habits form being formed B, no longer emphasizes commonnessC, maintains the inherent American thinking model D, complies with the American belief system25. Ryan most probably agree that A. ideas are born of a relaxing mind B. innovativeness could be taught C. decisiveness derive

20、s from fantastic ideas D. curiosity activates creative mindsText 2It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom or at least confirm that hes the kids dad. All he needs to do is shell our $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugsto

21、re and another $120 to get the results.More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fog, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests

22、 Directly to the public , ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500.Among the most popular : paternity and kinship testing , which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and latest rage a many passionate genealogists-and supports businesses that offer to sea

23、rch for a familys geographic roots .Most tests require collecting cells by webbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA. But some observers are skeptical, “There is a kind of false precision being hawked by pe

24、ople claiming they are doing ancestry testing,” says Trey Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors-numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited thro

25、ugh men in a fathers line or mitochondrial DNA, which a passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other grea

26、t-great-grandparents. Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies dont rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This

27、 means that a DNA database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation. 26.In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTKs _.Aeasy availabi

28、lity Bflexibility in pricing C successful promotionD popularity with households27. PTK is used to _.A locate ones birth place B promote genetic researchC identify parent-child kinship D choose children for adoption 28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to_.Atrace distant ancest

29、ors Brebuild reliable bloodlinesCfully use genetic information Dachieve the claimed accuracy 29. In the last paragraph ,a problem commercial genetic testing faces is _.Adisorganized data collection Boverlapping database building 30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be_.A Fors and

30、Againsts of DNA testing B DNA testing and Its problemsC DNA testing outside the lab D lies behind DNA testing Text 3The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessa

31、ry for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research