高考状语从句专项复习.docx

1、高考状语从句专项复习连词和状语从句考点与难点归纳：1、状语从句连词的含义及用法比较；2、no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 引导的从句的区别；3、状语从句的时态问题；4、状语从句倒装及省略问题；5、状语从句与其它从句区别。考点一：连词1.表并列关系：and, not only .but (also) ., neither, nor, neither . nor .等词连接的并列句，在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申，包括肯定和否定两方面的意义。The report has not only attracted much attention, but also some sharp

2、criticism.那篇报道不仅吸引了许多关注，同时也遭到了一些尖锐的批评。Neither does he work hard, nor does his brother.他和他兄弟工作都不努力。2表选择关系：常用的有or, either .or ., otherwise等。Dont drive so fast or/otherwise youll have an accident.不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。3表转折关系：常用的有but, while, yet, still, however等。 Some men are rich, while others are poor.一些人很富有

3、，但另一些人很贫穷。4表因果关系：常用的有so, for, thus, therefore(副词）. It must have rained last night for it is wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了，到处都这么湿。(2012新课标全国卷)You have to move out of the way_ the truck cannot get past you.AsoBor Cand Dbut解析：句意：你得让开，否则卡车从你身边过不去。or意为“否则，要不然”，符合语境。B考点二：时间状语从句（一）连接词when的用法小结1.when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当

4、的时候”从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的。如： When the film ended, they went back. When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.2. When 常用于下列句式： when为并列连词意为“就在这时”。 was doing somethingwhen was about to dowhen was on the point of doing sth. when had donewhen3. when可以表“既然”，如：It was foolish of you to ta

5、ke a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.(2012江西七校联考)既然你五分钟就可以走到那儿，可你还打的去，真的太傻了。（二）while用法小结1. while引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”；从句的动作必须是持续性的，如： Please dont talk so loud while others are working.2. while引导时间状语从句, 意为：趁的情况赶紧做 Strike while the iron is hot.3. while引导让步状语从句，放于主句之前，意为“尽管，虽然”，相当于alt

6、hough While I admit that the problems are difficult , I dont agree that they cant be solved. 4.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue.while（三）as用法小结1. as可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边一边”；随着 She sang as she walked home all the way. (一边一边） She was doing her homework as she

7、was listening to the music. As she grew older, she became more beautiful. （随着） As the day went on, the weather got worse.2. as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为、由于” As she is free today, she would like to do some shopping. 3. as引导让步状语从句（从句必须倒装）意为“尽管”。 Tired as he was, he refused to take a rest. （尽管） Hard as he worked,

8、he cant work out the problem. Child as he is, he knows a lot.Try as he might, he wouldnt succeed.注意：as从句通常将作表语的adj/n.、作状语的adv、作谓语的do(情态动词后的动词原形)提前构成倒装句。 连接词when, while, as的用法区别： when, while, as这三个连词都可表示“当的时候”。1) when可表示一个时间点，也可表示一个时间段。如：When he came in, we were having supper.When we were having supp

9、er, the light suddenly went out.2) while则只表示一个时间段。它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态。如： When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. While he was watching TV, the boy fell asleep.3) as则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行;也可表示“随着”。She sang as she walked along.As the election approached, the violence got wors

10、e.（4）一.就.表达法小结：1the moment, the instant，the minute, the second, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan这些连词引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。 I came immediately you called me up.2如果hardly, scarcely或no sooner置于句首，主句必须部分倒装。 注意：主句过去完成时，从句一般过去时Hardly /scarcely had I got home wh

11、en it began to rain.He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.(2011辽宁高考) No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。（五）time短语小结the first /second/last time, every time, each time, next time, by the time也可引导时间状语从句，从句一般时态The fi

12、rst time I drove the car, I felt very nervous.Next time you come, please bring your composition.（六）till, until和notuntil小结：1. until/till从句用于肯定句主句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。：We waited until/till he came. 2. until/till从句用于否定句主句时，主句谓语动词终止性动词，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：He wont go to bed until her father re

13、turns.3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如： Until you told me I had no idea of it.4notuntil句型的强调句，须将not一起提前强调： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.5. Not until. 放句首强调时，主句部分倒装。 Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.注意：till/until 从句中的谓语动词都是终止性动词（7）连接词before的小结：1、含义：before表示“在之前”，但还有如下意

14、思1） We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.“才” 2） We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.“不到就” 3） Please write it down before you forget it.“趁” 4） Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. “还没来得及” The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, an

15、d her friend rushed out to greet her.(2010福建高考)小女孩还没来得及按门铃，门就突然开了，并且她的朋友冲出来问候她。2before的一些特殊句式1）It will be/wasbefore “还要过多久才” It will be two years before he leaves the country.2）It will be/was notbefore “不多久就” It wasnt two years before he left the country.3）It is/has been时间段since如： It is three years

16、since she was in the army. It is three years since she joined the army.（八）once的用法小结once引导时间状语从句时含有条件意味，译为“一旦”。_ they decide which college to go to，students should research the admission procedures.(2010北京)AAs BWhile CUntil DOnceThe research program is so designed that once started, nothing can stop

17、it.（九）since 用法小结1.since引导时间状语从句，自从(1)从句常用一般过去时,主句常用现在完成时或完成进行时。(2)固定句型： It is/has been段时间since一般过去时。 若从句谓语动词是延续性的，表示多久没做； 若从句谓语动词是短暂性的，则表示自从做多久了 Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? Yes，since she _ the Chinese Society. Ahas joined Bjoins Chad joined DjoinedWhat was the party like? Wonderful.

18、Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. Aafter Bwhen Cbefore Dsince Do you smoke? _. Its three years since I smoked. AYes，I do BYes，I dont CNo，I dont DNo，I doDDC考点三：地点状语从句地点状语从句只有两个连词: Where，whereverWhere - 在地方，Wherever - 无论在什么地方The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for

19、 her mother.这个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她妈妈。1.Put the medicine where you can easily get it.2.Where there is a will, there is a way. (地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。)3.He follows her wherever she goes.4.Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别。where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点

20、的先行词后面。When solving the problem a second time, youd better be more careful where you made a mistake. When solving the problem a second time, youd better be more careful in the place where you made a mistake.当你第二次解决这个问题的时候，你要在出过差错的地方更加小心。考点四：条件状语从句条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句（用在虚拟语气）。注意：在真实条件句中，常用一般现在时或现在完成时

21、代替将来时。常由下列连词引导条件状语从句：if, unless, suppose, supposing, providing (that), provided (that)（假如、倘若）；given (that)如果有，in case, on condition that, as long as, so long as, so far as等。 (1) unless=if . not 除非 You will fail unless you study hard. (2) suppose, supposing, providing(that), provided(that), given(tha

22、t)= if 倘若；假使Given that he supports us, well win the election. You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the river bank.只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。 (3)on condition that（假设）, as long as, so long as = only if （只要） I dont mind where you go, as long as youre back before midnight.只要你在午夜之前回来，我不介意

23、你去哪里。 (4) as(so) far as .（就/据.） So far as I am concerned, Im in favor of “mercy killing”. 就我个人而言， 我支持安乐死。考点五：让步状语从句1. 由though, although, as (虽然尽管), even if, even though, wh-ever, no matter-wh, whether. or.引导.1) Though he is old, yet he is active.2) Although most of the people agreed, some were not w

24、illing to accepted.3) Proud as/though the nobles are, he is afraid to see me.We wouldnt lose heart even if we should fail ten times.4) Whenever (=no matter when) you call on me, you are always welcome.5) Wherever (no matter where) you work, you can always find time to study.6) Take the one you like

25、best, whichever (no matter which) it is.2. though与although，不能与but连用，但可以与yet, still, nevertheless等连用，用来加强语气。Though ( Although ) he was tired, yet (still) he went on working.3. as引导让步状语从句倒装,将从句表语的形容词、名词、副词或动词原形放于as之前。although 不可以倒装，though可倒可不倒，as必倒。4. whether or 无论还是Whether sick or well, shes always h

26、appy.5.no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 的联系及区别no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与 wh-ever通用。No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.wh-ever又可引导名词性从句， No matter wh-不能。如：Whoever can help us will be welcome.考点六：原因和方式状语状语从句原因状语从句通常由because, since, as, now that, seeing (that), consideri

27、ng that等引导。Now that you are familiar with the authors ideas, try reading all the sections as quickly as possible.(2012北京西城区高三期末)既然你熟悉作者的思路，那就尝试着尽可能快地阅读所有的章节。Considering that I have told you three times, you must know it.鉴于我已经告诉你三次了，你肯定知道这件事了。1、 because表示事情发生的直接原因或理由，它的语气很强。 He didnt come to school y

28、esterday because he was ill.2、 since常表示对方已经知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。其语气比because要弱，一般译成“既然”。如：Since you are here, why not stay for a few more days?3、 as常用于表示十分明显的原因，说明因果关系，重点放在主句上，语气较弱，常译成“由于”。如：As its getting darker, we must go home now.4、 for只是一个并列连词，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个分句进行附加说明。如：It must have ra

29、ined last night, for the ground is wet1)回答why的提问,必须用because。 Why didnt he come yesterday? _ he had something important to do. ABecause BAs CSince DFor2)当有only，just, all, partly, not, but等修饰时， The two girls were late again, which was partly because they got up late.3) 在强调原因状语从句时，只能用because。 It was be

30、cause it rained hard that they put off the football match.方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as“像一样”， as if (though)“似乎，好像”等引导。1. 由连词：as（像一样）, as if, as though（似乎）引导 1) You must try to do as I did. 2) Lets do as Mrs. Li teaches us. 3) He talks as if he knew all about it. 4) Leave it as it is. 5) He heard a noi

31、se, as if someone was breathing. 6) I saw the man looking about him as if he wished to impress upon his mind everything.2. as if和as though，引导的从句与事实相反多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气，表示情况接近事实。He treats me as if I were his own son.The house was greatly damaged by the truck. Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。He acted