直接引语和间接引语最全讲解.docx

1、直接引语和间接引语最全讲解直接引语和间接引语（Direct Speech and indirect Speech) 关键词：英语语法,直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。例如：Mr Black said, “Im busy” 布莱克先生说：“我很忙”（直接引语） Mr Black said that he was busy. 布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语） 1 陈述句 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时

2、间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。在这一方面，汉语和英语有许多相似之处，因此，在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。1）人称的变化a) He said, “I like it very much.”他说：“我非常喜欢它。” He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。b) He saidto me, “Ive left my book in your room.” 他对我说：“我把书放在你的房间里了。” He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了。2）

3、时态的变化 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。时态的变化例句 直接引语 - 间接引语一般现在时 - 一般过去时He said, “Im afraid I cant finish this work.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.现在进行时 - 过去进行时He said, “Im using theknife.”He said that he was using the knife.现在完成时 - 过去完成时S

4、he said, “I have not heard from him since May.”She said that she had not heard from him since May.一般过去时 - 过去完成He said, “I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时不变He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.3)指示代词、时间

5、状语、地点状语和动词的变化：变化例句直接引语-间接引语this-that 这个-那个She said, “I will come this morning. She said that she would go that morning.these-those这些=那些He said, These books are mine.He said that those books were his.Now-then现在-那时He said, It is nine 0clock now.He said that it was nine 0clock then.Today-that day 今天-那天

6、He said, I havent seen her today.He said that he hadnt seen her that day.yesterday- -the day before昨天-前一天she said, I went there yesterday.She said that she had gone there the day before.tomorrow-the next(following) day明天-第二天she said, Ill go there tomorrow.She said that she would go there the next (f

7、ollowing) day.here-there这里-那里come-go来-去注：（1）直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：He said, Light travels much faster than sound.He said that light travels much faster than sound. (2)如果在当地转述，here 不必改为there,动词come 不必改为go. 如果在当天转述yesterday, tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语变间接引语。见下表。分类 连接词 例句 注意事项 补充说明 当直接引语为“陈述句”时 连接词：th

8、at（口语中常常省略） He says, “ I will go to the park tomorrow.”-He says (that) he will go to the park tomorrow.He said, “ I will go to the park tomorrow.”-He said (that) he would go to the park tomorrow.He said to me, “ you can help her.”-He said to me (that) I could help her. 1. 连接词：that2. 人称：1主，2宾，3不变3. 时

9、态。 1. 黑体部分是连接词。斜体部分为间接引语部分。2. 间接引语部分均为陈述语序。3. 间接引语部分实际上是宾语从句，连接词之间的叫主句。4. 当主句是一般现在时态，间接引语部分与直接引语的时态相同。5. 当主句是一般过去时态，间接引语部分变为相应的过去时态。 当直接引语是“一般疑问句”时。 连接词：if或者whether.可译为：是否 He asked me, “Are you good at math?-He asked me if I was good at math.He asked Amy, “ Do you love me?”-He asked Amy whether she

10、loved him.He asks me, “Is she reading?”-He asks me if she is reading. 1. 连接词：if , whether2. 语序：改为“陈述语序”。 （去掉：Do, Does, Did改变Are, Is, Will, Can位置）3. 人称：1主，2宾，3不变4. 时态。 当直接引语为“特殊疑问句”时。 连接词：直接引语中的特殊疑问词。 He asked his wife, “How are you?”-He asked his wife how she was.He asked me , “ What color do you li

11、ke?”-He asked me what color I liked.He asks me, “ where will she go 3 days later.”-He asks me where she will go 3 days later. 1. 连接词：特殊疑问词2. 语序：改为“陈述语序”。（去掉：Do, Does, Did改变Are, Is, Will, Can位置）3. 人称：1主，2宾，3不变4. 时态。 当直接引语为“祈使句”时 没有连接词。用: ask(tell) sb. to do sth改写。或tell (ask) sb. not to do sth. 改写 He

12、said to Amy, “Be careful!”-He asked Amy to be careful.He shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.”-He told Lily to close the door.He said to me, “Dont be late.”-He asked me not to be late. 1. 不用连接词2. 不改变时态。3. 无须考虑语序4. 人称：1主，2宾，3不变 1. 斜体部分为间接引语部分。2.间接引语部分是动词不定式，在句中作宾语补足语。 重点概括：直接引语变间接引语有着时态，人称，时间状语，地点状语的变化。

13、1.时态变化： 直接引语： 一般现在时间接引语： 一般过去时 直接引语： 现在进行时间接引语： 过去进行时 直接引语： 一般将来时间接引语： 过去将来时 直接引语： 现在完成时间接引语： 过去完成时 直接引语： 一般过去时间接引语： 过去完成时 2人称变化： She asked Jack，Where have you been? She asked Jack where he had been 3指示代词的变化： thisthat；thesethose He said, These books are mine He said that those books were his 4时间状语的变

14、化： nowthen； todaythat day； yesterdaythe day before； tomorrowthe next daythe following day My father said，“I worked here twenty years ago My father said that he had worked there twenty years before 5地点状语的变化： Here-there He asked me，“How can I get here? He asked me how he could get there. 直接引语变间接引语的句式变

15、化： 1陈述句：间接引语用that连接或that连接词省略。 2一般疑问句：间接引语用if或whether, said改为asked,句子用陈述语序。 3特殊疑问句：间接引语用原来的特殊疑问词引导，句子用陈述句语序。 4语法知识归纳 直接引语的祈使句变间接引语的方法： 要将祈使句动词原形变为带“to”的不定式，并且在不定式的前面根据意思加上tell，ask，order等词，如果是否定式，不定式前面加not。 Open the window, the teacher said to the boy The teacher told the boy to open the window Tell

16、him to come in, the boss said to the secretary The boss told the secretary to tell him to come in Dont leave the door open, he said He told us not to leave the door open.直接引语变间接引语“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her br

17、other wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. How is your sister now?He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr

18、Smith said Jack was a good worker。 变时态： 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。 现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如： 1)She said. I have lost a pen.She said she had lost a pen 2)She said. We hope so.She said they hoped so. 3) She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to see his friend。 但要注意在以下几种

19、情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。 直接引语是客观真理。 The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如： Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?

20、Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up a

21、t six every morning。 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如： Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day。 三、如何变状语： 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点

22、状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如： He said, These books are mine. He said those books were his. 四、如何变句型： 直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes.She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导

23、的宾语从句.如：He said, Can you swim, John? He asked John if he could swim. You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. Do you go to school by bus or by bike? He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. 直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代

24、词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.句型。如： Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup o

25、f tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. 直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如： He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film. 引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如： John

26、said, Im going to London with my father. 约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语） John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）直接引语变为间接引语时，需要注意以下变化：人称的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的主语的人称要遵循“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”的原则。如下表：直接引语的主语变为间接引语后第一人称与主句的主语一致第二人称与主句的宾语一致第三人称不变时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语的时态应进行如下变化：直接

27、引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化直接引语间接引语直接引语间接引语地点状语herethere时间状语yesterdaythe day before动词comegotodaythat day指示代词thisthattomorrowthe next daythesethoseagobefore注意事项1. 如果主句为一般现在时或将来时态，间接引语的时态不变。2. 如果在当地转述，here不改为there，come也不改为go。3. 如果在当天转述，today, tomorrow或yest

28、erday等不改变。4. 如果转述的是自然现象、客观存在的规律等，间接引语的时态不变。直接引语和间接引语用法精讲引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：John said, Im going to London with my father.约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his father. 约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）一、如何变人称：学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。

29、下面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. How is your sister no

30、w?He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如：1)She said. I have lost a pen.She said she had lost a pen2)She said. We hope so.She said they hoped so.3) She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to see his friend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真