新世纪U1B4.docx

1、新世纪U1B4Unit 1 Book 4Man in the Realm of Nature1. Difficult Sentences1) (LL56) We are connected with nature by “blood ties” and we cannot live outside nature.What does “blood ties” refer to?(=It refers to such very close relationship as kinship.)Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然

2、，我们将无法生存。)2) (LL89) Humanity converts natures wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life of society.Translate this sentence into Chinese. (=人类把自然资源转变为各种文化和社会历史的财富。)3) (LL1114) Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions, he has also

3、 changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals.Analyze the structure of this sentence.(=This is a compound sentence led by “not only(but) also”. The firsthalf led by “not only” is the inverted structure.More examples:*Not only is Tom very clever, he is also very

4、 diligent.*Not only did he lose his bag, but he himself got lost.*Not only does he write the lyrics to the songs, but he also composes the music.Paraphrase this sentence.(=Man has shifted different kinds of plants and animals to areas with different climates from those of their original habitats. Mo

5、reover, man has transformed the shape and climate of his own environment and accordingly the plants and animals have also adapted themselves to the changes. )4) (LL 2324) Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as something hostile to man.What can we learn from this sentence?(=We can learn tha

6、t the power of nature is out of mans control so that it is believed to be unfavorable to humanity.)Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。)5) (LL2628) This was all done in the name of civilization, which meant theplaces where man had made his home, where the earth was cultivated,

7、 where the forest had been cut down.Analyze the structure of this sentence. (=The attributive clause led by “which” includes another three attributive clauses led by “where” in parallel structure.)Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的。所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园、耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。)6) (LL 3234

8、) Science and mans practical transforming activities have made humanity aware of the enormous geological role played by the industrial transformation of the earth.Paraphrase this sentence.(=Man has realized the great geological changes caused by the industrial influence on the earth, which is made b

9、y science and mans transforming activities in practice.)7) (LL3537) At present，the previous dynamic balance between man and nature and between nature and society as a whole, has shown ominous signs of breaking down.What can we learn from this sentence?(=We can learn from the sentence that man has th

10、reatened the balance between man and nature and between nature and society, which used to be maintained dynamically, but now tends to collapse.) Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已显现出崩溃的迹象。)8) (LL4344) Modern technology is distinguished by an ever-increasing abundanc

11、e of produced and used synthetic goods.What can we infer from this sentence?(=We can infer from this sentence that it is modern technology, to a great extent, that enables the production and consumption of large quantities of synthetic goods.)Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的

12、人工合成产品。) 9) (LL5861) Its solution lies in rational and wise organization of both production itself and care for Mother Nature, not just by individuals, enterprises or countries, but by all humanity.Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=这一问题的解决之道在于理性而明智地协调生产和对大自然的关爱之间的关系，这不仅要依靠个人、企业或者国家的力量，而且要依靠全人类的

13、力量。)10) (LL6668) But to return to our theme, the bitter truth is that those human actions which violate the laws of nature, the harmony of the biosphere, threaten to bring disaster may turn out to be universal.Paraphrase this sentence.(=As we come to the topic under discussion, it is painful to see

14、the fact that human activities may well bring disaster through the violation of the laws of nature and the harmony of the biosphere. )Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=但是，回到我们原先的主题上，令人难以接受的事实是那些违背了自然规律、破坏了生物圈和谐的人类行为将会带来灾难，而这一事实可能是普遍存在的。)2. Words and Expressions1) (L 1) realm: n. a country ruled

15、 over by a king or queen; a general area of knowledge, activity, or thought*The king had to call representatives of different classes of the realm into consultation upon the national economic crisis. 影片将孩子们带入了幻想的王国。(=The movie has brought children to a realm of imagination.)Collocations:public realm

16、 公众领域*He always projects an image of success in public realm. 他总是以成功人士的形象出现在公众面前。within the realms of possibility 有可能的*It was actually within the realms of possibility. 这是完全有可能的。2) (L 2) interact: vi. if people or things interact with each other, they affect each other(=Lucy interacts well with othe

17、r children in the class.)所有事物都是互相联系又互相作用的。(=All things are interrelated and interact with each other.)3) (L 7) transform: vt. to completely change the appearance, form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it *Increased population has transformed the landscape.这部戏几

18、乎在一夜之间把她从一个不为人知的校园女生变成了演艺巨星。(=The play transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar.)cf. change, convert & transform这些动词均有“变化，改变”之意。change指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。convert指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。transform指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西。(Direction

19、s:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1. In order to _ their environment, he drew up the project. (=transform)2. Carbon dioxide can be _ into oxygen through the agency of plant. (=converted)3. Why do the leaves on trees _ colour in autumn? (=change)4. He always

20、 attempts to _ others to a particular doctrine or belief. (=convert)4) (L 8) convert: v. to change something into a different form of thing, or to change something so that it can be used for a different purpose or in a different way *They converted the spare bedroom into an office.In the process, th

21、e light energy converts to heat energy.他成功地让我接受了他的观点。(=He succeeded in converting me to his point of view.)5) (L 9) subdue: vt. gain control of, esp. by defeating (=For a century we laboured to settle and to subdue the continent.)警方设法制服了愤怒的人群。(=Police managed to subdue the angry crowd.)NB:该词的过去分词sub

22、dued可作形容词，意为“柔和的，减弱的，无精打采的”。例如：In the bar, there is subdued light and soft music. Richard seems very subdued tonight.6) (L 10 ) discipline:1. vt. train or develop, esp. in obedience and self-control*Disciplining children takes patience and consistency.不同文化中对于孩子的训导方式是不一样的。(=Different cultures have di

23、fferent ways of disciplining their children.)2. n. 1) a way of training someone so that they learn to control their behaviour and obey rules *The book gives parents advice on discipline.2) an area of knowledge or teaching*The information that has evolved in one discipline may permit exciting advance

24、ment in another.她对营销这门学科的实践知识和强烈的求知欲给我留下了深刻的印象.(=I was greatly impressed by her practical knowledge of the discipline of marketing and her strong desire to learn more.)Collocations:discipline problem 纪律问题discipline oneself 自律instill discipline into sb. 灌输纪律观念7) (L 10) compel: vt. make (a person or t

25、hing) do sth., by force, moral persuasion, or orders that must be obeyed(=Our minds are so constructed that they compel us to view the external world in only one way.)法律要求雇主必须提供健康保险。(=The law compels employers to provide health insurance.)cf. compel, force & oblige 这些动词均含“迫使”之意。compel 指在法律、权力、力量或行动等

26、的驱使下被迫而为。例如: *A parent may compel his child to do his lessons by threatening to suspend his allowance. 家长可能会采用威胁暂停津贴的办法迫使其子女学习。force 指用个人意志、权力、权威或暴力等，迫使他人改变看法或做本不愿做的事。例如: *Government troops have forced the rebels to surrender. 政府军已经迫使叛乱者投降。oblige 指由于生理或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有权威的人或机构迫使某人做某事，还可指在特定情况下被迫作出的

27、反应。例如: *Circumstances had obliged him to sell the business. 形势逼迫他卖掉公司。8) (L 11) transfer: 1. v. move from one place, job, position, etc., to another *Michael transferred from Company 6 to the Security Service.2. n. *Most of the bills are paid by electronic transfer.权力的移交迅速而又和平地得以实现。(=The transfer of

28、 power was effected swiftly and peacefully.)9) (L 17) in fear of: in a state of fear about*Ordinary people lived in fear of being arrested by the secret police.他们生活在不断的饥饿恐惧中。(=They live in continual fear of starvation.)10) (L 20) attain: vt. to succeed in achieving something after trying for a long

29、time*More women are attaining positions of power in public life.他们最后一定能获得解放。(=Theyre sure to attain emancipation in the end.)11) (L 24 ) hostile: a. showing extreme dislike or disapproval; unfriendly*Senator Lydon was hostile to our proposals.工程进展得很慢，因为不少学者对普通人持敌对态度。(=The project proceeded slowly be

30、cause many scholars were hostile to the common people.)12) (L 26 ) retreat: vi. move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity, esp. when forced to do so(=Perry lit the fuse and retreated to a safe distance.)从公众生活中隐退是不明智的。(=It was not a sensible choice to retreat from public life.)cf. ret

31、ire, retreat & withdraw这些动词均含“退下，退却”之意。retire 指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自动辞职、退役等。例如: *I retired from teaching three years ago. 三年前我就不再教书了。retreat 含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。 *The enemy was forced to retreat. 敌军被迫撤退了。withdraw 强调因某种原因而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。也指军队的撤退。 *As the troops withdraw , the entire city celebra

32、ted the liberation. 部队撤退时,整个城市欢庆解放。13) (L 30) concerned: a. affected by something or worried about it; believing something is important*All the people present are concerned with childrens education.很多政客更关注的是权力和控制而不是人民的利益。(=Many politicians are more concerned with power and control than with the good of the people.)Collocations: