简单句语法指导老师版10份 Microsoft Word 文档.docx

1、简单句语法指导老师版10份 Microsoft Word 文档简单句语法指导英语句子按照结构可分为：简单句、并列句和复合句。简单句：只有一个主语和一个谓语构成的句子叫做简单句。简单句可以分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。下面分析这四种类型的句子。并列句：含有两个或两个以上的独立分句的句子叫并列句。并列句不能只用逗号分隔，要用分号“；”或逗号加并列连词连接。复合句：复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句构成的句子。从句只能用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。根据从句在句子中的作用，可以分为名词性从句，副词性从句（状语从句）和兄容此行从句（定语从句）三类。陈述句肯定式结构为谓语动词由be动词、实义动

2、词、情态动词构成；否定式结构为“be动词/实义动词/情态动词+not”They have already visited the museum. They havent visited the museum yet.She wants to go shopping, too. She doesnt want to go shopping, either.使用否定结构应注意的问题：（1） 肯定句中的already 和too在变否定句时，要分别改为yet 和either（2） 除not外，其他否定词也可构成否定句。not.at all 一点也不 not.any more 不再 never 从不 f

3、ew / little 几乎没有 hardly 几乎不（3） 当句子中含有某些动词（think,believe,expect,suppose等）时，往往将意义上属于从句的否定转移到主句中。（否定前移）I dont think there is any quick answer to the question.我认为这个问题不能很快就给出答案。I dont believe such little animals can eat so many insects.我认为这么小的动物吃不了这么多昆虫。 注意：英语中的部分否定以及全部否定部分否定全部肯定all.not ; not.allnonenot

4、both.; both.notneithernot every.;every.notno+n.not always.never例句翻译：Not all birds can fly. =All birds can not fly. 不是所有的鸟都会飞 Both of the two math problems are not very difficult.=Not both of the two math problems are very difficult.并非两道数学题都难。Not every book is educative. =Every book is not educative.

5、不是每本书都有教育意义的。He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。None of us was allowed to go there. 我们全都不让去那里将下列句子变成全部否定：All of them can do it. None of them can do it .Both are good. Neither is good. Everybody knows it. Nobody knows it.He is always late. He is never late.疑问句：疑问句用以提出问题。按结构可分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句和选择疑问

6、句。1. 一般疑问句 常用“Yes” 或者“No” 来回答。构成：“Be动词+主语+表语.”或“助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语.”结构来表达。Are they from France? Yes, they are./No, they arentDid she write this letter? No, she didnt./Yes, she didCan you tell me the way to the station? Yes, I can./No, I cant2 否定疑问句构成：“Be动词/助动词/情态动词+not+主语.?”Wont you have a cup of tea? (

7、提出建议)Havent you read the newspaper? (表示惊异)注意：对于否定形式的一般疑问句的回答要根据事实情况判断不要翻译成中文。肯定回答用“Yes+肯定简略句” 否定回答用“No+否定简略句” （2）反义疑问句的回答：反义疑问句一般用yes或no回答，但要注意时态及人称代词的呼应。特别注意在“前否后肯”的句子，要根据事实情况回答.Eg. -He isnt a doctor, is he? -Yes, he is. /No, he isnt.Eg. - Hes a doctor, isnt he? -Yes, he is. /No, he isnt. （3）反义疑问句的

8、注意事项：a. 句子中含have的反义疑问句He has had something to eat, hasnt he? He had a shower, didnt he? He doesnt have much money, does he?ShehadstudiedafewEnglishsongsbytheendoflastmonth，hadnt she?They had to leave early. didnt they?We have to get up at four tomorrow, dont we?陈述部分的谓语动词是have/has to ,表示“不得不”，反意部分的谓语

9、动词常用do的适当形式b. 陈述部分是there be 结构时，附加问句仍用there.There was a lot of traffic, wasnt there? c.陈述部分为肯定祈使句时，附加问句用will you或wont you.陈述部分为否定祈使句时，附加问句用will you.陈述部分是以Let me/us开头的祈使句时，附加问句用will you.陈述部分是以Lets 开头的祈使句时，附加问句用shall we.Look at the blackboard, will /wont you?Dont make any noise, will you?Let us wait f

10、or you in the reading room, will you?Lets go to the cinema, shall we?d.陈述部分带有no,never,hardly,seldom,hardly,few,little等否定词时，附加问句用肯定形式。若是带有否定词缀的派生词，如dislike,useless,unable,helpless等，则附加问句根据谓语动词而定。They hardly watch TV on school nights, do they?He is never late for school, is he?It is impossible to forg

11、et the past, isnt it?Its unfair, isnt it?e.陈述部分是主从复合句时，附加问句通常与主句一致。注意：若陈述部分主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等后接宾语从句时，附加问句部分与宾语从句一致，且注意从句中的否定转移现象。They all think that Chinese is very important, dont they? He said he would come here the next day, didnt he? We believe she can do it better, cant sh

12、e? I dont think he likes playing football, does he?f. 陈述部分的主语是指人的不定代词no one,everyone,someone,everybody等，强调全部时，其附加问句的主语用they;强调个体时，附加问句的主语用he.Everyone knows the answer, dont they? 人人都知道答案，是这样吧？（强调整体）Someone is expecting you, isnt he? 有人在等你，是不是？（强调个体）g.陈述部分的主语是指物的不定代词everything,anything,something,noth

13、ing等时，附加问句的主语用it.Everything goes well with you, doesnt it? 你一切顺利，是吧？Nothing happened to him, did it? 他没有遇上什么事，对吗？注意；these, those作主语时，附加问句要用they.These are not books, are they?h.感叹句的反义疑问句What a funny man, isnt he? How cool the weather, isnt it?Howfastheruns, doesnthe?How interesting the books ,arent t

14、hey?5.选择疑问句选择疑问句时用or连接询问的两部分，以供选择，答案必须是完整的句子或其省略式，不能用yes 或no-Do you go to work by bus or by bike? -I go to work by bus. (by bus)祈使句祈使句用来表达请求、命令、劝告等语气。祈使句的谓语动词没有时态、数的变化。1. 第二人称作主语的祈使句用动词原形开头。Get up quickly, or you will be late for school.Please come and meet my family.第一、三人称作主语的祈使句通常以let开头，否定形式在动词原形前

15、加not.Let us have another try.Lets not say anything about it.2. 祈使句的否定形式祈使句的否定形式一般在句首加dont，有时也可用never.Dont eat in the classroom.Never judge a person by looks.在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件.例：Dont go out,please.Its raining heavily outside.- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行,我

16、得去机场接我弟弟.感叹句一般用what或how引导。What修饰名词；how修饰形容词、副词、或句子1. what引导的感叹句 what+a/an+形容词+单可数名词（+主语+谓语）！What+名词性词组 What+形容词+不可数名词/复数可数名词（+主语+谓语）Dont wait for people to be friendly, show them what a friendly person you are.不要等待别人对你友好，让他们了解你是多么友好的人。What interesting books youve bought us.2. how引导的感叹句How+形容词/副词（+主语

17、+谓语）！ How clever the girl is!How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词（+主语+谓语） How clever a boy he is!How+主语+谓语 How time flies! 3. 两种感叹句的互换“How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词（+主语+谓语）”形式的感叹句可以与“what+a/an+形容词+单可数名词（+主语+谓语）！”形式的感叹句互换，且意义不变。How long a way it is from Beijing to New York!=What a long way it is from Beijing to New York. (注意两种

18、感叹句互换时冠词的位置变化)把下列各句改成感叹句：1. They are very beautiful flowers.What beautiful flowers they are! How beautiful the flowers are!2. The woman is very kind! How kind the woman is! What a kind woman!3. Were having a fine day.What a fine day were having!4. Peter jumps high! How high Peter jumps! 5. He writes

19、 English well. How well he writes English!并列句含有两个或两个以上的独立分局的句子叫并列句。并列句不能只用逗号分隔，要用分号“；”或逗号加并列连词连接。常用的单个词的并列连词有 and ;but; or; so 等单个词的并列连词用法：1.由“and”连接表示平行关系。意为“和”“而且”。We are here anyway, and thats lucky. 我们总算到了，而且运气不错。2.由“but”连接，表示转折关系。意为“但是”They see the trees but not the forest.他们只见树木，不见森林。There wil

20、l still be difficulties, but we can manage.困难仍然会有，但是我们可以设法解决。3.由or连接，表示选择。意为“或者，否则”The sea can be blue or green or grey. 海有时候会是蓝色，或者绿色，或者灰色。3. Do you want to have a bath at once, or shall I have mine first? 你想马上洗澡，或者我先洗？由so连接，表示推理。意为“因此，所以”The play began at eight, so we must have dinner at seven.常用的

21、由词组构成的并列连词both A and B；not only A but also B ；either A or B ；neither A nor B由词组构成的并列连词的用法:1. 由“both A and B”连接，意为“A和B”A和B可以是两个名词、形容词、介词短语、或动词。Both the teacher and my classmates were very pleased with my answer.She is famous both for her kindness and for her understanding.她出了名的好心眼和善解人意。2. 由not only A

22、 but also B“连接，意为“不但A而且B”She is not only a teacher but also a writer.Not only the teacher but also the students are invited. (谓语动词就近原则)3. 由“either A or B”连接，意为“或者A或者B”You can either take your father or your mother to the party.Either you or I am wrong.（谓语动词就近原则）4. 由“neithernor ”连接，具有否定的含义，意为“既不.又不.”

23、Neither Tom nor the twins like to play football. (谓语动词就近原则)My father neither drinks nor smokes.倒装句 英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前，谓语在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前，就叫全部倒装；如果只把助动词，情态动词或be动词放在主语之前就叫做部分倒装。部分倒装 (1)Only在句首，修饰副词，介词词组成状语从句时。a. Only then did he find it important to get along with others.b. Only in this w

24、ay can we make great progress. c. Only after he came back were you able to see him. 注意：句首的only，（包括连词not only.but also）只修饰（或连接）主语部分，则不引起倒装。 Only he can answer the question. (2)当句首状语为否定词或带有否定含义的词语时，常见的这类词或词语有not, never, hardly, seldom, hardly, 等a. Seldom had I seen such a beautiful picture. b. Hardly

25、had I arrived home when the phone rang. C.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. (3)当notonlybutalso位于句首引出句子时，notonly后的句子通常用部分倒装形式。如：Notonlyisheateacher,butheisalsoapoet.Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly,buthespokemoreeasily. (4)当So位于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或物）时。 I trusted him c

26、ompletely. So would anyone who know him. (5)当neither 位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物时；或者表示否定的意义在延伸的时候。a. “I didnt mean what I said, you know.” “Neither (Nor) did I”. b. I dont know. Neither (Nor) do I care. 完全倒装 (1)在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。 1. Herecomesthetrain.2. There goes the bell. 3. Now comes you

27、r turn. 4. Then followed three days of heavy rain. (2)当表示地点的介词词组在句首时。 1. At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. 2. The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. 3. East of the lake lie two towns. 4. Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier. 简单句练习题目单选：A1.Benwasbusytakin

28、gatrainingclass，_wehadtowaitforhimforhalfanhour.A.soB.ifC.orD.butA2.Weshouldgivetheboyanotherchance_hehasmadesomemistakes.A.thoughB.whenC.unlessD.becauseA3.Whereareyougoingforthecomingwintercamp?Iwontdecideontheplace_theendofthismonth.A.untilB.unlessC.thoughD.throughD4.TellussomethingaboutCanada,OK?

29、Imsorry._Jack_Ihaveeverbeenthere.A.Either;orB.Notonly;butalso C.Both;andD.Neither;norB5.Couldwegoandwatchthefootballgame?No,_youhavethetickets.A.ifB.unlessC.becauseD.sinceA6.Therearenobuses,_youllhavetowalk.A.soB.orC.butD.forD7.Wecaneasilybecomeunhappy_weworkoutourproblemsinourdailylife.A.afterB.ifC.untilD.unlessD8.-Whatwasyourbrotherdoingatthistimeyesterday?-Hewasreadingamagazine_Iwaswritingane-mailathome.A.