1、高考英语二轮复习 精品资料专题03 代词教学案教师版2013高考英语二轮复习 精品资料专题03 代词教学案(教师版)【2013高考考纲解读】代词可以使语句简洁、干净利落。因此也是高考的一个重要考点。代词多出现在单项填空和阅读理解中。从近几年的高考题来看。代词的考点主要集中在不定代词以及it的用法上。命题点:一是不同代词之间的意义和功能,如:all,both,none,neither,either,any等意义区别;it,one,ones,that,those的不同指代功能;二是不同代词在语法特征上的差异。2013年的高考会加强对用法较复杂的不定代词的考查。【重点知识整合】一、人称代词:主格一般
2、用作主语;宾格一般用作宾语,值得注意的是:当人称代词孤立地用于不带谓语的句子时,一般使用宾格。 Does any of you know where Tom lives?你们中有没有人知道汤姆住在哪里? Me我知道。【例】My grandma still treats me like a child. She cant imagine _ grown up. A. my B. mine C. myself D. me 二 、物主代词:物主代词分为名词性和形容词性物主代词,名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”,在句中作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用作后置定语,但不能作定语。 三 、反身代词
3、 反身代词一般用来强调自己,在句中可用作某些动词或介词的宾语。如:dress oneself自己穿衣;feel oneself觉得正常;come to oneself恢复知觉;help oneself to随便吃用; devote oneself to致力于;make oneseIf at home不拘束;enjoy oneself玩得痛快;say to oneself心里想;excuse oneself自我辩解;talkspeak to oneseIf自言自语;defend oneself自卫; make oneself done使自己被;teach oneself自学;seat onese
4、lf坐下;introduce oneself自我介绍;hide oneself躲藏;call oneself自称;find oneself.不知不觉处于;amuse oneself自娱自乐;express oneself表达自己;by oneself,for oneself,to oneself。还可以作主语或宾语的同位语,可译作“亲自,本人”,但不能作主语。【例】Our neighbors gave a baby bird yesterday that hurt when it fell from its nest. A. us, it B. us, itself C. ourselves,
5、 itself D. ourselves, it四、指示代词:1)单数this,that;复数these,those。而this,these是近指;that,those是远指。在说话当中,this一般指下文要讲的事,that一般指上文所提到的事或内容。2)this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”,可与here连用;that, those是时间或空间上的“远指”,可与there连用。3)指上文提到的事一般用that,有时也用this,指下文的事只能用this。4)打电话时,用this来介绍自己,用that来问对方,不用I或you。【例】Nine in ten parents said th
6、ere were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _ of their parents. A. those B. one C. it D. that 五、不定代词 some与any:some一般用于肯定句中,但在表示请求并希望对方能给予肯定回答时,可用于疑问句中;any一般用于否定和疑问句中,但当any强调“任何”时,也可用于肯定句中。同理,something,somebody,someone的用法同some;anything,anybody,anyone的用
7、法同any。此外,还要注意积累一些常考不定代词的熟词新意,如: 代词基本意义其他意义everything一切事最重要的事everyone =everybody每个人所有人something某事重要(了不起)的人或事物anyone =anybody任何人,无论谁重要的人nothing没有东西,什么也没有不重要的人或事someone =somebody某/有人重要的人anything什么事物,任何事物no one=nobody没有人(只能指人,不能指物)不重要的人【注意】(1)当这些不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 (2) 不定代词的修饰词位置 形容词或动词不定式修饰something,an
8、ything, nothing等不定代词时,这些修饰成分要放在后面。如:There is something wrong with the clock.闹钟出了毛病。 Theres nothing new in todays newspaper.今天报纸上没有什么特别新闻。(3) no one,nothing与none的用法1)no one意为“没有人”,只能指人,不能指物,不可与介词of连用,谓语动词用单数形式,回答who引导的问句。如:Who is in the washroom?No one.2)nothing意为“没有东西”,一般回答what。如:Whats in the box?No
9、thing.3)none既可指人,也可指物,强调数量,意为“一点也不,一个也不”;谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数;常与of连用,通常指“三者以上的人或物中没有一个”, How manymuch提问时的否定回答用none;Who提问时的否定回答用no one;What提问时的否定回答用nothing。如:They were all tired. But none of them would stop to have a rest.他们都累了,但没有一个愿意停下来休息。4)another指三者或三者以上当中的另一个;the other指两者当中的另一个,也可接名词复数,特指其它某些人或物;any指三
10、者或三者以上当中的任意一个。 5)other意思是“其他的”,不能单独使用,后面必须接名词,表泛指;others可指其他的人或东西,相当于other+名词复数;the others特指其他某些人或物,相当于the other+名词复数。 6)either指两者中的任意一个,表示肯定;neither表示否定,指两者都不;nor表示否定,指三者或三者以上都不。 neithernor的其它用法:neither一般只能作代词,而nor既可作代词又可作连词,连接两个否定意义的句子时,一般用nor,若用neither,则需在neither前加and。neithernor位于句首时,句子须部分倒装。 【考题
11、示例】Do you want tea or coffee? . I really dont mind. A. None B. Neither C. Either D. All 7)such指具体的人或事;so只能用在某些动词后面,指情况或内容。 such a+ adj + n, so +adj +a +n such +adj +n(pl或不可数名词) so +manymuchfewlittle +n(pf或不可数名词) 注意:但当little指个子小时,还是用such little +n。 8)every不能单独使用,必须与名词一起使用,强调全部、所有;each可单独使用,也可修饰名词,强调单
12、个的个体。9) all指三者或三者以上“所有,全部”,而both指“两者都”,常与and连用,成为bothand。10)对含有all,both,every,each等词的句子进行否定时,不管not位于什么地方,句子所表达的否定都为部分否定。【考题示例】Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer of them. A. other B. any C. none D. some 11)掌握一些有关不定代词的固定搭配,如:something like 稍微,有点像,大约nothing but 仅仅,只不过 for nothing 徒
13、劳,免费 something of the kind (或 sort)诸如此类的人(或事物)think oneself something自以为了不起,自命不凡如:He is something like his brother.他有点象他哥哥。All that preparation was for nothing because the visit was cancelled.因为访问取消了, 一切准备工作都白费了。六、another, (the) other(s), the rest代词意义及用法例句another泛指“另一个,有一个,再一个”,其复数形式是others泛指“别人或别的物
14、”,someothers. . .为其固定搭配,意思是:一些另一些。Please fetch another cup for me.the other特指两者中的另一个,常有onethe other(一个另一个)的搭配;其复数形式the others或“the other 复数名词”特指在某些人或物中,除去一部分后,“其余的”“剩下的”人或物。Both my uncles are abroad,one in Paris and the other in New York.another用于三者或三者以上中的任何一个,另一个。Some cleaned the blackboards, other
15、s mopped the floor. the rest可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词。而another, other, others, the other(s)只能代替可数名词。The cold weather will persist for the rest of the week.此外,还要注意下列固定用法:other than(除外), each other, one another(相互), one after another(一个接一个), “any other 单数名词”(别的/其他的任何一个),one way or another(以某种形式)等。【考题示例】I felt
16、 so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face _ day like that. A. other B. another C. the other D. others 七、 疑问代词的用法注意疑问词what与下列名词的搭配What is the population/ the distance/ the price/ the address/ the attitude/ the height/depth/width/length/size/weight ? 人口是多少/ 距离是多远/ 价格是多少/住在哪里
17、/态度怎样/高度/深度/宽度/长度/大小/重量是多少?八、it 的用法口诀速记:it 词小本事大, 人称代词包括它; 不明身份和性别,模糊指代就用它;距离日期和时间,天气环境全靠它;形宾形主惯用法,强调句型它当家。1)指代姓别不明的人Look at the baby.Isnt it lovely?2)指天气、时间、距离、自然现象、环境等。 Its twenty miles to the zoo.3)作形式主语或形式宾语代替不定式、动名词、名词性从句。 Its of great help to learn English well.I find it quite necessary to mak
18、e some changes.4) 特殊的形式宾语it。enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后接 if 从句或 when 从句,通常应先在动词后接 it 作形式宾语。如:I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.5)用于强调句中:It iswasthatwho。Its from the sun that we get light and heat.6)含it的常见短语:make it 达到预定目标, 及时抵达, 走完路程,take it ea
19、sy 别着急,放心好了believe it or not信不信由你forget it.没关系;别在意;算了吧go it赶快干;加把劲get it明白了Thats it.(口语)完了;没有了(表示某个情况已经结束);做得对as it is 事实上,实际情况是;照原样如:Its hard to make it to the top in show business.Shall we meet next week? OK. We just make it next Saturday.Leave the table as it is.You can have one more cookie and t
20、hen thats it.你可以再吃一块,吃完就没有了。7) it构成的句型it用作形式主语或宾语,代替真正主语(或宾语)从句、不定式或动名词。常见的用it作形式主语的常见句型有:(1) It +be+adj./n. (for sb.) to do sth.It+be+adj. +of sb.to do sth.It+be+ adj./n. doing sth.It+be+adj./n.+that-从句It+be+past participle(过去分词)+ that-从句We thought it strange that Mr. Smith did not come last night.
21、(it与that从句之间带有strange)昨晚史密斯先生没有来我们觉得很奇怪。He thinks it his duty to help others.他认为帮助别人是他的职责。It is impossible for him to finish the work within two hours.要他在两个小时之内完成这项工作是不可能的。注意事项theres+n.+that-从句的比较(名词no way, possibility用theres开头)Was there no way to prevent it?没有办法避免吗?Where ignorance is our master, th
22、ere is no possibility of real peace.当无知主宰我们时,决不可能有真正的和平。(2) It seems/appears/happens/occurs+that-从句It seems/looks as ifIt is up to sb. to do sth.It depends on it thatIt depends on it that they will support you.(on一般不直接跟that从句,故使用it作宾语)你不可以指望他们支持你。It is up to you to get to school on time.准时到校得靠你自己。(3
23、) It takes sb. some time to do sth.It takes half an hour to go there on foot.(it指代的是to go there on foot)步行道那里用半个小时。(4)it is/wasthat/who强调句 it强调句中的用法:it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+剩余部分,它通常用来突出说话人强调的语言信息(不能强调动词),给对方以强烈的印象和感受。在本结构中,it无意义,但不能换成this, that等。注意事项(1)若原句时态时现在时或将来时,be则用is;若原句谓语动词为过去时,则be用was;若被强调部
24、分是“人”,也可用who/that,若是强调“物”,则只用that,不能用which.(5)几个表示时间的句型比较:It+is/has been +一段时间+since-从句。如:Its ages since we last met.自从上次见面到现在有很多年了。It+was/will be+一段时间+ before-从句(从句用一般过去时或一般现在时)It was not long before he left Nanjing.不久他就离开了南京。It+was+点时间+when从句(从句谓语用一般过去时)It was eight oclock/night when we arrived.我们
25、到时是八点/午夜。(6)it的特殊句型put it,publish it,see to it,depend on it,count on it等一般接that引导的从句;like it,dislike it,hate it,appreciate it等一般与if或when引导的从句连用。 You can count on it that he is a millionaire. 你可以相信他是个百万富翁。 I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 我不喜欢人们嘴里满是东西时说话。Ill appreciate it if you can
26、 help me. 如果你能帮助我,我将不胜感激。【考题示例】Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.A. that B. those C. it D. this 九、代词重难点透视1. 考查代词的指代一致问题 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词在人称、数和格方面与所指代的名词或代词要保持一致。【考题示例】(1)Youll find as you read this book
27、 that you just keep some of these stories to_. Youll want to share them with a friend. A. itself B. yourself C. himself D. themselves (2)Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are_. A. him and her B. his and hers C. his and her D. him and hers2 考查替代词及其复数形式的运用 替代词one(ones), the one(ones), th
28、at(those), it(they)是考试中非常活跃的词汇,高考常针对以下问题进行考查。(1)考查替代词的不同含义替代含义的不同 it特指的同一事物,既可代替可数名词,又可代替不可数名词。 one泛指的同类异物,只替代可数名词单数。 that特指的同类异物,既可指可数名词,又可代替不可数名词。(2)考查替代词的复数问题it的复数为they,替代可数的人或物. that 的复数为those,特指同类异物. one的复数为ones,泛指同类异物. those相当于the ones; that 相当the one,但在比较结构中多用 those 和that。【考题示例】 (1)I prefer a
29、 flat in Inverness to _ in Perth, because I want to live near my moms. A. one B. that C. it D. this (2)Im moving to the countryside because air there is much fresher than _in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those (3)Cars do cause us some health problems-in fact far more serious _ than mobile pho
30、nes do. A. one B. ones C. it D. those 3 考查不定代词及相关词的用法和区别考查不定代词all ,both, neither, none, any, either, every, each 的区别 考查不定代词somebody/one, everybody/one, anybody/one , nobody/ no one 及 some/ every/ any/ nothing的区别考查不定代词在部分否定和全否结构中的区别【考题示例】 (1)-One weeks time has been wasted. -I cant believe we did all
31、 that work for _. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. anything (2)I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, _ of them answered it. A. either B. none C. neither D. nobody (3)Of all the books on the desk, _ is of any use for our study. A. nothing B. no one C. neither D. none4. 考查疑
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