高二下学期期末考前测试英语试题.docx

1、高二下学期期末考前测试英语试题高二期末考前测试英语试卷第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节：（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。APlastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)， and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans

2、. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 1

3、00 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied i

4、t to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13%of their mass-apparently broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday food-beeswax

5、-also allows them to break down plastic. Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, she explains. The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. Jennifer Debruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not in

6、volved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm

7、 itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)？ Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process-not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. ”21. What

8、 can we learn about the worms in the study？A. They take plastics as their everyday food. B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.22. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to_.A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find

9、out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed23. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might.A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceansD. be produced in factories in future24. What is the main pur

10、pose of the passage？A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance. BWhile famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new

11、 CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize which is often referred to as

12、the Nobel Prize in architecture on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings o

13、n the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a u

14、nique view.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).Wan

15、gs works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize. Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. Th

16、at is only evidence that traditions once existed, he said. Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created, he said. Today, many Chi

17、nese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are, said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artifi

18、cial and empty, he said.25. Wangs winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are _.A. following the latest world trendB. getting international recognitionC. working harder than ever beforeD. relying on foreign architects26. What made Wangs architectural design a success？A. The mixture of dif

19、ferent shapes.B. The balance of East and West.C. The use of popular techniques.D. The harmony of old and new.27. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang？A. Spread them to the world.B. Preserve them at museums.C. Teach them in universities.D. Recreate them in practice. CLanguages

20、 have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts bel

21、ieve that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade,

22、 industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasin

23、gly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around

24、 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well

25、over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon （eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark

26、): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A. They developed very fast.B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patterns.D. They were closely connected.29. Which of the following best explains dominant underlined in p

27、aragraph 2？A. complex. B. advanced. C. powerful. D. modern.30. What is the main idea of the text？A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，

28、从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 31One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 32 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强)

29、 connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 33Now w

30、e have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 34. The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when w

31、e miss a nights sleep , we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapse

32、s seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 35 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.B. Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E. Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F