英语考前知识清理原文.docx

1、英语考前知识清理原文英语考前知识清理 名词从句040506070809101112xWhat do you expect she has gotxwhatwhatwhatxWhoever解题方法：看横线后的动词缺什么成分，一般选what比较多1. 缺主语 what, who, which 2. 缺宾语 what, whom, which 3. 缺表语 除that, if, whether 外4. 主谓宾表都有 先that 再if, whether 后when, where, why, how 5. 注意 (疑问词+ever)要点:1.分四个从句：主语（动词前），宾语（动词/介词后），表语（be

2、动词后），同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，由连词that引导，不担任成分，也可有when, how, where等引导。常用的名词如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought,question, order, fear, doubt, word, proof， belief, story等。3.It作形式主语/宾语的情况： its important/obvious/necessarythat. its a fact/pity.that. its said/reportedthat. it appears/seemsthat.4.that不能省略的情况 主语从句放句

3、首 and连接的第二个宾语从句 the reason why/that/which is/was that 5.if 和whether的区别：whether的用法较多 whether to do whether or/or not 介词/discuss后+whether 主语从句，表语从句中6.no matter引引导状语从句，wh-ever的引导名词从句和状语从句7.尤其要注意句子中有插入语的情况：I believe/think定语从句040506070809101112xwherewhosewhereabove whichwherewherewhichas解题方法: 先找先行词(注意含插入

4、语情况) 再看先行词的范围 后分析句子所缺成分1. 缺主语 that(范围人,物,时间,地点,原因), which(范围人,物,时间,地点,原因), as(与the same, such连用), who(范围人)2. 缺宾语that, which, whom 3. 缺定语whose+名词=the+名词+of which(物)/whom（人） 4. 主谓宾表都有 when, where, why,介词+which5. 先行词本身的意思所指代的范围that (指人,物,时间,地点,原因) , which(范围指人,物,时间,地点,原因,一件事), as(一般与the same, such连用) w

5、ho(范围人) , whom(指人), whose(指人,物)when(指时间), where(指地点), why(指原因), 介词+which(指时间,地点,原因)要点:1. 概念:放在名词后面的从句，有限制和非限制之分，非限制就是有逗号的。解题一定要找到横线前面真正的名词，因为有时候名词和从句间有插入语。找到名词后弄清名词是指人，还是物，是时间，还是地点，还是指一整句话。注意选项里面的词就等于你找到的那个名词，最后看横线后缺的是主语，还是宾语，还是状语.2. 定语从句不选what，how，if，whether，it . 逗号后和介词不选that，that作宾语可省3. which和as也可

6、指一件事情，但是放在非限制从句有逗号分开的；(such/the same 后常用as，which不放句首). 如果逗号后有and或逗号变成了分号，那么就选 it或them等代词了。4. 尤其注意当先行词是时间，地点的情况 除了选when，where外,还有介词+which, that, which 主要是看句子中缺的是主语，宾语还是状语，相当重要I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichThis is the house where I was born.可用in which5. 定语从句的主谓一致，与先行词的单复数一致。

7、One of +名词复数 谓语动词用单数 One of+名词复数的定语从句用复数， the only one of+名词复数的定语从句用单数6. 介词+which的介词怎么选：一看介词本身意思(of有所属关系)，二看短语的固定搭配7. Is this 开头的定语从句，Is this后面没有the，则选the one，有the则选关系词8. 限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况 当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little,some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some,

8、 no, little, few, much等修饰时 当先行词被序数词修饰，被形容词最高级修饰时，被the very, the only 修饰时 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 ，当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时9. the way 后加in which或者that或者不用引导词。 先行词是situation，position，case，business，point 且在从句中缺状语时用where. 10.一般选where比较多类 别区 别例 句定语从句与并列句定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语

9、从句的关系词了。Mr Li has three daughters，none of _ is an engineer Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a dancer从结构上看，小题是定语从句，故填whom；小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词 them。定语从句与状语从句定语从句的前面有名词作先行词，而状语从句没有先行词。This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为the place）Lets go where we c

10、an find a better job. 我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句）定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词，只能放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主句的前面。Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句）It was already five oclock when the class was over.=When the class was over, it was already five oclock. 当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句）When, where和why

11、在引导定语从句时可以用“介词which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时却不行。This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked. 这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句）Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处。（状语从句）定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它则从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此

12、有趣的书。（as用作动词like的宾语，它引导的是定语从句）It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。（that不充当句子成分，故它引导的是结果状语从句）定语从句与同位语从句定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容,与先行词之间是同位关系。The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very hap

13、py. 她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。（同位语从句）此句中的同位语从句 The news that she had passed the exam 可以改写成表语从句：The news is that he passed the exam. The news that he told us interested all of us.他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。（定语从句）The news that he told us 是定语从句，此句不能改写为：The news is that he toldus.定语从句与强调句强调句的结构为“It iswas被强调部分that从句”。被强调部分可

14、以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替 that。It is on the morning of May 1st _ I met Liang Wei at the airport It is the factory _ Mr Wang works从结构上看：小题是强调句，故填 that。小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知the factory前差个介词in，故填 where。状语从句040506070809101112beforewhenbeforeoncewhenwhenbef

15、orewhenUnless1.状语从句中主谓宾表等成分不会缺少, 只缺一个做状语的连词连接句子.记住连词的意思就OK.2.常见连词意思When就在当时/在那时, 既然, 当时候. when的句式如下:(be about to do sth when /be doing sth when /on the point of doing sth when /had done sth when sb did sth)While 表示对比，然而,尽管 Before 在。之前, 未等到, 过多久才, 趁 before的句式如下:It will be +段时间+before+sb do sth 没多久就 I

16、t was +段时间+before+sb did sth by the time 到。为止 （与过去完成时、将来完成时连用）as soon as,= the moment,=the minute,=immediately=directly, instantly 一。就 hardly/scarcely had sb done sth when sb did sth = no sooner had sb done sth than sb did stheg. 1) Scarcely /hardly had he gone when she appeared.他一走她就出现了。2) Hardly h

17、ad we arrived when she started complaining我们刚到，她就开始抱怨起来。2. now that既然 Since的句式: It is/has been +段时间+since sb did sth It was +段时间+since sb had done sth3. unless,除非 once一旦 in case以防，万一 as long as=so long as 只要on condition that 条件是，假如 suppose/supposing that 假如 provided/providing that假如seeing that考虑到 gr

18、anting that 即使 saving that 除了，除非 assuming that 假使 admitting that 虽说，即使 presuming that 假使considering that考虑到4. so that以便，为的是 in order to=so as to为了 as if=as though 好像 in order that=so that为了 for fear that=lest以免，唯恐5. sothat, 如此。以至于 suchthat 如此。以至于 so +形/副+that so+形/副+a/an+可数单数名词+that such+名词+that suc

19、h+a/an+形/副+可数单数名词+that so+many/much/few/Little+名词+that such+名词复数/不可数名词+that such+lots of/a lot of+名词+that6.though, although,虽然（不与but连用，但可与still、yet连用） though 还可单独使用，放在句子末尾。然而，可是 even if=even though 即使，尽管 动/名/形/副+as/though+主+谓 尽管。no matter what= whatever, no matter who=whoever, no matter which=whiche

20、ver, no matter when=whenever no matter where=wherever no matter how+形/副词=however+形/副词非谓语动词040506070809101112to be toldpassingto getofferedblamedfillingimprovedhaving waitedseatedreminded,markingsendingstuckfoundedto holdbeing attackedrealizing1. 选项中出现 以下形式的题是考非谓语的题 (考作状语,定语和宾补的比较多)to do， to be doing

21、 ，to be done，to have done ，to have been donedoing， being done ，having done， having been done ，过去分词done2. 解题： 注意主语或横线前面的名词 ,前后两句话的主语是一样的 主语/名词与选项是主动还是被动关系 (注意主动表被动的情况) 选项的动词与横线后的动词的时间关系 有先后就要用非谓语的完成形式3. to do 三层意思 ：表目的，为了 表将来 表意外的结果 only to do doing 的意思 : 表动作正在进行 表伴随关系,自然而然的结果 done 表被动和完成的意思只接不定式做宾语的

22、动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist两者都可以feel like, succeed in, be fond

23、 of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to意义基本相同两者都可以意义相反begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行

24、为）need, want, require（主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义不同stop to do 停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do（指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）go on to do（接着做另外一件事）go on doing（接着做同一件事）try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力）try doing（试试去做，看有何结果）mean to do（打算做，企图做）me

25、an doing （意思是，意味着）4.形容词最高级，序数词后+to do ， Eg. 1) He was the first runner to pass the finishing line. 他是第一个冲过终点线的赛跑者。2) She is the youngest swimmer to swim across the channel.她是游过那个海峡的最年轻的游泳者 表语形容词后用to do 主动表被动difficult, easy, hard, interesting, pleasant, nice, bitter, fit, dangerous, light, heavy, imp

26、ortant等)eg. 1) The picture is pleasant to look at. 2) The sentence is not easy to understand. 3) The street was difficult to find on the map. sb/sth be said/reportedto do/to be doing/to be done/to have done/to have been done5need/require/want +doing=+to be doneThe washing-machine needs repairing.（或用

27、：needs to be repaired）这台洗衣机需要修理。 The point wants referring to. 这一点要提到。 This English novel is worth reading. 这本英文小说值得一读。 The situation in Russian required studying. 俄国形式需要研究。6. 动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如： He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 7. 有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定

28、式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如： I saw him cross the road. He was seen to cross the road.8.形容词性物主代词/人称代词宾格、所有格+doing 独立主格结构，前后两句话主语不一样时，在非谓语动词前加自己的主语Eg. 1)The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。2)Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beac

29、h tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。9. 现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分generally speaking一般说来；frankly speaking坦白地说；judging from/by.根据来判断；considering./taking.into consideration考虑到；to tell you the truth说实话；seeing.考虑到；supposing假设，如果；providing如果；given考虑到，鉴于；provided that如果10、常用不定式做主语的句型有： （1）Its difficult (importa

30、nt, necessary) for sb. to do （2）Its kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do. 3、常用动名词做主语的句型有： Its no good (use, fun) doing. Its (a) waste of time ones doing. Its worth while doing.11 .固定搭配 have sb do/doing sth have sth to do/done get sb to do , get sth done, leave sb doing sth, with sth done, be faced with, compared to/with be lost in , be dressed in, given, judging by/from to begin with to be honest/exact generally speaking时态语态