计算机英语课后习题答案.docx

1、计算机英语课后习题答案Unit One/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2. input; output3. VLSI4. workstations; mainframes5. vacuum; transistors6. instructions; software7. digit; eight; byte8. microminiaturization; chipII. Translate the followin

2、g terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3. optical computer 光计算机4. neural network 神经网络5. instruction set 指令集6. parallel processing 并行处理7. difference engine 差分机8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件9. silicon substrate 硅衬底10. v

3、acuum tube 真空管11. 数据的存储与处理 the storage and handling of data12. 超大规模集成电路 very large-scale integrated circuit13. 中央处理器 central processing unit14. 个人计算机 personal computer15. 模拟计算机 analogue computer16. 数字计算机 digital computer17. 通用计算机 general-purpose computer18. 处理器芯片 processor chip19. 操作指令 operating ins

4、tructions20. 输入设备 input deviceIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, makingchanges if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, andproduces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are eit

5、her analog or digital.They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers.All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides someindication of the computers speed, size, cost, and abilities.Ever since the advent of computers

6、, there have been constant changes. First-generationcomputers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in theearly 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in theearly 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-genera

7、tioncomputers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generationcomputers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scaleintegration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generationcomputers are expected to

8、combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approachesto computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的改进将使计算机的操作 更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他

9、的奇异计算模型，包括使 用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存储数据和执行操作 的计算。这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化 受到物理限制。还有一些限制与甚至最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。Unit Two/Section AI Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. input; output; storage2. Basic Input/Output Syste

10、m3. flatbed scanners; hand-held scanners4. LCD-based5. dot-matrix printers; inkjet printers6. disk drives; memory7. volatile8. serial; parallelII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. function key 功能键，操作键2. voice recognition module 语音识别模块3. touch-sensi

11、tive region 触敏区4. address bus 地址总线5. flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪6. dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机）7. parallel connection 并行连接8. cathode ray tube 阴极射线管9. video game 电子游戏10. audio signal 音频信号11. 操作系统 operating system12. 液晶显示（器） LCD (liquid crystal display)13. 喷墨打印机 inkjet printer14. 数据总线 data bus15. 串行连接 se

12、rial connection16. 易失性存储器 volatile memory17. 激光打印机 laser printer18. 磁盘驱动器 disk drive19. 基本输入/输出系统 BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)20. 视频显示器 video displayIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, makingchanges if necessary:CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-o

13、nly memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks,which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical discs use reflected light. On aCD-ROM disc, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy (高低不平的) areas (called“pits”) on its bottom surface. The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tin

14、y beam oflight on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1or a 0.Like a commercial CD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a “read-only” disc.Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user haveaccess only to the data impr

15、inted (压印) by the publisher.A single CD-ROM disc can store 650 megabytes (兆字节) of data. That is equivalent to451 floppy disks. With that much information on a single disc, the time to retrieve or accessthe information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is theiraccess rat

16、e.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:调制解调器是在 模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备。计算机使用的是数字信号，这种信号由离散单元组成，通常用一系列1和0表示。模拟信号是连续变化的；声 波就是模拟信号的一个例子。调制解调器经常用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通信。调制解调器将发送端计算机的数字信号转 换成可通过电话线传输的模拟信号。信号到达目的地后，另外一个调制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。如果两个调制 解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调

17、器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方 式。Unit Three/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. artificial; instructions2. low-level; high-level3. machine4. machine5. functional; logic6. statement7. module8. digitalII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese

18、and vice versa:1. storage register 存储寄存器2. function statement 函数语句3. program statement 程序语句4. object-oriented language 面向对象语言5. assembly language 汇编语言6. intermediate language 中间语言，中级语言7. relational language 关系（型）语言8. artificial language 人工语言9. data declaration 数据声明10. SQL 结构化查询语言11. 可执行程序 executable

19、 program12. 程序模块 program module13. 条件语句 conditional statement14. 赋值语句 assignment statement15. 逻辑语言 logic language16. 机器语言 machine language17. 函数式语言 functional language18. 程序设计语言 programming language19. 运行计算机程序 run a computer program20. 计算机程序员 computer programmerIII. Fill in each of the blanks with o

20、ne of the words given in the following list, makingchanges if necessary:A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It letsthe programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard tomachine-specific details.The difficulty of writing programs in

21、 the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to thedevelopment of assembly language, which allows programmers to use mnemonics (助记符)for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then translated by a programknown as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer. Other pie

22、ces of systemsoftware known as linking loaders (连接装入程序) combine pieces of assembled code andload them into the machines main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution. Theconcept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraries” ofprograms to be built up to ca

23、rry out common tasksa first step toward the increasinglyemphasized notion of software reuse. Assembly language was found to be sufficientlyinconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them came the need fo

24、r compilers, programsthat translate high-level language programs into machine code. As programming languagesbecame more powerful and abstract, building efficient compilers that create high-quality codein terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer scienceproblem i

25、n itself.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:面向对象程序设计语言，如C+和Java，基于传统的高级语言， 但它们使程序设计员能够从合作对象集而非命令列表的角度进行思考。诸如圆之类的对象具有像圆的半径一类的属性，以及在计算机 屏幕上绘制该对象的命令。一个对象类可以从其他的对象类继承特征。例如，定义正方形的类可以从定义长方形的类那里继承直角等特征。这一套程 序设计类简化了程序设计员的工作，带来了更多“可复用的”计算机代码。可复用代码使程序设计员可以使用已经设计、编写和测试的代码。这使得 程序设计员的工

26、作变得比较容易，并带来更加可靠和高效的程序。Unit Four/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. application; operating2. assemblers3. compiler4. interpreter5. debugger6. loop7. device driver8. John von NeumannII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice ve

27、rsa:1. inference engine 推理机2. system call 系统调用3. compiled language 编译执行的语言4. parallel computing 并行计算5. pattern matching 模式匹配6. memory location 存储单元7. interpreter program 解释程序8. library routine 库程序，程序库例行程序9. intermediate program 中间程序，过渡程序10. source file 源文件11. 解释执行的语言 interpreted language12. 设备驱动程序 d

28、evice driver13. 源程序 source program14. 调试程序 debugging program15. 目标代码 object code16. 应用程序 application program17. 实用程序 utility program18. 逻辑程序 logic program19. 墨盒 ink cartridge20. 程序的存储与执行 program storage and executionIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, m

29、akingchanges if necessary:A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code intoobject code. Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languagesthat people can understand. Computers cannot directly execute source code, but need acompiler to tr

30、anslate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code.Compilers collect and reorganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of sourcecode to produce object code. Object code is often the same as or similar to a computersmachine code. If the object code is the same as the

31、machine language, the computer can runthe program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is notin machine language, other programssuch as assemblers, binders (联编程序), linkers, andloaders (加载程序)finish the translation.Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types ofcomputers or operating systems, so one language may have different compilers for personalcomputers (PC) and Apple Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers often produceversions of the same programming language, so com