公共英语四级考试试题及答案解析七 2.docx

1、公共英语四级考试试题及答案解析七 2公共英语四级考试试题及答案解析(七)一、Reading Comprehension（共20小题,共20.0分）Read the following three textsAnswer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D 第1题 Inflation has just exploded. The real problem is that we have an underlying rate of inflation an impetus of wages chasing pricesof may

2、be 9 percent that is heading towards 10 percent. There also have been tremendous shocks in energy, food and housing prices, making it worse.By the end of the year, we will be in a situation where year in, year out, we can look forward to at least 10 percent inflation. And the question will be: How m

3、uch worse will oil, food and housing prices make that?The situation has degenerated to the point that the only way to turn it around is to think of some very extreme changes in policy. A policy of gradualism, where youre talking about a mild recession and another 1 to 2 million people unemployed, wo

4、nt make much difference. Postponing action just means that inflation presses further and is even more difficult to deal with.You have to start with revenue and monetary restraint. All the burden now is on monetary policy. We should shift to a much more restrictive revenue policy and an easier moneta

5、ry policy. To be significant, the 1981 budget should be cut by at least 20 billion dollars from 616 billion President Carter proposed. Thats a major cut in government programs and very hard to do. Its impossible if you save defense and all the programs indexed for changes in the cost of living.So it

6、 means cuts across the board in every area including the indexed programs, such as Social Security and food stamps. State and local-government revenue-sharing programs are another major candidate. Youve also got to reopen the 1980 budget and cut that.Then I would favor wage and price controls to bre

7、ak the impetus of the wage-price interaction. In order to get quick results, Id set the standard around 5 or 6 percent for both wages and prices. Basically, youre aiming to cut the rate of inflation in half the first year. There would be no exceptions, but you would focus on large corporations and m

8、ajor labor settlements.For the special sectors where the big shocks have occurred, controls wont work. Instead, you need additional policies in each one of those areas.There are no cheap or easy solutions to the inflation problem. My answer is to take all the things that everybody wants to do, and i

9、nstead of choosing among them, do all of them. Weve got to think in terms of a comprehensive program.In the authors opinion, the high inflation rate in the US was accompanied by_.A energy crisesB mounting wagesC housing shortageD shrinking market【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】分析推理题。本题推断的依据是第一段第二句： .an imp

10、etus of wages chasing prices(一种工资追赶物价的动力)以及第六段第一句：Then I Would favor wage and price controls(那么我更赞成控制工资和物价)。作者认为，随着物价上涨，工资也不断上涨，工资追赶着物价是通货膨胀的动力，这正是作者在后文中建议控制工资的原因。所以，作者的意思不言而喻：高通胀伴随着不断增长的工资(mounting wages)而来，故本题选B。有许多考生依据第一段最后一句误选了其他选项，其实只要仔细将其他选项与该句进行对照，就不难发现它们都是不符合原文的。第2题 The only way to reverse t

11、he worsening situation seems to be _.A a policy of gradualismB sacrifice of public interestsC radical changes of policyD postponing of drastic actions【正确答案】：C【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】细节题。对应的信息位于第三段第一句：.is to think of some very extreme changes in policy(在政策方面想出一些很极端的改变)。其中的extreme 相当于C项中的radical(激进的)。一部分考生误选

12、了A项，但原文中指出：A policy of gradualismwont make any difference(按部就班的政策不会有任何意义)，实际上是否定了这一政策。D项也是如此，在第三段最后一句中加以了否定。至于B项，在原文中没有体现。第3题 We can learn from the fourth paragraph that_.A a substantial cut in annual revenue is called forB defense and social welfare programs should undergo cutsC we should leave int

13、act programs for bettering peoples livingD we should exercise less control over monetary policy【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】分析推理题。首先，该段第三句明确指出：We should shift to a much more restrictive revenue policy.(我们应当转向一种更为严格的税收政策)；其次，该段后文又进一步说明应当削减政府预算，并且指出如果国防开支、与改善生活成本挂钩的其他项目都不做变化的话，减少预算是不可能做到的。由此可以看出，作者所说的a mu

14、ch more restrictive revenue policy指的就是减少年度税收，因此本题选A。其余三项中，B项与该段最后一句的意思相反；C项在该段中没有提及；D项中exercise less control over属于对该段第三句中的easier(宽松的，放宽的)一词的曲解，且与第一句中的start with revenue and monetary restraint(首先约束税收和货币)明显相反。第4题 The phrase special sectors(Line 1, Para. 7 ) most probably refers to _.A energy, food an

15、d housingB indexed programsC social security and food stampsD large corporations and labor settlements【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】词句理解题。本题比较特殊，因为前后文中并没有出现与special sectors相对或相关的其他说明，因此初看上去，这一词组的出现比较突兀。但是，仔细研读题目所在句后，我们发现这个词组后有一个定语从句对其进行了限定：.where the big shocks have occurred，这与第一段最后一句中指出的There also have

16、been tremendous shocks in energy，food and housing prices一处正好对应，故special sectors无疑就是指energy, food and housing这些部门，即本题答案是A。第5题 What is the text mainly about?A The defect of US monetary system.B The causes of ever-worsening inflation in the US.C Prospects for the US economic situation.D A comprehensive

17、 settlement of inflation in the US.【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章先指出(美国)通货膨胀率激增的现状，然后分析了原因，而在短文后半部分提出了解决这一问题的方案，且短文最后一句又强调指出：Weve got to think in terms of a comprehensive program(我们得考虑一种全面的解决之道)，所以文章的主旨当然是如何全面解决美国的通货膨胀问题，即答案是D。其余三项都只是短文的部分内容，不是作者的写作重点和短文主旨。第6题 The universities have trained

18、 the intellectual pioneers of our civilization the priests, the lawyers, the statesmen, the doctors, the men of science, and the men of letters. The conduct of business now requires intellectual imagination of the same type as that which in former times has mainly passed into those other occupations

19、.There is one great difficulty which hinders all the higher types of human effort. In modern times, this difficulty has even increased in its possibilities for evil. In any large organization the younger men, who are novices, must be set to jobs which consist in carrying out fixed duties in obedienc

20、e to orders. No president of a large corporation meets his youngest employee at his office door with the offer of the most responsible job which the work of that corporation includes. The young men are set to work at a fixed routine, and only occasionally even see the president as he passes in and o

21、ut of the building. Such work is a great discipline. It imparts knowledge, and it produces reliability of character; also it is the only work for which the young men, in that novice stage, are fit, and it is the work for which they are hired. There can be no criticism of the custom, but there may be

22、 an unfortunate effect: prolonged routine work dulls the imagination.The way in which a university should function in the preparation for an intellectual career, is by promoting the imaginative consideration of the various general principles underlying that career. Its students thus pass into their

23、period of technical apprenticeship with their imaginations already practiced in connecting details with general principles.Thus the proper function of a university is the imaginative acquisition of knowledge. Apart from this importance of the imagination, there is no reason why businessmen, and othe

24、r professional men, should not pick up their facts bit by bit as they want them for particular occasions. A university is imaginative or it is nothing at least nothing useful.What is a basic requirement for work in all professions according to the passage?A Imagination.B Reliability of character.C D

25、iscipline.D Obedience to orders.【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】细节题。答案对应于第一段最后一句：The conduct of business now requires intellectual imaginationother occupations，即与以前的其他职业一样，如今任何工作都需要有知识性的想像力，故选A。第7题 Which of the following serves best as the title of the passage?A Limitations of the University.B The Proper F

26、unction of the University.C Importance of Intellectual Imagination.D Foolery of Apprenticeship Period.【正确答案】：B【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】主旨题。文章首先提出如今任何工作都需要有知识性的想像力的观点，然后指出现代社会对年轻人就业的一些传统规定限制了这种想像力的发展和发挥，最后指出针对这一问题，大学在培养学生过程中的正确作用。因此，文章的重点落在大学培养年轻人的作用上，最合适的标题应选B。其余三项都只是文中的部分内容或者词句。第8题 In modern times the peri

27、od of technical apprenticeship_.A may have bad effects upon the young menB can very well train the young menC is a root cause of many evilsD is unnecessary for the employees and the business【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】分析推理题。文章第二段首先指出阻碍人们做出更大努力的一个难题，然后以现代社会对于年轻人就业时有漫长的“学徒期”这一现象进行了说明和分析，最后得出结论：prolonged

28、routine work dulls the imagination。因此作者认为学徒期对于年轻人的想像力是有不良作用的，选A。第9题 If a university is to be of any use, it should prepare the students for an intellectual career by_.A imparting knowledge and developing skillsB developing students independence in thinkingC disciplining the students in their subject

29、 fieldsD promoting the imagination in connecting details with general principles【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】细节题。答案信息对应于第三段第一句：The wayunderlying that career，这是作者所赞同的、认为大学应当起的作用。第10题 What does the great difficulty which hinders all the higher types of human effort mean?A Prolonged and fixed routine work

30、in the apprenticeship period.B The young employees seldom seeing the president of the company.C Universities failure to get young people ready for future work.D Young men having to obey orders in the early stage of their work.【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】句意推测题。参见第48题分析。作者在提出“阻碍人们做出更大努力的一个难题”之后，分析的是漫长的“学

31、徒期”对于年轻人想像力的不良影响，并且得出的结论也是如此，因此“难题”指的就是这种不良的传统。第11题 Jill Ker Conway, president of Smith, echoes the prevailing view of contemporary technology when she says that anyone in todays world who doesnt understand data processing is not educated. But she insists that the increasing emphasis on these matter

32、s leave certain gaps. Says she: The very strongly utilitarian emphasis in education, which is an effect of man-made satellites and the cold war, has really removed from this culture something that was very profound in its 18th and 19th century roots, which was a sense that literacy and learning were ends in themselves for a democratic republic. In con