校本教材仁爱版初中英语七年级阅读理解的办法路径.docx

1、校本教材仁爱版初中英语七年级阅读理解的办法路径校本教材：仁爱版初中英语七年级阅读理解的办法路径七年级英语阅读理解比较简单些，主要是掌握好“五选五”题型的解法就能顺利拿下七年级阅读理解。七年级英语阅读理解题主要特点有：a .一篇文章挖出五个句子，阅读后，将五个句子分别填入文中空缺处，使内容完整、正确。b. 这类题目主要考查考生对文章框架结构和对语篇逻辑关系把握的能力，具体包括理解全篇主旨大意，识别主题句，以及句与句之间、段落与段落之间的逻辑关系。对于福建省的初中学生来说，阅读理解特别是E篇的五选五有一定的难度。那么如何才能攻克这一难关呢？其实，阅读理解题五选五注重考查的是学生的词汇认知、语法句型

2、和逻辑分析推理等能力，对学生的要求较高，要想让学生做好这些题，除了增加其阅读量、加强他们的实践训练外，还必须传授其相关解题技巧。主要是强调学生应具有文章分析和逻辑判断的能力。这一能力的掌握绝非易事，需要长期加以训练方能具备，而且，学生要想做好中考英语阅读理解题五选五还必须掌握相关技巧一、带着选项泛读全文在做中考阅读五选五的题目时，应首先将目光放到选项上，而不是直接进入阅读文章的环节。通读选项时，应尽力弄懂各个选项的意思，必要的话可用笔勾画出重要的信息，包括句中的核心名词或名词词组、动词、专有名词、代词、连词、时间词或一些具有比较含义的词。但有一点需注意的是，要把握好时间，如果遇到选项中有自己不

3、熟悉的词汇，切勿浪费时间去苦思冥想，更不要任意猜测，因为大多数时候我们不需要知道每个选项中每个单词的具体意思也能将答案选出来。接下来便是阅读文章的环节。第一遍阅读时，不要求学生完全一词一句地通读，而是要泛读，该行为旨在对全文的有个基础的把握，明白文章到底是在说些什么，重点是抓住文章结构及了解文章的写作内容。在泛读的过程中，尤其要注意文章的首尾两段，它们有助于帮助学生快速掌握文章的主题，即使它们中没有文章的主题句，也会对学生起到一定的提示作用。接着带着选项快速浏览文章各段，对选项中的关键词句要敏感，如果在文中看到了意思相近或相反的单词应特别标记出来，在读完全文后，把选项再读一遍，结合文中和选项中

4、标记的重要词汇看是否能够选出某些选项放到文中的空白处。二、 详读短文，精准定位泛读结束后，便是精读环节。这一环节要求学生的注意力高度集中，详细阅读每一段落。重点是带着选项去阅读文章中五个空白处的前后句，标记泛读时漏掉的关键词，这将成为解题的重要线索。在标记关键词时，如果遇到和选项中的关键词相匹配的情况，就可以将选项放到空白处阅读，必须注意的是，有的学生看到空格处前后句中有选项里出现的关键词，便立刻将答案确定下来，这未免太过武断。以2017年福建省中考阅读五选五的第70题为例，它出现在文章的倒数第二段，该段的首句便出现了“technology”一词，这就容易导致学生误选了同样含有该词的E选项。这

5、也是学生缺乏逻辑推理和判断能力的表现。70题其实并不难，它蕴含的是一个因果关系，前文提到“technology often means we spend more time at home.with our computer or television.”和“Teenagers dont do enough exercise”便是原因，这些原因导致的结果就是E选项“So they arent as healthy as they were in the past.”这个例子揭示了这样一个道理：仅仅有关键词的重合是远远不够的，选项填入后还必须符合句子的意思、逻辑结构和语境，否则就不能将其确定为正

6、确的选项。三、 快速阅读，检查选项在选出各项后，千万不要急着去做下一题，而应趁着对文章的内容记忆较为清晰时重新将选项代入空白处快速阅读全文，以检查自己的选择正确与否。检查是学生做该题的最后一个步骤，也是最重要的一项内容。检查的内容包括语义是否通顺、篇章结构是否连贯、段落句子前后是否合乎逻辑等，据此我们就可以判断所选答案的准确性。需要注意的是，对有把握的题目只需通读一遍，稍做检查即可，切勿浪费过多时间。而对自己难以确定的题目尤其要引起重视，不能慌张无措，必须冷静下来，在脑海中回忆文章的大意，结合作者所要表达的中心思想反复阅读相关句子和段落，仔细推敲前后语句的逻辑结构，也要注意语义的通顺与否，力求

7、将选项最终确定下来。但在整个过程中，务必严格把握好時间，不能为了做出某一题浪费太多时间，一旦遇到自己始终难以确定的选项，必须敢于放弃，以便为其他还未做的题目争取足够时间。在实践中，笔者发现，学生们往往能在检查中发现自己的错误，所以为了提高做题的准确性，检查工作必须引起重视。四、 中考英语五选五与高考英语七选五的关系众所周知，类似于中考英语五选五的阅读理解题在全国英语高考卷中也是必考题型。所不同的是，高考的难度要大得多，它不仅文章的字数变多，单词的难度加大，对逻辑推理的考查也更加复杂严密，而且它要求学生从七个选项中选出五项来。以2017年的全国英语高考卷为例，其七选五的阅读题不再是以往的总分结构

8、式文章，也不是说明文而是夹叙夹议文，这就说明教师在训练学生时应注重选取多体裁的文章并应仔细分析不同体裁文章的篇章结构。对中考阅读理解五选五的训练亦是如此。2017年英语高考卷的第36题和第38题考了两个转折关系，第37题考查的是对句子的理解能力，第39题考的是代词的指代作用，最后一题则注重考查学生对文章主旨的领悟。很多考生在考完后表示题目有一定难度，其实高考英语的七选五并不难，通过运用上述几点技巧也完全可以做出来。在第一遍通读全文后，很容易就能得知文章主要讲的是作者对野营的态度从排斥到喜欢的转变，以此呼吁大家回归自然。接着通过详读全文、精准定位后基本上可以将前四题做出来。另外，只要考生真正读懂

9、了文章，了解了作者的写作意图，那么最后一题的正确选项也可以很快确定下来。最后的检查环节同样也是必不可少的。据此，可以发现中考英语的五选五和高考英语的七选五其实有着很多的共通之处，要想做好它们，关键是掌握好上述技巧。五、信息还原（“五选五”）一般有两种形式1）五个小题涉及的是完全不同的主题，这类题目相对容易，只要抓住每个小题的关键词，在选项中寻找相同的关键词即可；（2）五个小题涉及的是基本一样的主题，这类题目难度较大，在抓住每个小题的关键词的同时，还要细读题目，认真比较才能选出正确答案。做信息还原（“五选五”）题可以采用扫读法，即先了解题干包含的信息，然后针对性地对各个选项进行扫读或跳读，再将相

10、关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，排除干扰项，选出正确答案。六、阅读“五选五”对学生逻辑思维能力考查的关注点一）、上下文逻辑关系：1、并列：first, second, third., firstly, secondly, thirdly., first, next, then., in the first place, in the second place., for one thing, for another thing., to begin with2、转折与承接：however, still, though, yet, otherwise, luckily, on the cont

11、rary3、因果：so, therefore, as result4、递进：also, whats more, too, either, not only. but also.5、例证：for example, such as6、解释：in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, in other words, that is to say.语法关系）：照应手段，如the socksthem;平行手段, 如时态一致等。词汇方面：同义词或近义词、反义词；范畴词关系，如coloryellow, fruitorange等。最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整（共5小

12、题; 每小题1分, 满分5分） 一） Teenage life better now, or in the past? Does this situation sound familiar（熟悉）? You are complaining（抱怨）to your parents about something. Maybe your computer isnt powerful enough to play the latest games. _ 66 （逻辑关系：并列） Then you hear. When I was your age, there werent any computers

13、 or video games. And I didnt get a bike until I was sixteen. And it was second-hand. _ 67 （逻辑关系：递进） ” So, is it really true that life is better for teenagers now? It is certainly true that many teenagers have got more things nowadays. _ 68 （逻辑关系：因果）So parents have got more money to spend on each chi

14、ld. And many things are cheaper than they were when our parents were children. _ 69 （逻辑关系：解释）Forty years ago, no one could imagine a world with tiny computers and amazing smart-phones. And now these things are necessary we cant imagine living without them! However, technology often means we spend mo

15、re time at home. And often it is just us, with our computer or television. Teenagers dont do enough exercise. _ 70 （逻辑关系：因果） And, although young people still get on well with their friends, some people think teenagers today dont have so many social activities as they did in the past. What do you thi

16、nk? How is teenage life better these days? (答案：CABED）A. And it was too big for me.B. A typical family is smaller now.C. Or your friends bikes are better than yours!D. So they arent as healthy as they were in the past.E. Technology is probably the greatest change in our life. 二） A standard American h

17、igh school has several large buildings and enough space for about 1,500 students. Every student is given a locker (锁柜). When students arrive at the school, they first go straight to their lockers. _ 66 （逻辑关系：解释） American students usually take a yellow school bus or go to school on foot if they live

18、close enough. _ 67（逻辑关系：并列） When they turn 16 years of age, most take a free driving class at school for one term. If students get passing grades in the class and also pass their state drivers test, they can begin driving themselves to school. Each day, students take six or seven classes. _ 68 （逻辑关系

19、：解释） They can choose art, clothes making and other classes. In some schools students must take one or more of the classes: health education, physical education or foreign language studies. _ 69 （逻辑关系：因果） This is because each teacher has his own classroom. There is a five-minute break between classes

20、, to give the students the time to hurry to their next class. _ 70逻辑关系：承接） After school more than half of the students take part in after-school activities. These activities include sports and clubs, such as basketball, baseball, soccer, speech, school newspaper and so on. （答案：CBAED）A. They must tak

21、e science, math, English and social studies.B. Sometimes their parents drive them to school.C. There they put away or get their textbooks.D. The school day usually ends early in the afternoon.E. Students move to different classrooms for each subject. 三）GreenHome campaigners（发起者）really love the natur

22、al world. In fact, we love it so much that were determined（决心） to do our best to protect it. _ 66 （逻辑关系：转折） For that, we need money too. GreenHome can be strong only with the support from people like you. _ 67（逻辑关系：因果） . If the joy of walking through green forest, the excitement of climbing ancient

23、rocks, or even the simple pleasure of watching wildlife in the habitat （栖息地） really moves you, then share GreenHomes idea of the world. Please turn that idea into some support today. _ 68（逻辑关系：并列） . So take action right now! Even a very small amount, like $ 1 a month, will soon build up into a valua

24、ble contribution （贡献）to protecting the natural world we love so much. _ 69（逻辑关系：解释） . Well also use it to develop ways to deal with environmental problems. Think about it another way. If you want a future where you can continue to do the things you love in the great outdoors, you need to make sure y

25、ouve got a great outdoors to do them in. _ 70（逻辑关系：承接） . And this way is simple enough thats got to be worth $1 a month. 答案：BCEDAA. Giving GreenHome your support is one way you can do that.B. But determination alone will not protect the environment.C. Thats why were asking you to join us today.D. An

26、d we wont just use it to stop bad things.E. Everything we do costs money.四） 66 .This is an old English saying (谚语). It means that we should go to bed early at night and get up early in the morning. If we do, we shall be healthy. 67 .（逻辑关系：并列）Is this true? Maybe it is. The body must have enough sleep

27、. 68 .（逻辑关系：解释） If you go to bed late, you cant have enough sleep. Then you cant think carefully and you cant do your homework well. You will not be wise and you may not become wealthy! 69 . （逻辑关系：解释）This is not good for them. We should sleep at night when it is dark. The dark helps us sleep well. W

28、hen the daylight comes, we should get up. 70 . （逻辑关系：因果） If the body is not used, it will become weak. Exercise keeps it strong. A、We shall also be rich（富裕的）and clever.B、Some people go to bed late at night and get up late in the morning.C、This is the time for exercise.D、Early to bed and early to ris

29、e(早起) makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise（聪明的）.E、Children of your age need ten hours sleep every night.五） We should not use more water than we actually need. If we do, we will not have enough water in the future. _ 66 （逻辑关系：转折） It is not a difficult question to answer. If we remove more fresh wate

30、r than nature replaces, we have taken too much. Many cities run campaigns(运动)to get people to stop wasting water. They show them ways they can cut back on water use. _（逻辑关系：递进） 67 Whats more, they carry out programs that offer money to reduce water use. For example, they give people shower heads and

31、 toilets that use less water. _ （逻辑关系：并列）68 . Another threat (威胁) to our water supply is pollution. When our sources of fresh water get polluted, we can no longer use this water. This also endangers (危及) the animals that depend on the water. _ （逻辑关系：解释） 69 We can save lots of water by not letting ta

32、ps (水龙头 ) run while we brush our teeth or by turning off taps right after washing hands. By collecting cold water when were taking warm showers, we can also save water. _ 逻辑关系：因果） 70 In this way, we can make full use of water.答案：AECBD A. However, just how much is too much?B. There are several things we can do to save water.C. Finally, they make laws to control the use of