前言.docx

1、前言目标AIMSThe principal aim of this handbook is to present a detailed introduction to the main issues本手册的主要目的，是目前的主要问题的详细介绍influencing the dynamic behaviour of railway vehicles and a summary of the history and state of the影响铁路车辆的动态行为和国家的历史和总结art of the analytical and computer tools and techniques that

2、 are used in this field around the world.分析和计算机在这一领域中使用的工具和技术，在世界各地的艺术。The level of technical detail is intended to be sufficient to allow analysis of common practical技术细节的水平，目的是要足以让共同分析实际situations but references are made to other published material for those who need more detail in提述的情况，但其他已发表的那些需

3、要更详细的材料specific areas. 具体领域。The main readership will be engineers working in the railway industry worldwide主要读者将全球铁路行业的工作的工程师and researchers和研究人员本手册的主要目的，是目前的主要问题的详细介绍影响铁路车辆的动态行为和国家的历史和总结分析和计算机在这一领域中使用的工具和技术，在世界各地的艺术。技术细节的水平，目的是要足以让共同分析实际提述的情况，但其他已发表的那些需要更详细的材料具体领域。主要读者将全球铁路行业的工作的工程师和研究人员虽然铁路的最早的天（第

4、2章中所述）个人负责铁路设计的各个方面，为铁路的历史时期最汽车（或机车）已根据轨道控制的机械工程师，而一直被视为域的土木工程师。这对车辆的书的重点将往往坚决把它在机械领域，但事实上，近年来这个而人为的鸿沟工程师们一直在被迫考虑作为一个系统的铁路已缓解Although in the very earliest days of the railways (as described in Chapter 2) an individual wasresponsible for all aspects of the design of a railway, for most of the histori

5、cal period of railways thevehicles (or rolling stock) have been under the control of mechanical engineers whereas the trackhas been seen as the domain of civil engineers. The focus of this book being on the vehicles wouldtend to put it firmly in the mechanical domain,虽然铁路的最早的天（第2章中所述）个人负责铁路设计的各个方面，为

6、铁路的历史时期最汽车（或机车）已根据轨道控制的机械工程师，而一直被视为域的土木工程师。这对车辆的书的重点将往往在机械领域牢牢把，but in fact, in recent years this rather artificial dividehas been lessened as engineers have been forced to consider the railway as a system with thewheel rail interface at its centre. Increasing use of electrical and electronic compon

7、ents to power,control (or in some cases replace) the basic mechanical components has brought electrical,但事实上，近年来这个而人为的鸿沟工程师们一直在被迫考虑作为一个系统的铁路已缓解轮 - 在其中心的轨道界面。增加的电气和电子元件使用权力，控制（或在某些情况下取代）基本的机械部件带来了电气，electronic, mechatronic and control engineers into the teams. The development of equations thatreprese

8、nt the complex interactions between a vehicle and the track and of computers able toprovide fast solutions to these equations has relied upon the expertise of software engineers andeven mathematicians.电子，机电一体化和控制工程师到团队。方程的发展代表车辆和轨道之间和计算机能够复杂的相互作用提供快速的解决方案一直依靠这些方程后，软件工程师的专业知识和即使数学家。The topics covered

9、 in this handbook are the main areas which impact on the dynamic behaviourof railway vehicles. These include the analysis of the wheel rail interface, suspension andsuspension component design, simulation and testing of electrical and mechanical systems,interaction with the surrounding infrastructur

10、e, and noise generation. Some related areas, such asaerodynamics or crashworthiness, are not covered as they tend to use different techniques and toolsand have been extensively developed for road or air transport and are reported on elsewhere.在本手册中所涉及的主题是动态行为影响的主要领域铁路车辆。这些措施包括分析 - 轮轨接口，悬挂和悬挂组件的电气和机械

11、系统设计，仿真和测试，互动与周围的基础设施，以及噪音的产生。一些相关领域，如空气动力学或耐撞，不包括在内，因为他们往往使用不同的技术和工具公路或航空运输，并已广泛开展，并在其他地方报道。The handbook is international in scope and draws examples from around the world, but severalchapters have a more specific focus where a particular local limitation or need has led to thedevelopment of new te

12、chniques or tools. For instance, the chapter on longitudinal dynamics mainlyuses Australian examples as the issues related to longitudinal dynamics cause most problems inheavy haul lines such as those in Australia where very long trains are used to transport bulk freightwith extremely high axle load

13、s, sometimes on narrow gauge track.该手册是在国际范围内，吸引了来自世界各地的例子，但有几个章节有一个特定的地方限制或需要导致了一个更具体的重点发展新的技术或工具。例如，本章主要对纵向动力学使用纵向动力学相关的问题引起的大多数问题在澳大利亚的例子如在澳大利亚很长的列车是用来运输散装货物的重载线路极高轴重，有时窄轨的轨道上。Similarly, the issue of structure gauging largely uses the U.K. as a case study, because here the historic lines through

14、densepopulation centres have resulted in a very restricted loading gauge. The desire to run high-speedtrains in this situation has led to the use of highly developed techniques to permit full advantage ofthe loading gauge to be taken.同样，结构测量的问题主要是使用英国作为一个案例研究，因为这里通过密集的历史人口中心，导致在一个非常有限的装载限界。跑高速的愿望在这种

15、情况下，列车LED技术高度发达的使用，允许充分利用应采取的装载限界。The issue of standards has been a tricky one due to the vast number of different organisationswho set and control railway standards. It has not been possible to provide comprehensive guidancein this area but typical examples of the application of standards have been

16、 brought into thehandbook where appropriate. For example, AAR Chapter XI standards for derailment in the U.S.and UIC518 for limits on wheel rail forces in the E.U. are presented.标准的问题一直是棘手的，由于不同组织的大量设置和控制的铁路标准。它已不可能提供全面的指导在这方面典型的例子，但标准的应用已纳入手册在适当情况下。例如，第十一章AAR的标准出轨在美国轮的限制 - 在欧盟的铁路部队和UIC518。It should

17、 be stressed thatthese are intended only as illustrative examples of how the results of vehicle dynamic analyses canbe used, and those with responsibility for safety should check carefully what the relevant currentstandards are for their work.应该强调的是这些只是作为车辆动态分析的结果可以说明的例子被使用，安全责任者应仔细检查有关的电流标准是对他们的工作。

18、II. STRUCTURE OF THE HANDBOOK二。这本手册的结构The history of the field is presented by Alan Wickens in Chapter 2, from the earliest thoughts ofGeorge Stephenson about the dynamic behaviour of a wheelset through the development oftheoretical principles to the application of modern computing techniques. Profe

19、ssor Wickens wasone of the pioneers of these methods and, as director of research at British Rail Research, played akey role in the practical application of vehicle dynamics knowledge to high-speed freight andpassenger vehicles.第2章中，从最早的思想领域的历史，是阿兰威肯斯乔治Stephenson通过发展一个轮的动态行为应用现代计算技术的理论原则。教授威肯斯这些方法的先

20、驱之一，作为英国铁路公司研究的研究部主任，起到了在实际应用中，高速货运和车辆动力学知识的关键作用客运车辆。In Chapter 3, Anna Orlova and Yuri Boronenko outline and explain the basicstructure of the railway vehicle and the different types of running gear that are commonly used.Each of the relevant components is described and the advantages and disadvant

21、ages of the differenttypes explained.在第3章，安娜Orlova和Yuri Boronenko大纲和解释的基本铁路车辆的结构和不同类型的运行常用的齿轮。各相关组件的描述和不同的优势和劣势类型的解释。The key area of any study of railway vehicle behaviour is the contact between the wheels andthe rails. All the forces that support and guide the vehicle pass through this small contac

22、t patch, andan understanding of the nature of these forces is vital to any analysis of the general vehiclebehaviour. The equations that govern these forces are developed by Hugues Chollet and Jean-Bernard Ayasse in Chapter 4.铁路车辆的行为的任何研究的关键领域是车轮和之间的联系导轨上。所有的力量，支持和引导车辆通过，通过这个小接触补丁这些部队的性质的理解是至关重要的，一般车

23、辆的任何分析行为。Hugues Chollet和Jean -支配这些力量的方程伯纳德Ayasse在第4章。They include an analysis of the normal contact that governs the sizeand shape of the contact patch and the stresses in the wheel and rail and also the tangential problemwhere slippage or creep in the contact patch produces the creep forces which a

24、ccelerate, brake, andguide the vehicle. The specific area of tribology applied to the wheel rail contact is explained byUlf Olofson and Roger Lewis in Chapter 5.它们包括管大小的正常联系的分析和形状的接触面，并在车轮与钢轨的应力和切线问题其中延误或接触面的蠕变产生蠕变的力量，加速，制动和引导车辆。适用于特定领域的摩擦学轮 - 轨接触的解释是乌尔夫Olofson和罗杰刘易斯在第5章。The science of tribology is

25、not a new one but has onlyrecently been linked to vehicle dynamics to allow effective prediction of wheel and rail wear, andexamples of this from the Stockholm local railway network are presented.摩擦学的科学，是不是一个新的，但只有最近被链接到车辆的动力，使车轮和钢轨磨损的有效预测，并这方面的例子，从“斯德哥尔摩地方铁路网络。Although the main focus of railway veh

26、icle dynamics is traditionally on the vehicle, the trackis a key part of the system and in Chapter 6 Tore Dahlberg clearly explains the way that trackdynamics can be understood. The contribution of each of the main components that make up thetrack to its overall dynamic behaviour is also presented.

27、Chapter 7 covers the unique railwayproblem of gauging, where the movement of a railway vehicle means that it sweeps through a spacethat is larger than it would occupy if it moved in a perfectly straight or curved path.虽然铁路车辆动力学的主要焦点是传统上的车辆，轨道是一个系统的关键部分，并在第6章撕毁达尔伯格明确解释的方式，跟踪动态可以理解的。每个弥补的主要组成部分的贡献跟踪到其

28、整体的动态行为。第7章涵盖了独特的铁路问题的衡量，其中的铁路车辆的运动是指它通过空间扫描大于它会占用，如果它在一个完美的直线或曲线路径移动。Preciseknowledge of this space or envelope is essential to avoid vehicles hitting parts of the surroundinginfrastructure or each other. David M. Johnson has developed computer techniques that allow thegauging process to be carried

29、 out to permit vehicle designers and operators to ensure safety at thesame time as maximising vehicle size and speed, and in this chapter he explains these philosophiesand techniques.精确的这个空间或信封的知识是必不可少的，以避免车辆撞上周围的部分基础设施或对方。戴维M约翰逊已经开发了计算机技术，允许测量过程中进行，允许汽车设计者和经营者，以确保在安全同时最大限度地提高车辆的规模和速度，并在这一章中，他解释说，这些

30、哲学和技术。Of fundamental concern to all railway engineers is the avoidance of derailment and itspotentially catastrophic consequences. Huimin Wu and Nicholas Wilson start Chapter 8 with somestatistics from the U.S. that show the main causes of derailment. They go on to summarise the limits that have bee

31、n set by standards to try to prevent these occurrences, and cover the special case ofindependently rotating wheels and several possible preventative measures that can be taken.所有铁路工程师的基本关注是避免出轨，其潜在的灾难性后果。惠民武和一些尼古拉威尔逊开始第8章美国的统计，从显示出轨的主要原因。他们继续总结已标准，以尽量避免这些事件的限制，覆盖的特殊情况独立旋转车轮和几个可能的，可以采取的预防措施。Longitudinal train dynamics are covered by Colin Cole in Chapter 9. This is an aspect ofvehicle dynamics that is sometimes ignored, but it becomes of major importance in heavy haulrailways where very long and heavy trains lead to extremely high coupling forces between