安徽省中考英语考纲单词详解 人教新目标版.docx

1、安徽省中考英语考纲单词详解 人教新目标版安徽省2012年中考英语考纲单词详解 人教新目标版A1. a (an) (art) 一（个，件）There is an eraser in the box.What a shame! = What a pity!真遗憾！A knife and fork一副刀叉(用于价格，数量，比率等)He was driving at 50 miles an hour.当时他正以每小时50英里速度驾车。（用于一星期中某天的名称前，表示具体某一天）She died on a Tuesday. 她是在一个星期二去世的。【经典试题】A spaceship flies at a

2、bout eleven kilometers _ second. A. / B. the C. a D. an How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _ voice. A. the best B. a best C. the better D. a better 2. ability (n) 能力; 才能;He is a man of great ability. 他是位能力很强的人。She has no ability in that kind of work.The ability to use a language can be ac

3、hieved by the act of using the language.Almost everyone has some musical ability.几乎人人都有一定的音乐才能。（ability后可接介词in或for引导的短语表示“有某方面的能力”，也可接动词不定式做定语，但不接“of + v-ing”）3. able (a.) 有能力的，能够I am afraid I wont be able to visit you on Saturday. 恐怕我无法在星期六来拜访您了。I didnt feel able to disagree with him. 我觉得无法不同意他的意见。

4、The ablest student in the class.班上最有才华的人。He is an able lawyer. 他是一位能干的律师。* unable (a.) 不能的，不能胜任的4. about （prep, ad.）关于，在各处；大约，到处 My mother often spoke to me about you.家母常和我谈起你。She sat up and looked about her. 她坐了起来,环顾四周。It happened about 5 oclock in the morning. 这事发生在早晨约莫五点钟的时候。She likes to walk abo

5、ut. 她喜爱四处走走。John is about the same age as Tom. 5. above (prep) 在.上面 在.之上, 超过Water came above our knees.水淹过我们的膝盖 We cannot accept children above the age of 10.我们不能接受10岁以上的儿童。【词语辨析】Above与最低限度和固定点相连，如：2000 feet above sea level海拔2000英尺。Temperatures will not rise above zero tonight.而over与数目，数量，年龄，金钱和时间相连

6、，如： Hes over 50。他已年过半百。It cost over $100.这个值100美元。We waited over 2 hours. 6. abroad (a. ad.)在国外;到国外My son is still living abroad.He was famous both at home and abroad.(abroad前不可用in或to，但可用from表示“从国外”)7. absent (a.)缺席的,不在场的(+from)To be absent from work / school / a meeting缺勤，缺课，未出席会议。Three members of

7、the class were absent this morning. 今天早晨该班有三人缺席。Today David is absent from school because he is ill.今天大卫因为生病没上学。【注意区别】He was absent from London.他不在伦敦。He was absent in London. 他不在这里，而在伦敦。 absence （n）不在， 缺席 according to按照，根据8. accent (n) 口音,腔调Judging by her accent, she must be a Southerner. 从她的口音判断,她准

8、是南方人。9. accept (v)接受,领受;答应,同意(区别于receive)He has accepted our invitation. 他已经接受了我们的邀请。It was raining heavily so I accepted his offer of a lift.天正在下雨，所以我领了他的情，搭了他的便车。Shes decided not to accept the job.她决定不接受这项工作。10. accident (n)事故;灾祸avoid an accident 避免事故cause an accident.导致事故to have an accident出事故A t

9、errible accident has happened.by accident = by chance偶然地11. ache (n)痛，疼痛There were aches in his joints. 他关节疼痛。She felt an ache in her bank.她感觉背痛。【复合词】toothache, stomachache, heartache12. achieve (v)完成,实现，达到,赢得You will never achieve anything if you spend your time that way. 你若总是这样消磨时间,就永远不会有所成就。achie

10、ve peace实现和平 achieve progress获得进步(表示“取得成就，达成目标，目的”时用achieve; 表示“达成协议，决议，合同，得出结论”时用reach或arrive at)13. across (prep)横越,穿过（区别于through）We walked across the street. 我们穿过马路。Theres a hotel across the road.路另一边有一家旅馆。14. act（n, v）法令, 条例；表演, 扮演, 行动The time for thinking is past. We must now act.思考的时间过去了，我们必须行

11、动。He acted Othello at the Royal Theater that evening. 那天晚上他在皇家剧院扮演奥赛罗。The medicine acts well. = The medicine works well. 这药有效。The actress acts very well. 这演员戏演得好。John acted as chairman in his absence. 他不在时,约翰充当主席。(act后接as短语，作“担任”解时，其后表示职务或职业的名词前通常不用冠词)15. action (n) 行动;行为;活动He took strong action.他采取

12、了强硬措施。He was sorry for his actions.他为自己的行为感到懊悔。(take action采取行动，中间不加冠词)16. active (a.)积极的，主动的She is an active supporter of womens rights.她是争取妇女权利的积极支持者。The sentence is in the active voice.本句子用的是主动语态。Mrs. Brown is over 80 and not very active now.布朗太太已八十多岁,现在不大活动了。17. activity (n)活动(outdoor activities

13、户外活动/ classrom activities课堂活动)I take an active part in all kinds of activities including tennis, swimming and running.我积极参加诸如网球游泳跑步等各种各样的活动。18. add (v)添加;增加，加The fire is going out. Will you add some wood? 火快熄了,请你加些木柴好吗?Add 5 to 3 and you have 8. 3加5等于8.If the tea is too strong, add some more water.如

14、果茶太浓，加些水吧。增加(+to)The snowstorm added to our difficulties. 暴风雪增加了我们的困难。* addition (n) 增加，加19. address（n）住址,地址Whats your home address? 补充词义：演说,致词The headmaster gave an address to the school before the prizes were given away.在发奖之前校长向全校发表了讲话20. advantage (n)优点，优势，好处，Whats the advantage of using wind pow

15、er?使用风能有何好处？Living in a big city has many advantagesgood schools, libraries, theaters and concerts.住在大城市有许多便利，如好学校，图书馆，剧院和音乐会。We took full advantage of all the seats in the hall.我们充分利用了礼堂里的所有座位。21. advertisement (n)广告Advertisement helps to sell goods.广告有助于推销商品。“AD” is the short form of advertisement

16、.AD是广告的缩写形式* advertise(v) 为做广告22. advise (v)劝告，建议We advised her that she (should) wait. 我们劝她等He advised me to work harder.他劝告我要更勤奋工作。Its easy for you to advise, but difficult to take advice from others.劝告别人容易，接受劝告就难了。advise against劝不要I advised against their doing it.我劝他们不要做这件事。(常与of短语连用)I will advis

17、e you of my future plan.我将告诉你我的未来计划。派生词：advisable适当的，合理的，明智的。23. advice (n) 劝告,忠告UI want your advice, sir. I dont know what to do. 先生,我需要您的指点。我不知该怎么办才好。You should follow (take ) his advice.你必须遵守他的忠告。24. afford （v）负担得起(费用)，抽得出(时间),，提供 (常与can,could,be able to连用)买得起;有足够的.(去做.)+to-vThey did not consider

18、 whether they could afford the time or not. 他们没有考虑是否抽得出时间。 We cant afford to pay such a price. I cannot afford a car.我没有充足的钱买汽车。None of them could afford $50 for a ticket.他们当中没有哪个拿得出50美元买一张票。25. afraid (a.)害怕的，担心She was afraid that she might lose her job. 她担心会丢掉工作。 It seems that she is afraid to tel

19、l them about it. 似乎她怕将此事告诉他们。 Dont be afraid of snakes. (用于提出异议,告诉不好的消息等场合,使语气婉转)恐怕,遗憾+(that)Im afraid your wife had an accident.很遗憾,你妻子出事了Im afraid I cant help you. 对不起,我不能帮你。The mother is very much afraid for her son who is seriously ill.母亲很担心自己的儿子，他病得很重。be afraid of + 令人害怕或具有危险地事物。be afraid for “

20、替.担心”+ 令人担心或出于危险之中的事物26. after (ad, prep, conj)之后，后来；在以后They arrived soon after. 不久以后他们抵达了Tom went on Monday, and Mary left the day after. 汤姆星期一走的,玛丽第二天就离开了。After graduation he went abroad. 毕业后他去了国外。What are you after?你在求去什么？She was named Jane after her aunt.她被仿照她姑妈的名字命名为Jane。I will tell you after t

21、hey leave. 他们走后我再告诉你。Shut the door after you.随手关门Hes the tallest, after Richard.除了理查德，他最高。After you! = Please go first!请先走！27. afternoon（n）I always have a rest in the afternoon.我下午总要休息一会。（afternoon与this, that, yesterday, tomorrow, every等限定词连用时，其前不用介词）28. again (ad.)再，再次，又，重新He sang the song again.他把

22、这支歌又唱了一遍。They came back to school again. 他们重返学校了。again and again 再三地，反复不断地29. against （prep）反对;违反; 逆;对着；倚;靠the fight against the A flu 抗甲流斗争Were playing against Hongxing Middle School next week. 下周我们要和红星中学比赛。Against the house there stands a tree.一棵树对着这房子立着。This is against the law.这是违法的。Put the piano

23、 there, against the wall.30. age (n)年龄， 时代，(人生的)某一时期the age of the computer计算机时代Whats the age of that old building? I used to play tennis there when I was your age. Children over the age of 12 are not allowed to enter the hall. 12岁以上的孩子不准进入大厅。He left school at the age of 18.Young people of all ages

24、go there to meet.You look younger for your age. 31. ago (ad.)以前she died two years ago.她死在两年以前.比较：He had written a novel two years before. He wrote a novel two years ago.(ago指从现在算起若干时间以前，动词用过去式；before指从过去算起的某个时间以前，动词用过去完成时)32. agree (v)同意，赞同I can not agree with you on this point.对于这一点，我不能与你意见相同。He ag

25、reed to show me around the factory.他答应带我逛逛这家工厂。 33. agreement (n)同意,一致; 协定,协议My parents are in agreement on what color to paint the house. 我父母亲对于用什么颜色漆房子意见一致。The three sides reached an agreement to stop the war. 三方达成协议停止战争。34. air(n) 空气;大气，天空Better let in some fresh air.最好放些新鲜空气进来。The air was full o

26、f butterflies. 天空中飞舞着许许多多蝴蝶。35. airline (n)(飞机的)航线 航空公司 航空系统I often travel by Northwest Airlines. 我常坐西北航空公司的飞机旅行。36. airplane(n)飞机An airplane started for Canton yesterday.昨天一架飞机飞往广州。37. airport(n)飞机场，航空站They landed at a small airport. 他们在一座小型的机场降落。38. alive(a.) (常做表语或补语偶尔做后置定语)活着的;现存的;They were caug

27、ht alive.他们被活捉了。They are the happiest children alive.他们是当今最幸福的儿童。I dont know whether hes alive or dead.我不知道他是死是活。Is your mother still alive?你妈妈还健在吗?Although he is eighty, he is still very much alive. 他虽有八十岁了,但仍然充满了活力。39. all (a. pron)（与名词连用时，在该名词前可使用the或所有格等限定词；若与复数形式的名词连用，名词前也可用基数词）注意：all与not连用有两种含

28、意： “并非都是” “即使全部的.也不”All the students are not noisy.并非所有学生都吵闹。All his toys cannot make him happy.即使他的全部玩具也不能使他快乐。All five men are hard workers.他们5个人工作都努力。All of them enjoyed playing the piano.-Thanks very much for your help.-Not at all. It was a pleasure.【经典试题】Im interested in _ you have said.A. all

29、that B. all what C. that D. which40. allow (v) 允许,准许Swimming is not allowed at this beach. 这片海滩禁止游泳。 She allowed us to smoke. 她允许我们抽烟。He is not allowed to stay out late.他不可以在外呆到很晚。We do not allow smoking in the hall.我们不准有人在大厅内抽烟。41. almost (ad)几乎，差不多He spent almost 1,000 dollars a month.他每月差不多用1000块

30、钱。(与no, none, nothing等词连用，只能用almost,而不用nearly;反之，与not,never连用只能用nearly而不用almost; nearly可用very, pretty修饰，almost不可)42. alone (a.) 单独的,独自的She watches TV when she is alone. 独自一人时,她便看电视。只有,仅;单单(用于名词或代词后加强语气)The rent alone is $300. 单房租就三百元。Man alone has the gift of speech.只有人类才有说话的天赋。Time alone will show

31、who was right.只有时间能证明到底谁对。单独地(adv)For years Mary lived alone in New York. 玛丽孤身一人在纽约生活了好几年。（alone与only意思相同，但alone常放在被修饰词之后，而only却置于其前。）43. along (ad. prep)向前, 和一起,一同; 沿着He sang loudly as he walked along. 他边向前走边大声唱着歌。Come along with us. 跟我们一道去吧。I was driving my car along a path.我沿着一条小路开车。* aloud (ad.) 出声地, 高声地44. already (ad.)已经;先前I have had lunch already. 我已用过午餐了。We have already finished junior middle sch