1、英语中考复习时态系列之英语中考复习时态系列之一一般现在时 一般现在时是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一,是中考复习的重点。它表示1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 3)表示客观真理 e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth. 其结构按正常语序,即“主语+谓语+其它”,
2、有时为了起强调作用,时间状语也可提前. 其句式变化可分为两种情况 1)表示动作, 一般人称作主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词dont;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。 E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They dont have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00?2) 单三人称做主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesnt;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。E.g. Jenny speaks English very well. Jenny doesnt speak English very well
3、. Does Jenny speak English very well? 含有be动词的要在be上做变化. E.g. Danny is a good student. Danny isnt a good student. Is Danny a good student? 其时间状语为often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等频率副词,on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。 做题时常见错误如下:一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中例:We are plant (plant) the
4、trees in spring.答案:plant解析:学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的,要看语法是不是正确,在英语中,be是表状态,do是表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中,可记住如下口诀:“英汉语言有差异,be 、do不能放一起,仔细琢磨细分析,语法千万要牢记。”专项练习:一、 单选1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work works B works work C work are working D is working work2 One of the boys_
5、 a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain Bdidnt rain Cdoesnt rain Disnt rain 4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; lis
6、tens C like; are listening D liking ; listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied答案:1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B二、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he _ ( come) to visit.2 _your sister_(know)English?3Her home_ _ _(远离 )her school.4The pot_(not look) like yours very much.5 Where
7、 _you_(have)lunch every day?6 Who_(想要 )to go swimming?7 _she_(do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually_(play) games in the afternoon .答案:1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesnt look 5 do have 6 wants 7 does do 8 play二、单三人称形式易出错例:1 He plaies (play) football very well. 2 Danny gos (go
8、) to school at 7:10.答案:1 plays 2 goes 解析:1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es;2与名词变复数不同,变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.三、在句式变换时易出错例:1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend? 2 Brian doesnt lives (not live) in China.答案:1 Does have 2 doesnt live 解析:单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“见助动,用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didnt go hom
9、e yesterday.四、对do的理解易出错例:We dont (not do) our homework in the afternoon.答案:dont do解析:do是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称;b)是助动词,无实义;c)是一个具体的行为动词“做,干”。此句中给出的do指“做,干”,not指把此句变为否定句,故须在do前加助动词dont。五、对主语的数判断有误例: Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.答案: is 解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”,但with在此做伴随状语,不能做主语,故用is.另外,宾语从句
10、中,从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何时态,从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时。一般将来时的几种语法形式初中英语中表示一般将来时的语法形式有四种:shall/will动词原形;be going to动词原形;现在进行时和一般现在时。现将这四种形式分述如下:一、shall/will动词原形1. will可用于所有人称,但shall 仅表示单纯将来时,用于第一人称I和we,作为will的一种替代形式。以You and I为主语时通常避免用shall. 例如:He will be back soon. 他很快就会回来。I shall/will be fr
11、ee on Sunday. 星期天我有空。You and I will work in the same factory. 你和我将在同一工厂工作。2. will,shall可用来预言将来发生的事。如说出我们设想会发生的事,或者请对方预言将要发生什么事。例如:It will rain tomorrow. 明天将要下雨。3. will,shall除可表示单纯的将来时以外,还可以带有意愿的色彩,仍指的是将来。例如:Ill buy you a bicycle for your birthday. 你过生日时,我给你买一辆自行车。(表示允诺)Will you open the door for me
12、please?请你帮我开门好吗?(表示请求)Shall I get your coat for you? 我可以为你拿外套吗?(表示提议)二、be going to动词原形1. 表示说话人根据现在已有的迹象,判断将要或即将发生某种情况。这类句子的主语可以是人,也可是物。例如:There is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我们学校将有一场足球赛。(已有告示)I feel terrible.I think Im going to die. 我感到难受极了,我想我快不行了。Look at tho
13、se black clouds!Its going to rain. 看看那些乌云!天快要下雨了。2. 表示主语现在的意图或现已作出的决定,即打算在最近或将来进行某事。这种意图或决定往往是事先经过考虑的。例如:He isnt going to see his elder brother tomorrow. 他明天不准备去看他哥哥。Mary is going to be a teacher when she grows up. 玛丽决定长大了当一名教师。3. 只是单纯地预测未来的事,此时可与will互换。例如:I think it is going to/will rain this eveni
14、ng. 我认为今晚要下雨。注意:(1)be going to和will在含义和用法上略有不同。be going to往往表示事先经过考虑的打算;will多表示意愿、决心。两者有时不能互换。例如:He is studying hard and is going to try for the exams. 他正努力学习,准备参加考试。(不能用will替换)Can somebody help me? 谁能帮我一下吗?I will. 我来。(不能用be going to替换)(2)在if之后,通常不用will表示预言,但可以用be going to表示意图。例如:If you are going to
15、 go to the cinema this evening,youd better take your coat with you. 你若今晚去看电影,最好带着外套。be going to也常可以用于主句之中。例如:If you invite Jack,theres going to be trouble. 如果你邀请杰克,那就要惹麻烦了。如果表示将来的意愿,will可用于条件从句。此时will为情态动词。例如:If you will learn to play football,Ill help you. 如果你想学踢足球,我可以帮你。三、现在进行时表示位置转移的动词(如go,come,l
16、eave,start,arrive,return,send,move,travel,fly等)和其它几个动作动词(如do,begin,work,spend,play,stay,happen,have,finish,join,eat,die,meet等)常与现在进行时和表示将来的时间状语连用,表示在最近将要发生某事。这些事是事先安排好的。例如:The Browns are coming to dinner tomorrow. 明天布朗夫妇要来吃晚饭。What are you doing tomorrow? 明天你做什么?The train is arriving at nine oclock.
17、火车将在九点钟到。在特定的上下文中,这类动词有时也可不带时间状语。例如:Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow .Why?Whats happening ?明天穿你的旧衣服来上学。为什么?有什么事?四、一般现在时1. 动词be;表示位置转移的动词(如go,come,arrive,leave,return等)和表示“开始,结束”的动词(如start,begin,open,finish,end,close等)与一般现在时和表示将来的时间状语连用,表示时间表、节目单或日程表上所安排好的动作或事态将要发生,日程不易改变,口气肯定。例如:School fi
18、nishes on January 18th. 学期一月十八日结束。Are you free next Tuesday evening? 下周二晚上你有空吗?The party starts at four thirty,doesnt it? 晚会四点半开始,是吗?Mr Green leaves Beijing for home tomorrow. 格林先生定于明天离京返家。2. 在由when,before,as soon as,until/till引导的时间状语从句和由if引导的条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示将来。例如:If it doesnt rain tomorrow,well go
19、 to the East Lake. 如果明天不下雨,我们就去东湖。I must finish my homework before my mother returns. 我必须在妈妈回来之前做完家庭作业。3. 在hope后接表示将来时间的宾语从句中,也可用一般现在时代替一般将来时,hope的主语往往是第一人称。例如:I hope you(will)have a good holiday. 我希望你假日愉快。I hope he comes(will come). 我希望他会来。-练习:将下列句子改为将来时,相应地更改或增添时间状语。(1) I write to him once a month
20、 .(2) Lucy is working hard .(3) At what time do you have dinner ?(4) Dont you play football on Saturdays ?(5) Do you go to work by bus ?答案:(1) I shall/am going to write to him tomorrow .(2) Lucy will/is going to work hard .(3) At what time will you have dinner?/At what time are you going to have din
21、ner ?(4) Wont you play football on Saturdays ?/Arent you going to play football on Saturdays ?(5) Will you go to work by bus?/Are you going to go to work by bus ?英语中考复习时态系列之二现在进行时作谓语的动词用来表示动作(情况)发生时间的各种形式称为时态。现在进行时表示1、现在(说话的瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作,强调“此时此刻”。E.g. He is reading . They are talking now.2、当前一段时间内的活
22、动或现阶段正在进行的动作。E.g. They are working these days.3、 某些动词的现在进行时,表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。E.g I am coming.其结构为be+现在分词. 现在分词的变法有1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing ,e.g. jump2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去e,再加-ing. E.g have write3、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词,它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写,再加上-ing. E.g. sit put 其句式变换都在be上做文章。E.g. He is buying a bike. Is he buyin
23、g a bike? He isnt buying a bike. 一般由look,listen,now, at this moment等时间状语做标志。尽管现在进行时比较简单,但在做题过程中也常会犯一些错误,常见的错误有如下几种:专项训练:一 、单选1、 Look! He _their mother do the housework.A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping2 、_are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.A .Who B .How C.What D.Where
24、3、 Dont talk here. My mother _.A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep4 、Danny _. Dont call him.A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes5 、When_he_back? Sorry, I dont know.A. does,come B.are coming C.is come D.is coming答案:A C A B D二 、填空1、 Its ten oclock. My mother _(lie)in bed.2、
25、 What_he _(mend)?3、 We _(play)games now.4、 What _you_(do) these days?5、 _he _(clean) the classroom?6、 Who_(sing)in the next room?7 、The girl_(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She _(wear)a red sweater today.答案:1 is lying 2 is mending 3 are playing 4 are doing 5 Is cleaning 6 is singing 7 likes ; is wear
26、ing 一 把动词变成现在分词形式易出错例:1、They are swiming.(swim) 2 、Jenny is plaiing(play)football.答案:1.swimming 2 .playing解析:动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:“一添一去y不变”. “一添”指双写规则;“一去”指去掉不发音字母e规则;“y不变”指要与名词变复数区分开。二 丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词例:1、 Look,two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park. 2 、Li Mingisnt read ( not read) a book in bed n
27、ow.答案:1 are flying 2 isnt reading解析:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为: “be+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。三 对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing例:1 、The students are singing in the room.(对划线部分提问) What are the students in the room?答案:What are the students doing in the room?解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What +be +主语+doing+其它?”或简写为“Whatdoing”?句式。四现在进行时态的选择疑问
28、句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式例:孩子们在跑还是在跳? Are the children running or jump?答案:Are the children running or jumping?解析: or连接的是两个并列成分,动词形式须一致。英语中考复习时态系列之三一般过去时 一般过去时主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。可以从以下几个方面来理解:1)过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。e.g. I bought a new shirt yesterday. He was a worker two years ago.2)过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。e.g. When I w
29、as a child,I often played with fire. Li Lei always walked to school last term.3)谈到已故人的情况时多用过去时。e.g. Lu Xun was a great writer.4)有些发生时间不是很清楚的情况,实际是过去发生的,也应用过去时态。e.g. What did you say? 另外,还可用过去时表示委婉的语气。e.g. Could you lend me your pen? 其结构是主语+动词的过去式。be动词的过去式为was, were;行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种,规则变化有以下几种情况:1)直接在动词原形末尾加-ed. e.g. work-worked; ask-asked; 2)以e结尾的动词只加-d. e.g. arrive-arrived; like-liked.3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed. e.g. shop-shopped; 4)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed. e.g. carry-carried; study-studied.有些动词变过去式是不规则的,e.g. fly-flew; break-broke; teach-taught. 这些需要象
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