英文版的基础教育课程标准.docx

1、英文版的基础教育课程标准New English Curriculum for Chinese Primary Schools and Junior/Senior Middle SchoolsExperimental Version drafted by the Education Ministry of the PRCNote on this translationThis English version of Chinas new curriculum for English is intended for VSO volunteers who would like to feel bett

2、er informed about a document that is central to our work. However, it should in no way be regarded as an official translation. In fact, it is neither a word for word translation nor a summary. The appendix to the original, which includes lists of specific language items to be mastered, has been omit

3、ted, as have some level descriptors and sample learning activities. Despite trying to make it more readable, this version reflects the repetitive nature of the original, with the same key words cropping up over and over again. Volunteers should also refer to the more official (but still not complete

4、ly official!) translation of the new English curriculum specifically for senior middle schools available from the Programme Office. Any feedback on this version would be welcome.Tim MartinShaanxi Institute of Education, October 2005 Part 1: Introduction With the advent of the information age and the

5、 global economy, English has become increasingly important. English is the dominant carrier of information and the most widely spoken language in the world. Many countries have made English a cornerstone of quality education when developing strategies for basic education. Since Chinas reform and ope

6、ning, the scale of its English education has continually grown, attended by significant achievements in teaching and learning. However, English education in its current form is failing to meet the needs of contemporary social and economic development. The current round of reforms to the English curr

7、iculum aim to end the following practices:Over-emphasizing the transmission and explanation of knowledge about grammar and vocabularyNeglecting to develop students ability to use language for realIn their place, the reforms aim to establish a curriculum that: Develops students comprehensive language

8、 competenceMotivates students, is relevant to their life experiences and cognitive levelPromotes task-based teaching methodsInvolves students in experiential, practical, participatory and cooperative learningDevelops students positive attitudes, thinking skills, practical abilities, cultural awarene

9、ss and autonomy through the language learning process1.The Nature of the New CurriculumThe new English curriculum strives to accomplish far more than just help students learn English. At one level learning English should involve helping students to:Develop a certain level of comprehensive language c

10、ompetence and the ability to use language for real communicationMaster certain basic language knowledgeMaster listening, speaking, reading and writing skillsHowever, at another level the curriculum should also serve students all-round development, providing them with opportunities to:Strengthen thei

11、r interest in studying EnglishGrow in self-discipline, perseverance and self-confidenceImprove their cooperative, investigative and thinking abilities Develop their memory, imagination and creativity Adopt good study habits and effective learning strategiesDevelop as autonomous and lifelong learners

12、Build moral integrity and a healthy outlook on lifeEstablish both national spirit and an awareness of and respect for cultural differencesBroaden their horizons and enrich their life experienceTake part in cultural lifeDevelop as individuals2.Basic Principles of the New CurriculumThe curriculum prom

13、otes quality education (as opposed to exam-orientated education) and the all-round development of the studentsTo promote quality education particular attention must be paid to:Valuing each students feelingsStimulating students interest in studying EnglishHelping students gain a sense of achievement

14、and self-confidenceThe curriculum must go beyond developing students comprehensive language competence to include areas such as: Improving students ability to contribute to cultural and social lifeDeveloping students practical abilitiesFostering students creativityThe curriculum objectives are holis

15、tic and flexible.The fundamental aim of the new English curriculum is to develop students comprehensive language competence. This aim is broken down into five general objectives. These objectives are then divided into nine ability levels with descriptors provided for each level. The five general obj

16、ectives are: 1.Language Skills2.Language Knowledge3.Attitudes to Learning4.Learning Strategies5.Cultural AwarenessThis design allows students to progress systematically through each level whilst meeting the full range of the curriculums demands. Students are put at the centre of the curriculum and i

17、ndividual differences are respectedStudents must be at the heart of the new curriculum. For example, their developmental needs must be the central consideration when developing:Curriculum objectives The teaching and learning processThe assessment processTeaching and learning resourcesWhen implementi

18、ng the curriculum each student must be allowed to develop individually under the guidance of the teacher:The curriculum promotes activity-based methods, experiential and participatory learningThe curriculum promotes task-based learning whereby, under the guidance of the teacher, the students gain a

19、sense of achievement by reaching the goals of the task. Task completion will involve the following types of learning: SensoryExperientialHands on/practical ParticipatoryCooperativeIn order to improve their ability to use language for real communication, students should also be able to:Adjust their l

20、earning strategies and control their emotionsForm positive attitudes towards learningThe curriculum recognizes the important role of formative assessment in promoting student developmentThe assessment system should combine formative with summative assessment. The purposes of assessment should be to:

21、Promote students comprehensive language competenceEncourage and motivate studentsHelp students become more autonomous learnersBenefit students healthy personal developmentGive teachers useful feedback from which to develop teaching and learningInform the ongoing development and perfection of the Eng

22、lish curriculum Formative assessment should be an important part of the English teaching and learning process with a particular emphasis on:Encouraging students active participation in learningImproving students self-confidenceSummative assessment should focus on:Testing students integrated language

23、 skillsTesting students ability to use languageThe curriculum expands the range of learning resources and opportunities availableThe curriculum should strive to use and develop resources whose content is: RealisticClose to the students livesContemporaryHealthyRich and variedActive use should be made

24、 of:Audio visual materialPrint mediaThe InternetStudents should be encouraged to take responsibility for finding, using and developing learning resources themselves. 3.The Curriculum DesignThe curriculum follows the international practice of dividing the general objectives into different ability lev

25、els. When designing these nine levels consideration was given to the following: The nature of language developmentThe different needs of different age groupsThe needs of different ethnic groups and areasThe economic imbalances that exist in ChinaThe aim is to have designed a system that is holistic

26、and flexible. The correspondence between the level system and the grade system is shown in the following diagram: Primary SchoolWork towards:NotesGrade 3Level 1Students should start studying English in Grade 3Grade 4Level 1Grade 5Level 2Grade 6Level 2The required standard for the end of primary scho

27、olJunior Middle SchoolWork towards:NotesGrade 7 (= Junior 1)Level 3Grade 8 (= Junior 2)Level 4Grade 9 (= Junior 3)Level 5The required standard for the end of junior middle schoolSenior Middle SchoolWork towards:NotesSenior 1Level 6Senior 2Level 7Senior 3Level 8The required standard for senior middle

28、 school graduationLevel 9An extension level for specialist schools and able studentsDiagram 1: The Levels and the GradesPart 2: Introduction to The General ObjectivesThe fundamental aim of the new curriculum is to develop students comprehensive language competence. This comprehensive language compet

29、ence is achieved through the five general objectives as shown in the following diagram: Diagram 2: The General ObjectivesA further diagram illustrates the more comprehensive nature of the new curriculum compared to the old one: Diagram 3: Comparison of the Old and New CurriculumsLanguage skills and

30、knowledge form the basis of comprehensive language competenceThe students attitudes to learning strongly influence their learning and development Successful learning strategies improve the effectiveness of students learningCultural awareness ensures students use language appropriatelyThe overall des

31、criptors for comprehensive language competence (i.e. a combination of all five general objectives) for Levels 1 to 9 are presented below:LevelDescriptors1Students are curious about English and enjoy listening to people speaking English. They can:Play games, do actions and activities (e.g. colouring, joining lines) according to simple instructions from the teacherPerform simple role playsSing simple English songsSay simple rhymes and chantsUnderstand simple stories by with the aid of picturesCommunicate simple personal informationEx