考研英语一阅读翻译及解析.docx

1、考研英语一阅读翻译及解析2012Text 1Come on Everybodys doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that p

2、eer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.得了吧, 每个人都这样啊. 这种说法一半是邀请，一半是强制。当我们听到“同辈趋同压力这个词组的时候我们想到的就是这种说法。这种信息一般让人想到不好的事情，比方喝酒，吸毒，一夜

3、情。但是，在她的新书?参加这个俱乐部?, Tina Rosenberg认为，纯粹压力也是一种积极的力量，通过她所说的社会治疗，公司和官方人员可以使用群体力量去帮助个人提高他们的生活，而且也有可能提高整个人类世界的生活。Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets

4、 out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.Rosenberg是普利策奖获得者，他提供了许多社会治疗的例子：在南卡罗莱纳州，一个州资助的反对抽烟的工程叫做“向烟雾宣战就旨在控制好烟草销售。在南非，预防HIV，即众所周知的“热爱生命活动要求年轻人要平安性生活。The idea seems promising，and Rosenber

5、g is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology. Dare to be different, please dont smoke! pleads one billboard campaign aime

6、d at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.这个观点似乎很有希望，而且Rosenberg是个敏锐的观察家。她对于许多公共健康活动缺点的批评是中肯的：他们没能发动同辈压力来建立健康的习惯，他们展示

7、的是对心理学的严重误解。一个旨在在青少年中禁烟的广告牌写着：“就敢与众不同，请勿吸烟！ 青少年最渴望的是融入群体。Rosenberg认为，公共健康建议应该效仿广告商，广告商懂得如何应用同辈压力。But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors

8、that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as its presented here is that it doesnt work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.但对于社会治疗的广泛效果，R

9、osenberg就没有那么有说服力了。?参加俱乐部?一书写了太多无关细节，没有认真探讨社会和生物因素，这些因素能使同辈压力变得很有影响力。这里说的社会治疗的明显缺点是它有效期不长。一旦资金来源消失，那么“向烟雾宣战的活动就会失败。“热爱生命活动能产生持久的影响这种说法的证据缺乏。Theres no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negativ

10、e ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.毫无疑问，我们的同龄人会对我们的行为产生巨大影响。研究显示，积极的健康习惯，以及负面的习惯，会通过社会交流在朋友之间传播。这是同辈压力的一种微妙的形式：我们会无意识模仿我们每天看到的行为。Far less certain, however, is how successfu

11、lly experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. Its like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And thats the problem with a social cure engin

12、eered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.但是，很难确定的是，专家和官员能否成功选择我们的同辈，控制好他们的行为能在道德的道路上开展。这就像老师，通过让问题学生和好学生坐在一起的方法，让后排学生不要凑在一起胡闹。这种方法从来就没有什么收效。这就是从外界设计出的社会治疗会产生问题所在：在真实的社会里，正如在学校，我们坚持会选择自己的朋友。文章出处：herd mentality21. According to the first paragraph,

13、peer pressure often emerges as根据第一段，同龄人的压力通常以什么样的状态出现：A a supplement to the social cure对于社会治疗的补充B a stimulus to group dynamics对于团队活力的刺激C an obstacle to school progress学校进步的阻碍D a cause of undesirable behaviors一些不良行为的原因解析：这是一个细节题：对应文中It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex.题干中的often

14、对应原文中的usually;选项中undesirable behaviors对应no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. lead对于cause.完美替换，四级难度，出题人很仁慈。22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should罗森博格认为公共支持者应该：A recruit professional advertisers招募职业的广告人B learn from advertisers experience从广告人那里学习经验C stay away from commercial advertisers远离商

15、业广告人D recognize the limitations of advertisements认识到广告的局限性解析：此题为细节题，根据题干定位到：三段最后一句：Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. 这样的句子的理解难点是一个短语：take a page from向谁学习，如果不懂，可以看后面的so skilled at applying，也能熟练的运用，一个

16、“也道出天机，小词有大乾坤啊!23. In the authors view, Rosenbergs book fails to作者认为Rosenberg未能：A adequately probe social and biological factors足够的探究社会和生物因素B effectively evade the flaws of the social cure有效地逃避社会治疗的缺点C illustrate the functions of state funding例证出国家基金的功能Dproduce a long-lasting social effect产生长期的社会影响解

17、析：细节题问观点;对应句子But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. 指出缺乏;后面一句中的主语Join the Club 为此人所写，所以后面的表述就是他的观点： not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful.：完美替换exploration对probe;24. Paragraph 5 shows that our imitat

18、ion of behaviors第五段说明对于行为的模仿：A is harmful to our networks of friends对于朋友的网络是有害的B will mislead behavioral studies会误导对于行为的研究C occurs without our realizing it在没有意识到的时候就出现了D can produce negative health habits会产生不良的健康习惯解析：细节题 ;对应句子This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behav

19、ior we see every day.对 unconsciously完美替换。25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is作者在最后一段中认为同龄人压力的效果是：A harmfulB desirableC profoundD questionable解析：局部态度题 对应Far less certain, however, isThe tactic never really works说明作者对于这个事物的看法是不确定的所以选最后一个Text 2A deal is a de

20、al-except, apparently, when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.说好的是不能改变的! 除非Entergy进行的交易。这个公司是新英格兰地区主要的能源提供

21、商，该公司引起了佛蒙特州人们的义愤，因为上周它宣称它不想遵守严格的核能规定。Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermonts rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. Its a stunning move.相反，该公

22、司一直履行了它早先的承诺过不做的事情：即它不会因为想保持其Vermont Yankee核电站持续经营，而要在联邦法院挑战该州相关规定的合法性宪法。现在这个做法让人震惊。The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermonts only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to se

23、ek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plants license be subject to Vermont legislatures approval. Then, too, the company went along.这个冲突始于2002，当时该公司购置了佛蒙特州唯一一家核电站，其实是一个位于Vernon的破旧反响堆。该交易为了获得州政府的批准，该公司同意一个

24、前提条件：即同意在2012年后征求州政府官员的同意继续经营。2006年，州政府又提出，该核电站能否延期经营要听从佛蒙特州立法机关的批准。当时，该公司也无异议。Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didnt foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of a

25、n underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankees safety and Entergys management especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergys behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Entergy

26、 从来没有打算要遵守这些承诺，也根本没有想过将来会发生什么。一系列的事件，包括2007年冷却塔的局部崩溃，以及地下管道系统泄露的发现，这些事使得人们严重疑心Vermont Yankee电站的平安问题和Entergy的管理-尤其在该公司对其管道问题所做的误导性言论之后。佛蒙特州参议院对于Entergy的行为表示震怒，去年以26比4的投票反对其延期经营。Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the f

27、ederal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers

28、 extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point. 现在该公司突然宣称2002年的协定是无效的，因为有2006年的立法以及只有联邦政府拥有核电站管理权。该案的法律问题是模糊的：虽然最高法院判决过，各州确实有权管理核电站，但法学家说佛蒙特案为这种核电站究

29、竟能延期多久设定了先例。显然，如果每个州设立自己的法规，那么关注一下各州拼凑的临时规定是必要的。但，要是Entergy遵守诺言，这个讨论就无关紧要了。The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has nothing left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is

30、a public trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the companys

31、 application, it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.该公司似乎认定其已声名狼藉，没有什么后顾之忧，不如和佛蒙特州背水一战。但不良后果还是有的。经营核电站的许可权的问题是一个公共信任的问题。Entergy集团在美国还经营了11个反响堆，包括在普利茅斯的Pilgrim 反响堆。该公司许诺平安经营Pilgrim，要求联邦政府给予继续经营20年的许可。但是，核管理委员会(NRC)在审查该公司的申请的时候，它要牢记到底Entergy公司的哪个许诺是可信的。文章出处：2011-04-24/bostonglobe/29469298_1_nuclear-power-plant-vermont-yankee-older-reactors题目为：Vermont Yankee plants owner must honor its own promises26. The phrase “reneging on(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to短语“reneging on 最接近那个意思：A condemning.谴责B reaffirming.再次确认C dishonoring.不守信用D securing.平安解析：词意题：