学年英语译林版选修7学案Unit1Section Ⅳ GrammarWriting.docx

1、学年英语译林版选修7学案Unit 1 Section Grammar WritingSection_Grammar & Writing 语法图解 探究发现Regular public broadcasting followed shortly afterwards.Many different people contributed to the development of TV.I regret to tell you that your application has been turned down.On my birthday she gave me a mobile phone as

2、 a gift.It was not until the early 1950s that most tape recorders began using plastic tape.Who can foresee what the future will bring?The first public TV broadcasts were made in the USA.However, most people still benefit from satellite TV.我的发现(1)以上各句中的黑体部分，属于及物动词的有，属于不及物动词的有。(2)从以上句子可以看出，及物动词可接名词、代词

3、、不定式、从句、动名词作宾语。由句可以看出，某些及物动词可以跟复合宾语，即宾语加宾语补足语。(3)由句可以看出，及物动词能使用被动语态。(4)由句可以看出，不及物动词不能直接接宾语；必要时，则需加介词。一、及物动词及物动词是指后面可直接跟宾语，并且必须跟宾语才能使其意义完整的动词。大部分及物动词有被动语态。(一)及物动词常用于以下三种结构中：1“主语谓语宾语”结构此时的宾语可以是一个名词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、疑问词动词不定式、动名词(短语)或者从句。He charged the battery.(名词)Eventually, his behavior satisfied her.(代词)

4、I want to get your help. (动词不定式短语)I dont know what to do. (疑问句动词不定式)He delayed telling her the news. (动名词短语)No one can foresee what will happen in the future. (宾语从句)(1)下面这些及物动词后只能接动名词作宾语：admit(承认)，appreciate(感激), avoid, consider(考虑), delay, deny, enjoy, escape, prevent, fancy(想象), finish, imagine, m

5、ind, miss(想念), postpone(推迟), practise, recall(回忆), resist, risk, suggest(建议), include, stand(忍受), forgive, keep(继续)等。Would you mind using your phone?用一下你的电话你介意吗？That young guy still denies having started the fire behind the store.那个年轻人仍然否认在商店后面放了火。(2)下面这些及物动词后只能接不定式作宾语：afford, arrange, ask, choose,

6、decide, determine, expect, hesitate, hope, long(渴望), manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, threat, wish等。Can you afford to lend me some money?你能借一些钱给我吗？He has determined to learn French.他已决定学法语了。(3)可接不定式/动名词作宾语且意义差别大的及物动词。(4)接不定式或动名词作宾语且意义差别不大的及物动词。a表示“爱、憎、喜、恶”的情感类动词hate, love, lik

7、e, prefer等后接不定式或动名词作宾语时，意义虽相同，内涵却有些区别接不定式作宾语时，一般表示一次性的、具体的动作；接动名词作宾语时，一般表示习惯性的、一般性的动作。They prefer staying indoors when it is cold.天冷时他们喜欢待在屋里。Would you prefer to stay at home this evening with your brother?今晚你想和你弟弟一起待在家里吗？bbegin, start, continue等少数几个动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语时意义差别不大。Tom began learning/to learn

8、how to use a computer.汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。即时演练1 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空Dont forget to_send (send) my regards to your parents!Dont hesitate any more. Why not try walking (walk) this way?I still remember being_taken (take) to Beijing for the first time.Look! The light is on!But I remember turning (turn) it off!(2)完成句

9、子你怎么这么快就完成作业了？How did you manage_to_finish_your_homework so soon?他们正在练习唱那首新歌。They are practising_singing the new song.他前天到达巴黎。He reached_Paris the day before yesterday.我不知道我该怎么办。I dont know_what_I_should_do.上周一个网球砸在了我的头上，但是我尽力去忽视疼痛，认为迟早会消失的。(浙江高考改编)Last week a tennis ball hit me on the head, but I t

10、ried to_ignore_the_pain,_believing that it would go away sooner or later.2“主语谓语双宾语”结构(1)该结构中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语，一个是表示物的直接宾语。间接宾语一般在前面，直接宾语在后面。Tom sent Mary a text message.汤姆给玛丽发了一条短信。(2)有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以位置对调，此时间接宾语前应加上介词to或for。主语及物动词物(直接宾语)to人(间接宾语)。如：A man was distributing leaflets to the

11、 passersby.主语及物动词物(直接宾语)for人(间接宾语)。如：The woman bought an elegant dress for her daughter.名师点津间接宾语前常用to的动词有give, tell, lend, sell, teach, send, write, show, bring, pass, offer, hand, distribute等。间接宾语前加介词for的动词有buy, choose, get, make, order, sing, do, save等。即时演练2句型转换 I wrote him a letter yesterday.I wr

12、ote a letter to him yesterday.My classmate drew me a horse yesterday.My classmate drew a horse for me yesterday.Mr. Smith gave a watch to me as my birthday present.Mr. Smith gave me a watch as my birthday present.3“主语谓语复合宾语”结构该结构中的动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分，才能表达一个完整的意思。We elected Li Yang

13、our monitor. (Li Yang is our monitor.)The news made us sad. (We were sad.)能充当宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词等，用来补充说明宾语。如：He appointed John marketing manager. (名词)The manufacturers made the computers portable. (形容词)I found myself in darkness. (介词短语)The state government encouraged voters to vote. (动词不

14、定式)Dont leave the water running after you have washed your hands. (现在分词)(1)非谓语形式作宾语补足语时，只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有catch, keep, start等。She caught her son smoking a cigarette.她撞见她的儿子吸烟。His words started me thinking.他的话使我陷入思考。(2)非谓语形式作宾语补足语时，跟带to的不定式作宾补的及物动词有allow, ask, tell, want, wish, like, hate等；跟不带to的不定式作宾

15、补的有感官动词和使役动词或短语let, feel, notice, help, make, have, listen to, hear, see, watch, look at, observe等。His parents dont allow him to stay out late.他父母不允许他在外面待到很晚。He helped me work out the problem.他帮我解决了这个问题。(3)非谓语形式作宾语补足语时，既能用分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词或短语有see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear,

16、feel, have, want, hate, get, leave等。即时演练3 (1)单句语法填空(陕西高考改编)Let those in need understand (understand) that we will go all out to help them.(四川高考改编)Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed (wash)(2)完成句子他们要我们和他们一起去钓鱼。They asked us to_go_fishing with them.这场音乐会使她一夜之间成为深受人们喜爱

17、的歌手。This concert made_her_a_popular_singer overnight.他发现一个乞丐站在门口。He found a beggar standing_at_the_door.不要老是让孩子们待在室内。Dont always keep_the_children_indoors.(二)及物动词的语态大多数及物动词或短语都可以用于被动语态。The computer might be repaired by tomorrow.电脑明天或许能修好。The early record players were wound up by hand.早期的录音机是用手摇的。名师点

18、津后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的及物动词在变为被动语态时，要加上to。We often hear the girl sing the song.The girl is often heard to sing the song.我们经常听见这个女孩唱这首歌。即时演练4将下列句子改为被动语态She showed us all kinds of kites she had made.We were shown all kinds of kites she had made.All kinds of kites she had made were shown to us.The governmen

19、t takes good care of the poor.The poor are taken good care of by the government.Someone saw a bird fly into the window.A bird was seen to fly into the window.二、不及物动词不及物动词后面不能直接跟宾语，也不能用于被动语态。只能用于“主语谓语”结构。不及物动词后面如果要接宾语，就必须再加一个介词。常见的不及物动词有apologize, appear, arrive, come, die, fall, flow, listen, go, ha

20、ppen, lie, rise, stay, sit, live, lift(云或雾消散)等。1不及物动词后不接宾语，只能用于“主语谓语”结构，但不及物动词后可接副词。We saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.云散后，我们看到了山。This is the room where I once lived.这是我曾经住过的房间。2有些不及物动词可与介词、副词搭配组成及物动词短语，及物动词短语后可接宾语，且可用于被动语态。而有些不及物动词与副词搭配构成的是不及物动词短语。I listened to music before I could speak.我还

21、不会说话的时候就开始听音乐了。We wished that everything would work out as planned.我们希望一切事情都会像计划的那样顺利进行。The shy boy is always laughed at by other students.那个害羞的男孩总是受到其他学生的嘲笑。名师点津英语中有些动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：(1)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。Shall I begin at once? (begin作不及物动词)我可以立刻开始吗？She began working as a librarian a

22、fter she left school.(began作及物动词)她毕业后当了一名图书馆管理员。When did they leave Beijing？(leave作及物动词)他们是什么时候离开北京的？They left last week. (left作不及物动词)他们是上周离开的。(2)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不尽相同。Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。Does this cloth wash well?这布经得起洗吗？即时演练5判断正误 He is listening the teacher carefully.FThey always wan

23、t a cup of tea after lunch.THe is sending now.FIf you work hard, you will succeed in passing the exam.TOur children are taught to serve for the people wholeheartedly.F.用所给词的适当形式填空1Tom has been absent for two days. Do you know what has_happened (happen) to him?2Bill suggested holding (hold) a meeting

24、 on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.3I cant stand working (work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses to_stop (stop) talking while she works.4She likes swimming but she doesnt like to_swim this afternoon. Shed like to_swim some other day. (swim)5I dont believe what you said, bu

25、t if you can prove it, you may be able to_convince (convince) me.6Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost (lose) for words.7I remembered to_lock (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.8Listen! Do you hear someone calling (call) for help?9The palace c

26、aught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building remains (remain) now.10Would you like a piece of this kind of cloth? It sells (sell) well.完成句子1这朵花闻起来非常香。This flower smells_very_sweet.2当他苏醒时，他发现自己正躺在床上。He found_himself_lying in bed when he came to life.3到目前为止，他的书已经被翻译成

27、不同的语言。His book has_been_translated into different languages as far.4前门如果没有人答应，就敲后门试试看。Try_knocking_at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.5新式机器将会为你节省许多体力劳动。The new machine will save_you_a_lot_of_labour.6现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式之一。(2017天津高考)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and sw

28、imming, is_regarded_as one of the best allround forms of exercise.7彼德，请给我们寄明信片来，这样我们就会知道你们去哪儿游览过。(2017北京高考)Peter, please_send_us_postcards so well know where you have visited.8尽管鸟用羽毛来飞行，但是其中一些鸟的羽毛另有他用。(2017北京高考)Although birds use_their_feathers_for_flight,_some of their feathers are for other purpos

29、es.9许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。(2017北京高考)Many airlines now allow_passengers_to_print their boarding passes online to save their valuable time. 10冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得我们没有必要开空调了。(2016天津高考)The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, making air conditioning unnecessary.短文改错Dear Diana, Thank you for

30、 the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind for you to let us bring Annes friend, Gina. Unfortunate, the only problem was the journey home. There had been a terrible accident on the highway and, for a result, there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile. In the end, we drove to a serv

31、ice station and waited there unless the road was clear. In the car park Gina nearly got knocked over here as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. They finally dropped Gina off at her parents and made our own way to home. 答案：第一句：havehad第二句：forof第三句：UnfortunateUnfortunately第四句：第一个foras; milemiles第五句：unlessuntil第六句：herethere; 第二个car前加a第七句：TheyWe; 去掉to一、基本结构写建议