全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析.docx

1、全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及解析2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (

2、10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a bill that will propose making payments to witne

3、sses and will strictly control the amount of that can be given to a case a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons Media Select Committee, Lord Irvine said he with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not sufficient control.of the lett

4、er came two days after Lord Irvine caused a of media protest when he said the of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which the European Convention on Human Rights legally in Britain,

5、laid down that everybody was to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were to h

6、ave received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to guilty verdicts.31. A as to B for instance C in particular D such as32. A tightening B intensifying C focusing D fastening33. A sketch B rough C p

7、reliminary D draft34. A illogical B illegal C improbable D improper35. A publicity B penalty C popularity D peculiarity36. A since B if C before D as37. A sided B shared C complied D agreed38. A present B offer C manifest D indicate39. A Release B Publication C Printing D Exposure40. A storm B rage

8、C flare D flash41. A translation B interpretation C exhibition D demonstration42. A better than B other than C rather than D sooner than43. A changes B make C sets D turns44. A binding B convincing C restraining D sustaining45. A authorized B credited C entitled D qualified46. A with B to C from D b

9、y47. A impact B incident C inference D issue48. A stated B remarked C said D told49. A what B when C which D that50. A assure B confide C ensure D guaranteeSection III Reading ComprehensionText 1Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowl

10、edge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing p

11、rofessionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific communit

12、y and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of scie

13、nce based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, bu

14、t also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they

15、incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread int

16、roduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A ra

17、ther similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisati

18、on and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of sci

19、ence.51. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as _.A sociology and chemistryB physics and psychologyC sociology and psychologyD physics and chemistry52. We can infer from the passage that _.A there is little distinction between specialization a

20、nd professionalisationB amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of scienceC professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific communityD amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate _.A the proces

21、s of specialization and professionalisationB the hardship of amateurs in scientific studyC the change of policies in scientific publicationsD the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54. The direct reason for specialization is _.A the development in communicationB the growth of profession

22、alisationC the expansion of scientific knowledgeD the splitting up of academic societiesText 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide - the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I

23、lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and mo

24、re commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access - after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two bi

25、llion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that weve ever had.Of course, the use of

26、the Internet isnt the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that

27、still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didnt have the capital to do so. And that is why Amer

28、icas Second Wave infrastructure - including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on - were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britains former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Am

29、ericans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off youre going to be. That doesnt mean lying down and b

30、ecoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.55. Digital divide is something _.A getting worse because of the InternetB the ric

31、h countries are responsible forC the world must guard againstD considered positive today56. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _.A offers economic potentialsB can bring foreign fundsC can soon wipe out world povertyD connects people all over the world57. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of _.A providing financial support overseasB preventing foreign capitals co