专练17 阅读理解之推理判断题解析版备战届高考英语二轮复习题型专练新高考.docx

1、专练17 阅读理解之推理判断题解析版备战届高考英语二轮复习题型专练新高考备战2021届高考英语二轮复习题型专练（新高考）17阅读理解之推理判断题【考试方向】推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意

2、思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。这种问题的提问方式通常有：1.From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that .2.We can infer from the text that/ What can we learn from? / We can conclude from thepassage that3.The last sen

3、tence of the first paragraph most probably implies that.4.The author implies that by the year 2080, .5.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should.6.The author mentions the fact thatto show.7. This passage would most likely be found in _?8.The authors attitude toward is _

4、?9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _?这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点：1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。2.要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推

5、断，考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。3.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。4. 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。5.在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用

6、scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。 【答题技巧】1. 细节推断题要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。【真题再现】（2020北京高考真题） Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of

7、trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems

8、have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change. Some of todays AI pioneers want to move on from todays world of “weak” or “narrow” AI, to create “strong” or “full” AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, todays power

9、ful computing machines already make our brains look weak. A GI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to “solve intelligence”. “If were succe

10、ssful,” their mission statement reads, “we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made.”Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted th

11、e eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machinethat can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.” Good went on to suggest that “the first ultra-intelligent machine” could be “the last invention that man need ever make.”Fears about the appearance of bad, powe

12、rful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced (强化) by many works of fiction Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably hum

13、an motivations such as aggression (敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from A GI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.The prom

14、ise and danger of true A GI are great. But all of todays excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the worlds foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any

15、time soon, if ever.9.What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph I probably mean?A.Enormous in quantity. B.Changeable daily.C.Stable in quality. D.Present everywhere.10.What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters?A.Help to tackle problems. B.Make brains more active.C.Benefit am

16、bitious people. D.Set up powerful databases.11.As for Irving Goods opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is _.A.supportive B.disapprovingC.fearful D.uncertain12.What can be inferred about AGI from the passage?A.It may be only a dream.B.It will come into being soon.C.It will be controlled

17、 by humans.D.It may be more dangerous than ever.【答案】9.D 10.A 11.B 12.A【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就通用人工智能(AGI)实现的可能性进行了论述。9.词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句后面的For example, algorithms (算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translati

18、ng from one language into another(例如，算法在我们的金融市场上进行大量交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上，我们的智能手机正在从一种语言翻译成另一种语言)可知，人工智能在我们生活中用处十分广泛。由此推知，划线词所在句意为“某些形式的人工智能确实正在变得无处不在”，即划线词与D选项“Present everywhere.(在任何地方存在)”意思接近。故选D项。10.细节理解题。根据第二段AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available d

19、ata, could suggest solutions to many problems(AGI的倡导者说，AGI可以24小时为我们工作，并利用所有可用的数据，可以提出许多问题的解决方案)可知，AGI(通用人工智能)的倡导者认为，AGI(通用人工智能)可以提出许多问题的解决方案，帮助我们解决问题。因此，A选项“Help to tackle problems(帮助解决问题)”符合题意。故选A项。11.推理判断题。根据第三段Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable.

20、 In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an “ultra-intelligent machinethat can far surpass all the intellectual (智力的) activities of any man, however clever.”(自从人工智能的早期，想象力已经超过了可能。1965年，一位富有想象力的数学家欧文古德预言，最终将创造出一台“超智能机器它将远远超过任何一个人的智力活动，无论他有多聪明。”)可知，作

21、者认为Irving Good对“超智能机器”的想象力超出了实现的可能，作者并不赞成他的观点，因此B项“disapproving(不赞成)”符合题意。故选B项。12.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句And, having spoken to many of the worlds foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see A GI any time soon, if ever. (而且，在与世界上许多顶尖的人工智能研究人员交谈后，我相信有充分的理由怀疑我们是否会很快看到AGI)可推

22、断出，通用人工智能（AGI）或许只是一个梦想，A选项“It may be only a dream(它也许仅仅是一个梦想)”符合题意。故选择A项。2. 因果推断题要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。【真题再现】（2020海南高考真题）Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and ani

23、mals. Can you believe that a single bush（灌木丛）in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest. Rainforests are the lungs of the planet-storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significa

24、nt amount of the worlds oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds. Amazing

25、ly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars. To survive

26、in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life. They are not called rainforests for nothing! R

27、ainforests can generate 75%of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal-and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain-your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it wont keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, stre

28、ams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity（湿气）of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.1.What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph?A.They produce oxygen. B.They cover a vast area.C.They are well managed.

29、D.They are rich in wildlife.2.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests?A.Heavy rains B.Big trees.C.Small plants. D.Forest animals.3.Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?A.For more sunlight. B.For more growing space.C.For self-prote

30、ction. D.For the detection of insects.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Life-Giving Rainforests B.The Law of the JungleC.Animals in the Amazon D.Weather in Rainforests【答案】1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A【分析】本文是说明文。热带雨林被称为“世界上最大的药房”，因为超过25%的现代药物是由其植物提炼。热带雨林也享有“地球之肺”的美誉，因其植物的光合作用净化地球空气的能力尤为强大。仅亚马逊热带雨林产生的氧气

31、就占全球氧气总量的1/3。1.细节理解题。根据第一段Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals.得知，热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的药用植物、食物以及鸟禽猛兽。可知，热带雨林有丰富的野生动物，故选D。2.细节理解题。根据第二段Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy（树冠层）of branches and leav

32、es which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.得知，热带雨林有自己完美的生存体系，高大的树木有枝干，树叶的树冠层保护树木本身、小植物、动物们免受大雨和太阳强风带来的干燥热浪的伤害。可知，大树有助于热带雨林生存，故选B。3.推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists think this is the plants way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf-eating insects like caterpillars.得知，科学家们认为这是植物阻止任何树木疾病扩散和让比如毛毛虫这种食用树叶的昆虫难以生存。可以判断出不同树木的树叶和树枝避免彼此触碰是为了自我保护，故选C。4.主旨大意题。本文首先讲述了热带雨林蕴藏了丰富多彩的