考研英语一真题与答案解析.docx

1、考研英语一真题与答案解析2018年考研英语一试题与答案解析(完整版)Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, its a necessary condition _(1) many worthwhile things: chi

2、ld care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your _(2)in the wrong place often carries a high _(3)._(4), why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good. _(5) people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that _(6) pleasurable feel

3、ings and triggers the herding instruct thatleads sheep to flock together for safety andprompts humans to _(7) with one another.SwissScientists have found that exposure _(8) this hormone puts us in a trusting _(9): In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those su

4、bjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their _(10) who inhaled something else._(11) for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may _(12) us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _(13) a credible perso

5、n and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each _(14) to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “Whats in here?” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look _ (15). Half of them found a toy; the other half _ (16

6、)the container was empty-and realized the tester had _(17) them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were _ (18) to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. _ (19), only five of the 30 children paired with the _(20)tester

7、 participated in a follow-up activity.1. Aon Blike Cfor Dfrom2. Afaith Bconcern Cattention Dinterest3. Abenefit Bdebt Chope Dprice4. ATherefore BThen CInstead DAgain5. AUntil BUnless CAlthoughDWhen6. Aselects Bproduces Capplies Dmaintains7. Aconsult Bcompete Cconnect Dcompare8. Aat Bby CofDto9. Acon

8、text Bmood Cperiod Dcircle10. Acounterparts Bsubstitutes Ccolleagues Dsupporters11. AFunny BLucky COdd DIronic12. Amonitor Bprotect Csurprise Ddelight13. Abetween Bwithin Ctoward Dover14. Atransferred Badded Cintroduced Dentrusted15. Aout Bback Caround Dinside16. Adiscovered Bproved Cinsisted Dremem

9、bered17. Abetrayed Bwronged Cfooled Dmocked18. Aforced Bwilling Chesitant Dentitled19. AIn contrast BAs a result COn the whole DFor instance20. Ainflexible Bincapable Cunreliable Dunsuitable1.【答案】C【解析】该题选择是介词，与后面many worthwhile things一块做后置定语修饰前面condition,表明对于许多重要事情来说是一个必要条件。而A选项from（来自于），C选项like（像）D

10、选项on（关于）均语义不搭。2.【答案】A【解析】此处考察语义一致和对上下文辨析问题。该空是做put宾语，通过前面On the one hand, its a necessary condition _(1) many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. (一方面,信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照看孩子，友谊等)；on the other hand可以得知该题仍然是在讲述关于主题trust问题，所以只有faith（信任）最合适。而B选项concern（关心，关注），C选项attention（注意），D选项interest（兴

11、趣，利益）均不符题意。3.【答案】D【解析】此处考察词义辨析。前文说到putting your _in the wrong place often carries a high _（把放在错误地方通常会带来巨大），可以知道该空肯定也是填贬义，但肯定不能是debt债务这种具体含义，所以只能选price，并且carries a high price也指付出高昂代价。4.【答案】B【解析】此题考察上下文逻辑关系。上一段分析是信任利弊，该段所指内容_, why do we trust at all?（我们为什么会要信任？）所以采用了递进关系，进一步说明信任具体内容。只有D选项then(然后，那么)最符

12、合语义搭配。而A选项again（再次）表示强调；B选项instead（然而）表转折；而C选项therefore（因此）表结果，均不符合。5.【答案】D【解析】此处再一次考察逻辑关系。该空_ people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin，a hormone（_人们信任一个人或者一个机构，大脑都会释放一种荷尔蒙）,只有when（当时）符合上下文语境和逻辑语境。6.【答案】B【解析】该题是考察定语从句动宾搭配问题。上一句说当人们产生信任感，大脑就会产生一种荷尔蒙，a

13、 hormone that _(6) pleasurable feelings这个that就是定语从句，指这种荷尔蒙能_令人愉悦感觉，只能是produce最符合语境。7.【答案】C【解析】考察词义辨析。该空所填为动词，并且要求与之后with形成搭配。and triggers the herding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to _with one another.说明这种荷尔蒙能够引发一种群居本能，这种本能能让羊群聚在一起，and后面内容也与前面flock togethe

14、r同义复现。所以只有connect最符合语境。8.【答案】D【解析】该题考察固定搭配。与exposure to构成固定搭配关系。表示“接触”9.【答案】B【解析】该题考察上下文语义。上文中说到这种荷尔蒙会给人带来一种愉悦情绪，通过这个结论，可以得出这种荷尔蒙能让人有让人信任情绪/心绪。只有mood是最合适答案。10.【答案】A【解析】此处仍然是考察上下文语境。上文中In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects;能从下文得知这也是只本句讲另外一组受试者。conuterparts表示对应物，

15、对应人。11.【答案】B【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。从后文中also可以看出前后一致关系。前文对于这种天赋都是褒义色彩，所以答案此时应该是lucky。12.【答案】B【解析】同样也是因为also，说明前后一致关系。只能选择protect.13.【答案】A【解析】考察固定搭配。A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate _ a credible person and a dishonest one.选则between意为：14个月大孩子能在诚实和不诚实人之间进行区分。14.【答案】C

16、【解析】考察搭配。结合原文语境，“Sixty toddlers were each_to adult tester holding a plastic container”选项C“be introduced to sth ”表示“初次认识某物。”符合原文语境。15.【答案】D【解析】本题考察借此搭配及词义复现。根据原文“whats in here?”before looking into the container.Each subject was then invited to _.”选项D与前文所表达in here和looking into相关。因此D为正选。16.【答案】A【解析】本题考

17、察词义复现。根据语境“half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty.”这是用分好并列连接两个句子，属于并列关系。因此，前半句讲一般受测者在盒子里面找到了玩具，后半句在肯定其他人会怎么说。像个小分局结构基本一直。因此本题填入含义应该与found含义相同。因此，A选项发现为正选。17.【答案】C【解析】根据本题语境，此句在破折号后面，是对前面意思解释说明。前面提到了另一半人发现盒子是空，并且易世达测试者对他们怎么样。既然盒子是空，那么肯定认识到测试者是在戏弄他们，所以对此题必须要理解测试者是主语，宾语是The

18、m指是受测者。主语含义决定了谓语含义为戏弄。因此C选项为正选。18.【答案】B【解析】考察搭配。根据句子结构我们可以看出逗号之前是一个介词短语，意为在所有没有被戏弄过孩子里面，大多数孩子在习得一种新技能时候与测试者合作是如何。Demonstrating that they trusted his leadership表明这些孩子信任他领导。因此，既然信任他们就表示愿意合作。所B选项willing to do构成固定搭配。19.【答案】A【解析】本题考察逻辑关系。根据原文语境“”only five of the 30 children paried with the “20” tester pa

19、rticipated in a follow-up activity.”通过该句中only，可以看出与上文“大多数”形成鲜明对比。因此，本题应该选择转折逻辑关系。A选项为正选。20.【答案】C【解析】本题考察词义辨析。根据原文语境；在接下来活动中，30个孩子中有5个孩子与.样测试者能合作，所以结合上文提到大部分孩子信任测试者，但是5/30属于小部分，大部分测试者对应是信任，而小部分应该对应是不信任。因此，C选项“不可靠”为正选。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer

20、the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.（40 points）Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismi

21、ss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, fin

22、ancial advice, software engineering have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs

23、 were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class wo

24、rkers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and compl

25、ex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will b

26、e able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up

27、ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality havent been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to

28、be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few

29、 years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.【题干】Who will be most threatened by automation?【选项】ALeading politici

30、ans.BLow-wage laborers.CRobot owners.DMiddle-class workers.21答案DMiddle-class workers这是一道具体细节题，题干问道“那些人受自动化威胁最大？”根据段落定位原则，第一题应该到第一段和第二段寻找答案，A选项主要政治领导人，而原文只是在一段提到了presidential campaign，并未提到政治领导人受自动化影响；B选项低收入劳动者，在二段说道lower-income jobs dont appeal to robots，说明不会受到影响；C选项机器人所有者，在二段末句提到the rich own the rob

31、ots, so they will be fine.可以看到他们也是不受影响；故选择C，可以从二段But后找到根据。22 .【题干】Which of the following best represent the authors view?【选项】AWorries about automation are in fact groundless.BOptimists opinions on new tech find little support.CIssues arising from automation need to be tackledDNegative consequences of new tech can be avoided22答案CIssues arising from automation need to be tackled这是一道作者观点细节题，题干问道“下列哪项最能代表作者观点”根据上一题可知，这道题应该从第三段寻找答案，这种题一般到首句、末句或转折后寻