单片眼镜.docx

1、单片眼镜单片眼镜名称中文：单片眼镜英文：monocle日文： .片眼镜.単眼镜.一眼镜. 中国最古老的眼镜是水晶或透明矿物质制做的圆形单片镜.历史明代已有西方的眼镜经过西域或南洋传入我国，吴宽在得到友人所赠眼镜后写诗致谢，诗中的描述是“圆与英荚同，净与云母匹”，用法是“持之近眼眶”，单片眼镜也被称为“单照”，“单照明时已有，旧传是西洋遗法。”（苏州府志）近代单片眼镜的普遍戴法的是夹鼻式，多用于西方人。MonocleFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Monocl

2、e (disambiguation).This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2010) Joseph Chamberlain wearing a monocleA monocle is a type of corrective lens used to cor

3、rect or enhance the vision in only one eye. It consists of a circular lens, generally with a wire ring around the circumference that can be attached to a string. The other end of the string is then connected to the wearers clothing to avoid losing the monocle. The antiquarian Philipp von Stosch wore

4、 a monocle in Rome in the 1720s, in order to closely examine engravings and antique engraved gems, but the monocle did not become an article of gentlemens apparel until the nineteenth century. It was introduced by the dandys quizzing glass of the 1790s, as a sense of high fashion.单片眼镜是一种只用来纠正或增强单眼视力

5、的矫正镜片。它由一个圆形透镜构成，通常有金属丝制的环框包在镜片的周线上，环框可以连着一根细线的一端。然后细绳的另一端被接到佩戴者的衣服上来防止单片镜的丢失，然后连接到穿着者的服装，以避免丢失的单片眼镜。古物研究家Philipp von Stosch在1720年左右在罗马戴着单片眼镜，为了仔细检查雕刻和古董雕刻宝石，但到十九世纪为止，单片眼镜并没有成为绅士衣饰上的物件。它由花花公子引入作为18世纪90年代的有柄单片眼镜，作为一种流行风潮的体现。StylesAn early 20th century gold-filled monocle with galleryThere are three s

6、tyles of monocle. The first style consists of a simple loop of metal with a lens which was slotted into the eye orbit. These were the first monocles worn in England and could be found from the 1830s onwards. The second style, which was developed in the 1890s, was the most elaborate, consisting of a

7、frame with a raised edge-like extension known as the gallery.1 The gallery was designed to help secure the monocle in place by raising it out of the eye orbit slightly, so that the eyelashes could not jar it. Monocles with galleries were often the most expensive. The very wealthy would have the fram

8、es custom-made to fit their own eye sockets. A sub-category of the galleried monocle was the sprung gallery, where the gallery was replaced by an incomplete circle of flattened, ridged wire supported by three posts. The ends were pulled together, the monocle was placed in the eye orbit, and the ends

9、 released, causing the gallery to spring out and keep the monocle in place. The third style of monocle was frameless. This consisted of a cut piece of glass, with a serrated edge to provide a grip and sometimes a hole drilled into one side for a cord. Often the frameless monocle had no cord and woul

10、d be worn freely. This style was popular at the beginning of the 20th century as they could be cut to fit any shape eye orbit cheaply, without the cost of a customized frame.It is a myth that monocles were uncomfortable to wear. If they were customised then they could be worn securely with no effort

11、, though periodic adjustment is a fact of life for monocle wearers to keep the monocle from popping, as can be seen in films featuring Erich von Stroheim. Often only the rich could afford to have them custom-manufactured and the poor had to settle for poorly-fitted monocles that were less comfortabl

12、e and less secure. The popular perception was (and still is) that a monocle could easily fall off with the wrong facial expression. This is true to an extent, as raising the eyebrow too far will allow the monocle to fall. 样式单片眼镜的式样一共有三种。第一种式样由一个装配有镜片的金属圈构成，这个金属圈被放入眼眶中。这种样式的单片眼镜能在19世纪30年代以前见到，是第一种在英格

13、兰被使用的单片眼镜。第二种式样，诞生于19世纪80年代，是最为精巧复杂的，它含有一个突起的边缘状延伸我们知道它叫撑架。撑架被设计成用来帮助单片眼镜安定在稍离眼眶的地方，如此一来睫毛便不会碰到它了。有撑架结构的单片眼镜往往是最为昂贵的。非常富有的顾客常会要求单片镜的框架特别订制来与他们自己的眼眶相合。一种带鼻梁单片镜的子类名为“弹簧撑架”，在这种单片镜上撑架被一个由三个支柱支撑的不完整的圆形的扁平的隆起的金属片代替。把金属片两端捏起，把单片镜放进眼眶，松开两端，撑架弹回使单片镜固定在原处。第三种单片镜是无框架单片镜。这种式样由一块经过切割的镜片（玻璃）构成，镜片边缘呈锯齿形方便持握且有时在镜片的

14、一端钻上一个小洞来穿细绳。通常无框的单片镜没有配细绳并可以自由佩戴。这种式样在20世纪初流行，因为它们能够低价地被切割去配合任何形状的眼眶，不需一个专门定制的框架的成本。所谓单片镜戴起来很不舒服纯属传言。如果是定制的单片镜，那么它们将被安全确实地戴上，不费一点功夫，虽然定期的调整对于单片镜佩戴者防止单片眼镜弹出来说成了 (难以改变的) 人生的现实，那种景象就像我们能在那些造就 埃里克冯施特罗海姆的电影中所看到的一样。往往只有富人能付得起定制生产单片镜的费用，而穷人则要解决不是配合得很好的单片镜所造成的不舒服与不安全的问题。普遍的看法是（现在仍然是）一个错误的面部表情可以很容易导致单片眼镜的脱落

15、。这在一定程度上是事实，因为过分提眉会致使单片眼镜掉落。19th century gold filled quizzing glass.A once-standard comedic device exploits this: an upper-class gentleman makes a shocked expression in response to some event, and his monocle falls into his drink, smashes into pieces on the floor, etc. In visual media, the monocle m

16、ight also be illustrated, or visually captured mid-flight, with some slack to the string as the glass travels downward.The quizzing glass should not be confused with a monocle since it is held to ones eye with a handle, in a similar fashion to a lorgnette, and not by the eye socket itself.一个统一标准的喜剧设

17、计活用这种情节：一个上流社会的绅士，对一些事件反应作出一个震惊的表情，而他的单片眼镜落入他的饮料，在地板上摔得四分五裂，诸如此类。在视觉媒体中，单片眼镜也可能是被作插图，或在“飞行”的途中被视觉捕捉，牵着有些松弛的细绳，镜片向下掉落 。有柄单片眼镜不应该混同于一个我们现在所讲的单片眼镜，因为它有一个手柄被持举到一个人的眼睛处，以一种类似于手持双眼镜的方式，而并非靠眼眶自己夹持。Silver Lorgnette, circa 1909WearersHugo Sperrle, German field marshal of the Luftwaffe during World War II, we

18、aring a monocleDuring the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the monocle was generally associated with wealthy upper-class men. Combined with a morning coat and a top-hat, the monocle completed the costume of the stereotypical 1890s capitalist. Monocles were also stereotypical accessories of German

19、 military officers from this period; especially from World War I and World War II. German military officers who are actually known to have worn a monocle include Werner von Fritsch,2 Erich Ludendorff,3 Walter Model,4 Walter von Reichenau, Hans von Seeckt,5 Hugo Sperrle.Monocles were most prevalent i

20、n the late 19th century but are rarely worn today. This is due in large part to advances in optometry which allow for better measurement of refractive error, so that glasses and contact lenses can be prescribed with different strengths in each eye, and also in reaction to the stereotypes that became

21、 associated with them. Another significant contribution to the decline of the monocle is that some health organisations (specifically Britains National Health Service, but possibly others, in their local contexts) would not fund prescriptions for monocles, even when the prescribing optometrist recom

22、mended a monocle.citation neededThe monocle did, however, garner a following in the stylish lesbian circles of the earlier 20th century, with lesbians donning a monocle for effect. Such women included Nicole Martinez, Una Lady Troubridge, Radclyffe Hall, and Weimar German reporter Sylvia von Harden

23、(the painting Portrait of the Journalist Sylvia Von Harden by German expressionist painter Otto Dix depicts its subject sporting a monocle).Some famous figures who wore a monocle include the British politicians, Joseph Chamberlain, his son Austen, Henry Chaplin and Angus Maude. Percy Toplis the The

24、Monocled Mutineer, founder of Pakistan Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Planters mascot Mr. Peanut, Batman series antagonist Oswald Cobblepot (also known as The Penguin), Portuguese President Antnio de Spnola, filmmakers Fritz Lang and Erich Von Stroheim, prominent 19th century Portuguese writer Ea de Queiroz,

25、Soviet writer Mikhail Bulgakov, actor Conrad Veidt, Dadaists Tristan Tzara and Raoul Hausmann, esotericist Julius Evola, French collaborationist politician Louis Darquier de Pellepoix, criminal Percy Toplis, Poet laureate Alfred Lord Tennyson, singer Richard Tauber, diplomat Christopher Ewart-Biggs

26、(a smoked-glass monocle, to disguise his glass eye), Major Johnnie Cradock, actors Ralph Lynn and George Arliss, Karl Marx and Milburn Pennybags. In another vein G. E. M. Anscombe was one of only a few noted women who occasionally wore a monocle.6 Famous wearers of the 21st century so far include as

27、tronomer Sir Patrick Moore, and former boxer Chris Eubank. Abstract expressionist painter Barnett Newman wore a monocle mainly for getting a closer look at artworks. Richard Tauber wore a monocle to mask a squint in one eye. The character of Count von Count from the childrens program Sesame Street w

28、ears a monocle to show his distinction as a count.A monocle is a distinctive part of the costume of at least three Gilbert & Sullivan characters: Major-General Stanley in The Pirates of Penzance, Sir Joseph Porter in H.M.S. Pinafore, and Reginald Bunthorne in Patience, and composer Sullivan used one himself. In some variant productions numerous other characters sport the distinctive eye-wear, and some noted performers of the G&S repertoire also have worn a monocle.18K金古董单片金丝眼镜直径:3.75厘米