综英第3册unit练习答案.docx

1、综英第3册unit练习答案Unit 5Text ComprehensionI. CII. TTTFFIII. 1. Refer to Para.2-5. Professor DePaulos study suggests that lying is a common phenomenon and most of the lies we tell are small and insignificant. Meanwhile, as she points out, it is common that people take lies lightly: their lies have caused

2、them little preoccupation or regret.2. Refer to Para. 3. According to the passage, the purpose of telling lies or white lies varies: women tell lies according to the principle of caring, or to spare others feelings, and men tell lies basically for utilitarian self-promoting purposes.3. Refer to Para

3、.7-10. The story of Tom supports the argument that little white lies are ubiquitous, and people have taken such lies for granted, believing that they are well-intended. When he consulted with Michael Josephson, the reply is very negative: his mother-in-;aw may feel hurt when she discovers the deceit

4、 some day. Or even worse, she may question: “And what else have you lied to me about?” In short, such white lies may produce mistrust among people.4. Refer to Para.12-15. The consequences of lying are three-fold: the deceived may feel cheated and wont trust the liar any more; the liar will lose trus

5、t and get entangled in the lies he fabricates; and, if lies proliferate endlessly, society as a whole would falter and collapse as trust is damaged or destroyed.5. Refer to Para.16. Not all white lies are unacceptable. Some falsehoods like setting somebody up for a surprise party or telling children

6、 about the tooth fairy can be justified. However, you have to consider the attitude of the deceived towards lying and the consequences, i.e. whether your act will undermine his trust in you.1. When we start to tell a lie, we have entered a very intricate situation, as a lie often requires other lies

7、 until the whole structure of lies becomes so complex that it ensnares the liar.2. One is less inhibited from lying; his ability to make moral right and wrong judgments is dulled, and he may become less cautious against being caught.3. The most understandable and acceptable lies are those which are

8、told for the sake of love and care at the expense of trust, according to the ethicists.Vocabulary (Pp. 83-84)I. 1. earth-shattering very important/shocking/traumatic 2. spare the others feelings avoid hurting the others feelings/ avoid doing something that would upset the other person 3. shaping or

9、spinning the truth telling the truth with a favorable emphasis or slant/modifying the truth4. a slippery slope a course of action which can easily lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous5. at all costs/ at any cost under any circumstances/ whatever might happenII. 1. supportive 2. perce

10、ived 3. prevarication 4. astounded5. undermine 6. faltered 7. fibs 8. volunteeredIII. (Word Derivation)1) unethicalethic n. ethical a. unethical a.伦理学是哲学的分科。Ethics is a branch of philosophy.他的行为不太道德。His behaviour has not been strictly ethical.2) feignedfeign v. feigned a. 有些动物遇到危险时便装死。Some animals f

11、eign death when in danger.他大发雷霆，不知是真的还是假的。He was consuming with indignation, real or feigned.3) unsparingspare v. sparing a. unsparing a. unsparingly ad.他们把男人都杀了，但放过了孩子。They killed the men but spared the children. 尼任斯基对演技精益求精一丝不苟。Nijinsky was unsparing in his demands for perfection.他强迫自己拼命干。He drove

12、 himself unsparingly. 4) cynicalcynicism n. cynic n. cynical a.他的话带着强烈的讽刺。His remark has a fine edge of cynicism.罗伯特是一个地道的怀疑主义者，他不会不假思索就相信任何事或任何人。Roberts is a real cynic; he wont accept anything or anyone at face value.他们逐渐感到所谓民主制度也不过尔尔。Theyve grown rather cynical about democracy.5) confoundedlyconf

13、ound v. confounded a. confoundedly ad.他的所作所为让她感到既惊愕又困惑。His behaviour amazed and confounded her.你真讨厌死了！Youre a confounded nuisance! 天气太热了。Its confoundedly hot.6) lubricatedlubricate v. lubricant n.我需要润润嗓子。My throat needs lubricating.我们使用哪种润滑剂，主要取决于轴承的转速如何。The sort of lubricant which we use depends la

14、rgely on the running speed of the bearing.7) entangledtangle v. tangle n. entangle v.她的头发让带刺的铁网缠住了。Her hair got all tangled up in the barbed wire fence.他的财务状况是一笔糊涂帐。 His financial affairs are in such a tangle.她的长发让玫瑰丛给钩住了。Her long hair entangled itself in the rose bush.8) Willfulwill n. willful a.我被

15、迫违心地在协议上签了字。I was forced to sign the agreement against my will. 只要人有恒，万事皆可成。A willful man must have his way. . (Phrase Practice)1) The governor is trying hard to _ the scandal. cover up cover up: put sth. over sth. else so that it cannot be seen; prevent people from discovering mistakes or unpleasan

16、t factse.g. 他忘了把机器盖起来。He had forgotten to have the machine covered up. 你怎么能掩盖自己的错误呢？How can you cover up your mistake? 2) Samantha was amazed when late one evening, Adam _ that he loved her. blurted outblurt out: say sth. suddenly and tactlesslye.g. 我还没来得及阻止，他已冲口说出了这个坏消息。 He blurted out the bad news

17、 before I could stop him.3) He claimed that he had been _ after drugs were discovered in his suitcase. set upset up: make sb. feel healthy and full of energye.g. 你喝杯热饮料马上就精神了。A hot drink will soon set you up.4) Did you ever _ why the man deserted his wife and four children? find outfind out: get inf

18、ormation, after trying to discover it by effort or by chancee.g. 弄清楚合同的条件是什么。Find out what the conditions of the contract are.5) Wind and water slowly _ the mountains jagged edges. wear downwear down: reduce or become weaker until uselesse.g. 这一策略旨在逐步削弱敌人的抵抗力。The strategy was designed to wear down t

19、he enemys resistance.6) They are going to a restaurant which _ Mexican food. specializes inspecialize in: give particular attention to (a subject, product, etc.)e.g. 其实我们专营此项产品已有多年历史。In fact, we specialize in this in with a long history.7) A modest scholar never _ have exhausted his subject. profess

20、es toprofess to: claim (sth.), often falselye.g. 我并不自诩是这一问题的专家。I dont profess to be an expert in this subject.8) The press _ them _ their breakthroughs in the research into the causes of cancer. complimented oncompliment on : express of praise, admiration, approval, etc.e.g. 我们大家都夸他勇敢。We all complim

21、ented him on his courage.Synonym / Antonym1. But there is evidence that this attitude towards casual use of prevarication is common. Synonyms: evasion, equivocation 2. Ninety-two per cent of the teenagers admitted having lied to their parents in the previous year, and seventy-three percent character

22、ized themselves as “serial liars,” meaning they told lies weekly. Synonyms: chronic, repeated 3. Little white lies have become ubiquitous, and the reasons we give each other for telling fibs are familiar. Synonyms: common, prevalent, omnipresent 4. Tom dislikes her “special” pumpkin pie intensely. A

23、ntonym: slightly 5. How often do we compliment people on how well they look, or express our appreciation for gifts, when we dont really mean it? Antonyms: insult, reproach, criticize 6. “Psychological barriers wear down; the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liars perception of his

24、chances of being caught may warp.” Synonym: distort 7. Still, the endless proliferation of these little prevarications does matter. Synonyms: growth, multiplication 8. Or will he feel his long-term trust in you has been undermined? Antonyms: strengthened, consolidated I. 1. called off cancelled 2. g

25、et over overcome 3. abide by follow4. was reduced to fell into 5. dress it up make it more acceptable6. brood over feel unhappy about 7. ruled out removed from consideration8. setby reserve for future usePp. 85-87语法练习答案：I. 1. probability 2. possibility 3. intention 4. possibility5. necessity 6. poss

26、ibility 7. obligation 8. probabilityII. 1-5 CCBAD 6-10 BDBAAIII. 1. He cant have told us everything 2. Something must have gone wrong.3. She cant be only thirty years old. 4. They may not know yet.5. The road could/may have been closed. 6. The police must know that.7. There may/could have been a tra

27、ffic jam. (We dont use “can + have done” in a positive statement)8. The letter could/may arrive today.9. That will/must be my mother. 10. There should be time to do some shopping. 1. When in doubt, tell the truth. It will confound your enemies and astound your friends.1. When heated, metal expands.2

28、. If true, it will cause us a lot of trouble.3. Whenever possible, they should be typed.4. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.5. Send the goods now, if ready.6. If necessary, ring me at home.7. He glanced about as if in search of something. 1. discussing; having reached 2. paying 3. Lying; sitting4.

29、to pacify; to be pacified; grumbling 5. repeat; to make; to do6. going; stay 7. to see; to avoid; hitting 8. to arrive; rising9. doing 10. to make; to seeI. 1. according to “根据；按照”e.g. Youre all put into different groups according to your ability.According to my dictionary, there are several meaning

30、s for that word.2. whetheror not “是否”e.g. Whether you like or not, its going to happen.They will leave whether you agree or not.Translation (P. 88)I. 1. 十分惊人的是，这些无数次说谎的人称，说谎并没有使他们十分纠结或后悔。2. 尽管承认说谎，91%的反馈者称“对自己的道德和性格还是感到满意”。3. 毫无疑问，这些“好心的谎话”是无害的、善意的，也是一种社交必需的润滑剂。4. 如果你没有把握，马克吐温给了我们一条经验法则：拿不准的时候，就说实话，

31、实话会迷惑敌人，震惊朋友。II.1当哈姆雷特拿不定主意该采取什么行动时，他就装疯。(feign)Explanation: If someone feigns a particular feeling, attitude, or physical condition, they try to make other people think that they have it or are experiencing it, although this is not true. Translation: Hamlet feigned madness when he was hesitating what to do.Practice:装病 装疯 佯作无知feign illness, madness, ignorance2. 搪塞推诿是这生意人的惯用伎俩。（prevarication）Translation: Prevarication is one of the techniques this businessman likes to emplo